Search Results
Source: PLOS ONE
Resulting in 11 citations.
| 1. |
Apollonio, Dorie E. Dutra, Lauren M. Glantz, Stanton A. |
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Associations between Smoking Trajectories, Smoke-free Laws and Cigarette Taxes in a Longitudinal Sample of Youth and Young Adults PLOS ONE published online (11 February 2021): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246321. Also: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0246321 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Geocoded Data; Legislation; Smoking (see Cigarette Use); State-Level Data/Policy; Taxes Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Cigarette smoking patterns vary within the population, with some individuals remaining never smokers, some remaining occasional users, and others progressing to daily use or quitting. There is little research on how population-level tobacco control policy interventions affect individuals within different smoking trajectories. We identified associations between tobacco control policy interventions and changes across different smoking trajectories among adolescents and young adults. Using 15 annual waves of data drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we applied a group-based trajectory model to identify associations between days smoked per month, comprehensive smoke-free laws, cigarette tax rates, and known socio-demographic risk factors for membership in different smoking trajectories. Comprehensive smoke-free laws were associated with reduced risk of initiation and reductions in days smoked per month for all trajectories other than occasional users. Higher tax rates were associated with reduced risk of initiation and days smoked for all trajectories other than established users. Overall, population-based tobacco control policies, particularly comprehensive smoke-free laws, were associated with reduced smoking. Tobacco taxes primarily reduced risk of initiation and use among never smokers, experimenters, and quitters, consistent with previous research suggesting that tobacco manufacturers lower prices after tax increases to reduce the cost of continued smoking for established users. These results provide support for expanding smoke-free laws and establishing a minimum tobacco floor price, which could improve public health by reducing the risk of initiation as well as use among occasional and established smokers. |
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Bibliography Citation
Apollonio, Dorie E., Lauren M. Dutra and Stanton A. Glantz. "Associations between Smoking Trajectories, Smoke-free Laws and Cigarette Taxes in a Longitudinal Sample of Youth and Young Adults." PLOS ONE published online (11 February 2021): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246321.
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| 2. |
Bernstein, Shayna Rehkopf, David Tuljapurkar, Shripad Horvitz, Carol C. |
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Poverty Dynamics, Poverty Thresholds and Mortality: An Age-Stage Markovian Model PLoS ONE published online (16 May 2018): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195734. Also: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0195734 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Health and Retirement Study (HRS); Mortality; Poverty Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Recent studies have examined the risk of poverty throughout the life course, but few have considered how transitioning in and out of poverty shape the dynamic heterogeneity and mortality disparities of a cohort at each age. Here we use state-by-age modeling to capture individual heterogeneity in crossing one of three different poverty thresholds...at each age. We examine age-specific state structure, the remaining life expectancy, its variance, and cohort simulations for those above and below each threshold. Survival and transitioning probabilities are statistically estimated by regression analyses of data from the Health and Retirement Survey RAND data-set, and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Using the results of these regression analyses, we parameterize discrete state, discrete age matrix models. |
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Bibliography Citation
Bernstein, Shayna, David Rehkopf, Shripad Tuljapurkar and Carol C. Horvitz. "Poverty Dynamics, Poverty Thresholds and Mortality: An Age-Stage Markovian Model." PLoS ONE published online (16 May 2018): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195734.
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| 3. |
Devaraj, Srikant Quigley, Narda R. Patel, Pankaj C. |
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The Effects of Skin Tone, Height, and Gender on Earnings PLOS ONE published online (2 January 2018): DOI: doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190640. Also: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190640 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Discrimination; Earnings; Gender Differences; Height; Physical Characteristics; Skin Tone Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using a theoretical approach grounded in implicit bias and stereotyping theories, this study examines the relationship between observable physical characteristics (skin tone, height, and gender) and earnings, as measured by income. Combining separate streams of research on the influence of these three characteristics, we draw from a sample of 31,356 individual-year observations across 4,340 individuals from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth (NLSY) 1997. We find that skin tone, height, and gender interact such that taller males with darker skin tone attain lower earnings; those educated beyond high school, endowed with higher cognitive ability, and at the higher income level (>75th percentile) had even lower levels of earnings relative to individuals with lighter skin tone. The findings have implications for implicit bias theories, stereotyping, and the human capital literature within the fields of management, applied psychology, and economics. |
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Bibliography Citation
Devaraj, Srikant, Narda R. Quigley and Pankaj C. Patel. "The Effects of Skin Tone, Height, and Gender on Earnings." PLOS ONE published online (2 January 2018): DOI: doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190640.
