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Author: Kamp Dush, Claire M.

Resulting in 18 citations.

1.	Arocho, Rachel Kamp Dush, Claire M.
1.	"Best-Laid Plans”: Barriers to Meeting Marital Timing Desires Over the Life Course Marriage and Family Review 56,7 (2020): 633-656. Also: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01494929.2020.1737620 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Keyword(s): Age at First Marriage; Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Cohabitation; Family Structure; Life Course; Parental Influences; Religious Influences; Socioeconomic Background Most youth desire to marry, and often around a certain age, but many individuals marry earlier or later than originally desired. Off-time marriage could have consequences for subsequent relationship stability and mental health. Whereas barriers to marriage goals in the short term have been studied extensively, predictors of meeting marital timing expectations over the life course are less well understood. This study examined possible barriers, including socioeconomic characteristics and family experiences, both background and formation, to meeting marital timing desires by age 40 using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort (NLSY79). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that greater education, religiousness, cohabitation, and premarital childbearing were associated with delayed or forgone marriage, but associations varied by gender and the age at which respondents stated their expectations.
	Bibliography Citation Arocho, Rachel and Claire M. Kamp Dush. ""Best-Laid Plans”: Barriers to Meeting Marital Timing Desires Over the Life Course." Marriage and Family Review 56,7 (2020): 633-656.

2.	Arocho, Rachel Kamp Dush, Claire M.
2.	Anticipating the "Ball and Chain"? Reciprocal Associations Between Marital Expectations and Delinquency Journal of Marriage and Family 78,5 (October 2016): 1371-1381. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jomf.12328/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Delinquency/Gang Activity; Expectations/Intentions; Marriage; Modeling, Structural Equation Marriage has been identified as a mechanism that may explain decreased delinquency among young adults, but whereas marriage is increasingly delayed, crime continues to decrease across the transition to adulthood. Most adolescents and young adults expect to marry one day, and these expectations may suppress delinquency. Conversely, increased delinquency may also predict decreased marital expectations. Longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort (N = 7,057), a sample of youth who were aged 12 to 17 years in 1997, were used to examine the reciprocal association between an expressed expectation to marry soon and participation in delinquent behavior. Results from an autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation model suggested that greater expectations to marry were significantly associated with less delinquent activity 1 year later. Greater delinquent activity was not significantly associated with subsequent marital expectations. Youth with the greatest expectations to marry may temper their behavior even before vows are taken.
	Bibliography Citation Arocho, Rachel and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "Anticipating the "Ball and Chain"? Reciprocal Associations Between Marital Expectations and Delinquency." Journal of Marriage and Family 78,5 (October 2016): 1371-1381.

3.	Arocho, Rachel Kamp Dush, Claire M.
3.	Distant Horizons: Marital Expectations May Be Dampened by Economic Circumstances Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice 7,1 (March 2018): 1-11. Also: http://psycnet.apa.org/PsycARTICLES/journal/cfp/7/1 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA) Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Educational Attainment; Expectations/Intentions; Marriage; Modeling, Structural Equation; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Many cohabitors desire to marry someday, though actual expectations for marriage, particularly for when one expects to marry, may change over time. Cohabitors' expectations could be shaped by the characteristics of their relationship and their current socioeconomic circumstances. However, expectations to be wed within a certain time frame could also encourage behaviors to make marriage more attainable, such as by taking steps to increase financial security or improve the relationship. The present study drew on marital horizon theory and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Child and Young Adult Cohort and used autoregressive cross-lagged structural equation models to examine reciprocal associations between cohabiting individuals' marital expectations, defined as years until they expected to marry, and relationship and socioeconomic characteristics. Cohabitors with greater education subsequently expected to marry sooner, and those who expected to marry later were subsequently more highly educated. Cohabitors with better educated partners also expected to marry sooner, as did cohabitors who were themselves employed full-time. Overall, results strengthened previous arguments for the importance of economic security for marriage, and extended these findings to suggest that even expectations for marriage may be hampered by poor socioeconomic status. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
	Bibliography Citation Arocho, Rachel and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "Distant Horizons: Marital Expectations May Be Dampened by Economic Circumstances." Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice 7,1 (March 2018): 1-11.