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| 4. |
Dutra, Lauren M. Glantz, Stanton A. Lisha, Nadra E. Song, Anna V. |
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Beyond Experimentation: Five Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking in a Longitudinal Sample of Youth PLOS ONE published online (9 February 2017): 10.1371/journal.pone.0171808. Also: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0171808 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Modeling, Latent Class Analysis/Latent Transition Analysis Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The first goal of this study was to identify the most appropriate measure of cigarette smoking for identifying unique smoking trajectories among adolescents; the second goal was to describe the resulting trajectories and their characteristics. Using 15 annual waves of smoking data in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), we conducted an exploratory latent class growth analysis to determine the best of four outcome variables for yearly smoking (cigarettes per day on days smoked, days smoked per month, mean cigarettes per day, and total cigarettes per month) among individuals aged 12 to 30 (n = 8,791). Days smoked per month was the best outcome variable for identifying unique longitudinal trajectories of smoking and characteristics of these trajectories that could be used to target different types of smokers for prevention and cessation. Objective statistics were used to identify four trajectories in addition to never smokers (34.1%): experimenters (13.6%), quitters (8.1%), early established smokers (39.0%), and late escalators (5.2%). We identified a quitter and late escalator class not identified in the only other comparable latent class growth analysis. Logistic regressions were used to identify the characteristics of individuals in each trajectory. Compared with never smokers, all trajectories except late escalators were less likely to be black; experimenters were more likely to be out of school and unemployed and drink alcohol in adolescence; quitters were more likely to have a mother with a high school degree/GED or higher (versus none) and to use substances in adolescence and less likely to have ever married as a young adult; early established smokers were more likely to have a mother with a high school diploma or GED, be out of school and unemployed, not live with both parents, have used substances, be depressed, and have peers who smoked in adolescence and to have children as young adults and less likely to be Hispanic and to have ever married as young adults; and late escalators were more likely to be Hispanic, drink alcohol, and break rules in adolescence and less likely to have ever married as young adults. Because of the number of waves of data analyzed, this analysis provided a clearer temporal depiction of smoking behavior and more easily distinguishable smoking trajectories than previous analyses. Tobacco control interventions need to move beyond youth-focused approaches to reach all smokers. |
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Bibliography Citation
Dutra, Lauren M., Stanton A. Glantz, Nadra E. Lisha and Anna V. Song. "Beyond Experimentation: Five Trajectories of Cigarette Smoking in a Longitudinal Sample of Youth." PLOS ONE published online (9 February 2017): 10.1371/journal.pone.0171808.
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| 5. |
Fernandez, Cristina Christ, Sharon L. LeBlanc, William G. Arheart, Kristopher L. Dietz, Noella A. McCollister, Kathryn E. Fleming, Lora E. Muntaner, Carles Muennig, Peter Lee, David J. |
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Effect of Childhood Victimization on Occupational Prestige and Income Trajectories PLOS ONE published online (27 February 2015): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115519. Also: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0115519 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Bullying/Victimization; Childhood Adversity/Trauma; Income; Occupational Prestige Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Background: Violence toward children (childhood victimization) is a major public health problem, with long-term consequences on economic well-being. The purpose of this study was to determine whether childhood victimization affects occupational prestige and income in young adulthood. We hypothesized that young adults who experienced more childhood victimizations would have less prestigious jobs and lower incomes relative to those with no victimization history. We also explored the pathways in which childhood victimization mediates the relationships between background variables, such as parent's educational impact on the socioeconomic transition into adulthood. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 8,901 young adults aged 18-28 surveyed between 1999-2009 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY) were analyzed. Covariate-adjusted multivariate linear regression and path models were used to estimate the effects of victimization and covariates on income and prestige levels and on income and prestige trajectories. After each participant turned 18, their annual 2002 Census job code was assigned a yearly prestige score based on the 1989 General Social Survey, and their annual income was calculated via self-reports. Occupational prestige and annual income are time-varying variables measured from 1999-2009. Victimization effects were tested for moderation by sex, race, and ethnicity in the multivariate models. Results: Approximately half of our sample reported at least one instance of childhood victimization before the age of 18. Major findings include 1) childhood victimization resulted in slower income and prestige growth over time, and 2) mediation analyses suggested that this slower prestige and earnings arose because victims did not get the same amount of education as non-victims. |
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Bibliography Citation
Fernandez, Cristina, Sharon L. Christ, William G. LeBlanc, Kristopher L. Arheart, Noella A. Dietz, Kathryn E. McCollister, Lora E. Fleming, Carles Muntaner, Peter Muennig and David J. Lee. "Effect of Childhood Victimization on Occupational Prestige and Income Trajectories." PLOS ONE published online (27 February 2015): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115519.
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| 6. |
Han, Wen-Jui |
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How Our Longitudinal Employment Patterns Might Shape Our Health as We Approach Middle Adulthood—US NLSY79 Cohort PLOS ONE published online (3 April 2024). Also: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300245 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Depression (see also CESD); Economic Well-Being; Educational Status; Employment; Health, Impacts to; Health, Mental/Psychological; Health, Physical; Sleep; Sleep Hours; Sleep Quality; Social Status; Socioeconomic Factors; Wages; Work Hours, Irregular; Work Hours/Schedule; Work Schedule, Irregular; Worker Health; Working Patterns Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Recent labor market transformations brought on by digital and technological advances, together with the rise of the service economy since the 1980s, have subjected more workers to precarious conditions, such as irregular work hours and low or unpredictable wages, threatening their economic well-being and health. This study advances our understanding of the critical role employment plays in our health by examining how employment patterns throughout our working lives, based on work schedules, may shape our health at age 50, paying particular attention to the moderating role of social position. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1979 (NLSY79), which has collected 30+ years of longitudinal information, was used to examine how employment patterns starting at ages 22 (n ≈ 7,336) might be associated with sleep hours and quality, physical and mental functions, and the likelihood of reporting poor health and depressive symptoms at age 50. Sequence analysis found five dominant employment patterns between ages 22 and 49: “mostly not working” (10%), “early standard hours before transitioning into mostly variable hours” (12%), “early standard hours before transitioning into volatile schedules” (early ST-volatile, 17%), “mostly standard hours with some variable hours” (35%), and “stable standard hours” (26%). The multiple regression analyses indicate that having the “early ST-volatile” schedule pattern between ages 22 and 49 was consistently, significantly associated with the poorest health, including the fewest hours of sleep per day, the lowest sleep quality, the lowest physical and mental functions, and the highest likelihood of reporting poor health and depressive symptoms at age 50. In addition, social position plays a significant role in these adverse health consequences. For example, whereas non-Hispanic White women reported the most hours of sleep and non-Hispanic Black men reported the fewest, the opposite was true for sleep quality. In a ddition, non-Hispanic Black men with less than a high school education had the highest likelihood of reporting poor health at age 50 if they engaged in an employment pattern of “early ST-volatile” between ages 22 and 49. In comparison, non-Hispanic White men with a college degree or above education had the lowest likelihood of reporting poor health if they engaged in an employment pattern of stable standard hours. This analysis underscores the critical role of employment patterns in shaping our daily routines, which matter to sleep and physical and mental health as we approach middle adulthood. Notably, the groups with relatively disadvantaged social positions are also likely to be subject to nonstandard work schedules, including non-Hispanic Blacks and people with low education; hence, they were more likely than others to shoulder the harmful links between nonstandard work schedules and sleep and health, worsening their probability of maintaining and nurturing their health as they approach middle adulthood. |
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Bibliography Citation
Han, Wen-Jui. "How Our Longitudinal Employment Patterns Might Shape Our Health as We Approach Middle Adulthood—US NLSY79 Cohort." PLOS ONE published online (3 April 2024).