4.	Arocho, Rachel Kamp Dush, Claire M.
4.	Like Mother, Like Child: Offspring Marital Timing Desires and Maternal Marriage Timing and Stability Journal of Family Psychology 31,3 (April 2017): 261-272. Also: http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2016-28689-001/ Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA) Keyword(s): Age at First Marriage; Expectations/Intentions; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Marital History/Transitions; Marital Stability; Marriage Understanding the determinants of marital timing is critical because it has implications for marital functioning and divorce. One salient predictor of marital timing is youth's desires for marriage timing. To shine light on predictors of both desires for marital timing and the timing of marriage itself, we examine offspring marital desires and maternal marriage characteristics in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 (NLSY79) cohort and 1979 Child and Young Adult cohort (NLSY79-CYA; biological offspring of the women in the 1979 cohort). Analyses showed that maternal cohabitation postdivorce predicted decreased expectations to ever marry in offspring. Maternal age at marriage was positively associated with offspring desires for age at marriage, but only for those whose mothers had not divorced. Maternal marital age was significantly associated with the offspring's transition into marriage even when controlling for the offspring's desires for marriage timing, but neither maternal marriage age nor offspring desires for marital timing were associated with the timing of entrance into cohabitation, whereas maternal divorce was associated with earlier cohabitation. Our findings suggest that maternal marriage characteristics, particularly divorce, are significant predictors of millennials' desires for and experiences with romantic relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
	Bibliography Citation Arocho, Rachel and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "Like Mother, Like Child: Offspring Marital Timing Desires and Maternal Marriage Timing and Stability." Journal of Family Psychology 31,3 (April 2017): 261-272.

5.	Bartholomew, Kyle R. Kamp Dush, Claire M.
5.	Does Family Instability Reduce Adult Offspring Socioeconomic Outcomes? Presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2016 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Occupational Prestige; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Currently there is a debate in the literature investigating the association between family instability and adult offspring socioeconomic outcomes (i.e. education, income, occupation prestige). The current scholarship is limited by noncausal methodology, old data, limited data range, inconsistent measurement of family instability, and a young adult offspring sample. Using a sibling fixed effects analysis with all available waves of the NLSY79 and the NLSY79CYA, this study investigates the association between family instability and adult offspring socioeconomic outcomes while addressing the weaknesses in the existing research. Results suggest that family instability is associated with adult offspring education attainment for males and females and with occupation prestige for males. Further, this study finds that family instability is better modeled as a moderator for the association between offspring age and socioeconomic outcomes. Specifically, with each instance of family instability, the natural increase of socioeconomic outcomes that occurs with age is significantly decreased resulting in lower socioeconomic attainment.
	Bibliography Citation Bartholomew, Kyle R. and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "Does Family Instability Reduce Adult Offspring Socioeconomic Outcomes?" Presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2016.

6.	Bartholomew, Kyle R. Kamp Dush, Claire M.
6.	New Evidence for the Intergenerational Transmission of Family Instability Presented: San Diego CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April-May 2015 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Age at Birth; Cohabitation; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Marital Instability; Marriage; Maternal Employment; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Mothers, Education; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Stable, committed relationships are linked to positive adult and child outcomes, but many adults, and parents, frequently transition into and out of marriage and cohabitation. This study investigated the intergenerational transmission of repartnering using women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and their offspring in the Children and Young Adults sample. Negative binomial regression and sibling fixed-effects results established that maternal and offspring repartnering are associated and that neither economic hardship nor inherited maternal characteristics accounted for this significant association. Further, both maternal repartnering prior to offspring age 18, and post 18, were associated with offspring repartnering. Results supported social learning theory, which posits that offspring learn relational skills and commitment by observing their parents' relationships and imitating them in their own relationships. These findings suggest that repartnering spans generations and that researchers should investigate potential positive, and negative implications of parental repartnering on adult outcomes.
	Bibliography Citation Bartholomew, Kyle R. and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "New Evidence for the Intergenerational Transmission of Family Instability." Presented: San Diego CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April-May 2015.

7.	Brown, Rachel R. Kamp Dush, Claire M.
7.	Reciprocal Associations Between Marital Timing Expectations and Changing Economic and Relationship Circumstances in Cohabiting Individuals Presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2016 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Age at First Marriage; Cohabitation; Expectations/Intentions; Marriage Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Whereas many cohabitors may believe that they will marry their partners one day, there may be identifiable barriers that prevent them from marrying. If these conditions improved, cohabiting individuals might be more certain of marriage. Symbolic Interaction Theory would posit that individuals may change their expectations of marriage as context changes. Conversely, Marital Horizon Theory would predict that those who hope to marry sooner change behavior to make marriage more attainable and likely. This study examined how changes in marital expectations both predicted and were predicted by changes in circumstances--both economic and relational--using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Child and Young Adult Cohort. We found at least marginal support for both theoretical explanations, so continued analyses prior to the conference will clarify the association between marital expectations and circumstances through additional variables, models, and breakdowns by gender, age, and socioeconomic status.
	Bibliography Citation Brown, Rachel R. and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "Reciprocal Associations Between Marital Timing Expectations and Changing Economic and Relationship Circumstances in Cohabiting Individuals." Presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2016.

8.	Brown, Rachel R. Kamp Dush, Claire M.
8.	The Intergenerational Transmission of Marital Expectations and Age at First Marriage: Evidence from Mothers and Children in the NLSY79 and NLSY79 Young Adults Presented: San Diego CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April-May 2015 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Age at First Marriage; Cohabitation; Expectations/Intentions; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Parents' own marital timing desires and their age at first marriage may be associated with their offspring's marital timing desires and the timing of their own first unions. Understanding the determinants of marital timing is critical because it has implications for marital functioning and divorce; an earlier age at marriage is associated with increased risk of divorce. We examine the intergenerational transmission of marital timing desires and age at first marriage in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort (N = 1501 women) and 1979 Child and Young Adult cohort (N = 2177 biological offspring of the 1979 cohort). Preliminary analyses showed that both mothers' desires to marry late, measured when she was in adolescence/emerging adulthood, and mothers' later age of marriage were significantly associated with their offspring's later desired age of marriage. Next, we plan to examine the offspring's age at first marriage and cohabitation as outcomes.
	Bibliography Citation Brown, Rachel R. and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Marital Expectations and Age at First Marriage: Evidence from Mothers and Children in the NLSY79 and NLSY79 Young Adults." Presented: San Diego CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April-May 2015.

Hart, Sara A.
Petrill, Stephen A.
Kamp Dush, Claire M.

Genetic Influences on Language, Reading, and Mathematic Skills in a National Sample: A Selected and Unselected Analysis in the NLSY
Presented: Louisville, KY, Annual Meeting of the Behavior Genetics Association, June 26-28, 2008.
Also: http://lshss.asha.org/cgi/reprint/41/1/118?ijkey=72bf52fdbfd68dd537ae3bf81e670a1445d9c1a8
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Behavior Genetics Association
Keyword(s): Genetics; Kinship; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Siblings

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Purpose: The present study is an examination of the genetic effects in both a selected and unselected sample across multiple domains of cognitive achievement. Furthermore, this study uses a largely representative population sample of children to determine if the conclusions from twin and adoption studies can be generalized.

Methods: A kinship algorithm which assigned degree of genetic relatedness to all available pairings (Rodgers et al. Intelligence 19:157–177, 1994) was applied to the 1994 wave of the National Survey of Youth Children's sample. Four cognitive achievement outcomes related to language, reading and mathematics were analyzed across the general sample, as well as for children selected below the lowest 20%tile.

Results: The tests of receptive vocabulary, decoding, reading comprehension and mathematics all suggested estimates of group heritability and full sample heritability of moderate effect sizes, and all estimates were significant. Furthermore, all estimates were within standard errors of previously reported estimates from twin and adoption studies. Conclusions The present study gives support for significant genetic effects across low and wide range of specific achievement. Moreover, this study supports that genetic influences on reading, language, and mathematics are generalizable beyond twin and adoption studies.

Bibliography Citation

Hart, Sara A., Stephen A. Petrill and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "Genetic Influences on Language, Reading, and Mathematic Skills in a National Sample: A Selected and Unselected Analysis in the NLSY." Presented: Louisville, KY, Annual Meeting of the Behavior Genetics Association, June 26-28, 2008.

10.	Hart, Sara A. Petrill, Stephen A. Kamp Dush, Claire M.
10.	Genetic Influences on Language, Reading, and Mathematics Skills in a National Sample: An Analysis Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools 41,1 (January 2010): 118-128. Also: http://lshss.asha.org/content/vol41/issue1/index.dtl Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Keyword(s): Genetics; Kinship; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. PURPOSE: The present study had two purposes: provide an illustration of use of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children's (CNLSY; U.S. Department of Labor, 2009) database and use the database to seek convergent evidence regarding the magnitude and significance of genetic effects influencing low and typical performers on measures of language, reading, and mathematics. METHODS: A kinship algorithm that assigned a degree of genetic relatedness to all available pairings was applied to the 1994 wave of the CNLSY sample. Four cognitive achievement outcomes related to language, reading, and mathematics were analyzed across the general sample as well as for children selected below the lowest 20(th) percentile. RESULTS: The tests of receptive vocabulary, decoding, reading comprehension, and mathematics all suggested estimates of group heritability and full sample heritability of moderate effect sizes, and all estimates were statistically significant. Furthermore, all estimates were within confidence intervals of previously reported estimates from twin and adoption studies. CONCLUSION: The present study provides additional support for significant genetic effects across low and wide ranges of specific achievement. Moreover, this study supports that genetic influences on reading, language, and mathematics are generalizable beyond twin and adoption studies.
	Bibliography Citation Hart, Sara A., Stephen A. Petrill and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "Genetic Influences on Language, Reading, and Mathematics Skills in a National Sample: An Analysis Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools 41,1 (January 2010): 118-128.