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| 7. |
Kamp Dush, Claire M. Arocho, Rachel Mernitz, Sara E. Bartholomew, Kyle R. |
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The Intergenerational Transmission of Partnering PLoS ONE published online (13 November 2018): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205732. Also: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205732 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Divorce; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Marital Status; Modeling, Poisson (IRT–ZIP); Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. As divorce and cohabitation dissolution in the US have increased, partnering has expanded to the point that sociologists describe a merry-go-round of partners in American families. Could one driver of the increase in the number of partners be an intergenerational transmission of partnering? We discuss three theoretical perspectives on potential mechanisms that would underlie an intergenerational transmission of partnering: the transmission of economic hardship, the transmission of marriageable characteristics and relationship skills, and the transmission of relationship commitment. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Child and Young Adult study (NLSY79 CYA) and their mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), we examined the intergenerational transmission of partnering, including both marital and cohabitating unions, using prospective measures of family and economic instability as well as exploiting sibling data to try to identify potential mechanisms. Even after controlling for maternal demographic characteristics and socioeconomic factors, the number of maternal partners was positively associated with offspring's number of partners. Hybrid sibling Poisson regression models that examined sibling differential experiences of maternal partners indicated that there were no differences between siblings who witnessed more or fewer maternal partners. Overall, results suggested that the transmission of poor marriageable characteristics and relationship skills from mother to child may warrant additional attention as a potential mechanism through which the number of partners continues across generations. |
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Bibliography Citation
Kamp Dush, Claire M., Rachel Arocho, Sara E. Mernitz and Kyle R. Bartholomew. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Partnering." PLoS ONE published online (13 November 2018): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205732.
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| 8. |
Kelly, Brian C. Vuolo, Mike |
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Cognitive Aptitude, Peers, and Trajectories of Marijuana Use from Adolescence through Young Adulthood PLoS One 14,10 (25 October 2019): e0223152. Also: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223152 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Cognitive Ability; Drug Use; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Transition, Adulthood Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Background: Using a nationally representative longitudinal cohort, we examine how cognitive aptitude in early adolescence is associated with heterogeneous pathways of marijuana use from age sixteen through young adulthood. We also examine whether this relationship can be explained by the role of cognitive aptitude in the social organization of peer group deviance. Methods: Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we identified 5 latent trajectories of frequency of marijuana use between ages 16 and 26: abstainers, dabblers, early heavy quitters, consistent users, and persistent heavy users. Multinomial regression assessed the relationship of cognitive aptitude in early adolescence with these latent trajectories, including the role of peer group substance use in this relationship. Results: A one decile increase in cognitive aptitude in early adolescence is associated with greater relative risk of the dabbler trajectory (RR = 1.048; p < .001) and consistent user trajectory (RR = 1.126; p < .001), but lower relative risk of the early heavy quitter trajectory (RR = 0.917; p < .05) in comparison with the abstainer trajectory. There was no effect for the persistent heavy user trajectory. The inclusion of peer group substance use-either via illegal drugs or smoking-had no effect on these relationships. |
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Bibliography Citation
Kelly, Brian C. and Mike Vuolo. "Cognitive Aptitude, Peers, and Trajectories of Marijuana Use from Adolescence through Young Adulthood." PLoS One 14,10 (25 October 2019): e0223152.
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| 9. |
Mostafa, Sayed Wang, Yudan Chen |
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Competitive Integrated Employment for Youth with Disabilities: Aligning Measurement with Conceptualization Using Latent Growth Curve Modeling Plos One published online (16 November 2023) Also: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290573 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Disability; Disabled Workers; Employment; Employment History; Employment, Competitive Integrated; Employment, Youth; Job Characteristics; Job Quality; Wage Rates; Wages; Wages, Hourly Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Purpose: Although existing research has generated a wealth of information related to employment for individuals with disabilities, a major limitation is that common measurements of employment do not fully capture the scope of the optimal outcome specified in public policies, namely, competitive integrated employment. Therefore, we aimed to describe the change and stability in multiple aspects of employment for youth with disabilities from high school age to mid-30s under the structural equation modeling framework. Methods: We identified a sample of 1,921 youth with disabilities who were at least 18 years old in 2003 from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth– 1997. We estimated a series of latent growth curve models to assess trajectories of job quality, indicated by hourly pay, and stability, indicated by weekly work hours, over a period of 15 years. Results: Trajectories of job quality and stability did not covary or load on a common factor, but there was substantial variability within the sample in both the intercept and slope of these two constructs, which were best captured by a cubic growth curve, and partially explained by health condition and several demographic variables. Conclusions: Competitive integrated employment comprises of multiple components which should ideally be considered along a time dimension. Future studies need to assess validity of the measurement model with a different sample and incorporate another important component of competitive integrated employment, that is, whether work is carried out at an integrated setting. |
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Bibliography Citation
Mostafa, Sayed and Yudan Chen Wang. "Competitive Integrated Employment for Youth with Disabilities: Aligning Measurement with Conceptualization Using Latent Growth Curve Modeling." Plos One published online (16 November 2023).
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| 10. |
Wright, Liam Davies, Neil M. Bann, David |
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The Association between Cognitive Ability and Body Mass Index: A Sibling-Comparison Analysis in Four Longitudinal Studies PLOS Medicine published online (13 April 2023): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004207. Also: https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1004207 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult, NLSY97 Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Body Mass Index (BMI); Cognitive Ability; Siblings; Wisconsin Longitudinal Study/H.S. Panel Study (WLS) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Background: Body mass index (BMI) and obesity rates have increased sharply since the 1980s. While multiple epidemiologic studies have found that higher adolescent cognitive ability is associated with lower adult BMI, residual and unobserved confounding due to family background may explain these associations. We used a sibling design to test this association accounting for confounding factors shared within households. Methods and findings: We used data from four United States general youth population cohort studies: the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 (NLSY-79), the NLSY-79 Children and Young Adult, the NLSY 1997 (NLSY-97), and the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS); a total of 12,250 siblings from 5,602 households followed from adolescence up to age 62. We used random effects within-between (REWB) and residualized quantile regression (RQR) models to compare between- and within-family estimates of the association between adolescent cognitive ability and adult BMI (20 to 64 years). In REWB models, moving from the 25th to 75th percentile of adolescent cognitive ability was associated with −0.95 kg/m2 (95% CI = −1.21, −0.69) lower BMI between families. Adjusting for family socioeconomic position reduced the association to −0.61 kg/m2 (−0.90, −0.33). However, within families, the association was just −0.06 kg/m2 (−0.35, 0.23). This pattern of results was found across multiple specifications, including analyses conducted in separate cohorts, models examining age-differences in association, and in RQR models examining the association across the distribution of BMI. Limitations include the possibility that within-family estimates are biased due to measurement error of the exposure, confounding via non-shared factors, and carryover effects. |
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Bibliography Citation
Wright, Liam, Neil M. Davies and David Bann. "The Association between Cognitive Ability and Body Mass Index: A Sibling-Comparison Analysis in Four Longitudinal Studies." PLOS Medicine published online (13 April 2023): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004207.
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| 11. |
Yu, Wei-Hsin Kuo, Janet Chen-Lan |
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Going the Extra Mile at Work: Relationships Between Working Conditions and Discretionary Work Effort PLOS ONE published online (02 August 2023). Also: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0288521 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Minorities; Minority Groups; Women; Work Attitudes; Work Effort, Discretionary; Work Experience; Worker Motivation; Workers Ability; Working Conditions Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Despite the implications of work effort for earnings inequality, rigorous and comprehensive analyses of how work conditions affect people's tendency to exert extra work effort are rare. Using two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this study examines how individuals' discretionary work effort-i.e., effort in excess of what is required-changes with their work time, the tangible and intangible rewards from their jobs, and the social contexts of their occupations. Results from fixed-effects models show that frequently working in teams is associated with both women's and men's reported discretionary effort. Women also express a greater tendency to exert extra work effort when they work full time instead of part time and when their employers offer paid maternity leave, but less so when their occupations are male-dominant or require confrontations with people. Racial and ethnic minorities' discretionary work effort changes in response to collaborative and competitive occupational environments somewhat differently from Whites. In addition, Black women's tendency to exert excess work effort is less tied to their time spent on their jobs than White women's. Beyond uncovering gender and ethnoracial differences, this study also underscores the need to consider the ways in which social aspects of work contribute to workers' motivation and effort. |
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Bibliography Citation
Yu, Wei-Hsin and Janet Chen-Lan Kuo. "Going the Extra Mile at Work: Relationships Between Working Conditions and Discretionary Work Effort." PLOS ONE published online (02 August 2023).
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