11.	Kamp Dush, Claire M.
11.	Association Between Change and Stability in the Family of Origin and Mental Health across the Transition to Adulthood Presented: Ithaca, NY, Cornell University, Evolving Family Conference: Marriage and Family Complexities and Perspectives, April 7-8, 2006 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Institute for the Social Sciences - Cornell University Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Cohabitation; Family Formation; Home Environment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Parents, Single Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Mothers in contemporary families move in and out of romantic relationships – including marriage and cohabitation – over their children's youth and beyond. This paper will examine how change and stability in the family of origin impacts children's mental health in adolescence and longitudinally into young adulthood. Specifically, this paper extends previous research by examining multiple types of transitions, including divorce and cohabitation dissolution, as well as the number of transitions, and also by examining mental health not only in adolescence but across the transition to adulthood.
	Bibliography Citation Kamp Dush, Claire M. "Association Between Change and Stability in the Family of Origin and Mental Health across the Transition to Adulthood." Presented: Ithaca, NY, Cornell University, Evolving Family Conference: Marriage and Family Complexities and Perspectives, April 7-8, 2006.

12.	Kamp Dush, Claire M.
12.	Change in Young Adult Union Formation and Dissolution over Twenty Years: A Cohort Comparison Using the National Longitudinal Surveys Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Coresidence; Marital Dissolution; Marriage; Socioeconomic Background Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using data from the 1979 and 1997 cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I compare union experiences in young adulthood for two cohorts, approximately twenty years apart. I find that the NLSY79 sample was less likely to survive to age 29 without having entered a union, compared to the NLSY97 sample. The magnitude of the difference was about 0.06. However, I find that the NLSY97 are much more likely to enter a cohabiting union, while the NLSY79 was more likely to enter a marital union. For the conference, I plan to compare the duration of first unions by cohort, and specifically for cohabitation, I plan to examine the duration and outcomes (marriage or breakup) for cohabitation. Race and social class differences will be discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Kamp Dush, Claire M. "Change in Young Adult Union Formation and Dissolution over Twenty Years: A Cohort Comparison Using the National Longitudinal Surveys." Presented: Washington, DC, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 31-April 2, 2011.

13.	Kamp Dush, Claire M. Arocho, Rachel Mernitz, Sara E. Bartholomew, Kyle R.
13.	The Intergenerational Transmission of Partnering PLoS ONE published online (13 November 2018): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205732. Also: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205732 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: PLOS Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Divorce; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Marital Status; Modeling, Poisson (IRT–ZIP); Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. As divorce and cohabitation dissolution in the US have increased, partnering has expanded to the point that sociologists describe a merry-go-round of partners in American families. Could one driver of the increase in the number of partners be an intergenerational transmission of partnering? We discuss three theoretical perspectives on potential mechanisms that would underlie an intergenerational transmission of partnering: the transmission of economic hardship, the transmission of marriageable characteristics and relationship skills, and the transmission of relationship commitment. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Child and Young Adult study (NLSY79 CYA) and their mothers in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), we examined the intergenerational transmission of partnering, including both marital and cohabitating unions, using prospective measures of family and economic instability as well as exploiting sibling data to try to identify potential mechanisms. Even after controlling for maternal demographic characteristics and socioeconomic factors, the number of maternal partners was positively associated with offspring's number of partners. Hybrid sibling Poisson regression models that examined sibling differential experiences of maternal partners indicated that there were no differences between siblings who witnessed more or fewer maternal partners. Overall, results suggested that the transmission of poor marriageable characteristics and relationship skills from mother to child may warrant additional attention as a potential mechanism through which the number of partners continues across generations.
	Bibliography Citation Kamp Dush, Claire M., Rachel Arocho, Sara E. Mernitz and Kyle R. Bartholomew. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Partnering." PLoS ONE published online (13 November 2018): DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205732.

14.	Kamp Dush, Claire M. Dunifon, Rachel
14.	The Family Structure Experiences of Children in Single Mother Families Presented: Detroit, MI, Population Association of America Meetings, April-May 2009. Also: http://paa2009.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=91085 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Family Structure; Home Environment; Household Composition; Marriage Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using merged mother-child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we examine the family structure experiences of children born to single (unmarried and not cohabiting) mothers up to age 10. Specifically, we examine the probability that such children remain with a single mother vs. entering one or more cohabiting or marital unions. For those children whose mothers do enter unions, we examine whether the union was marital vs. cohabiting, as well as distinguish between unions with children's biological fathers vs. those with step-fathers. Finally, we consider the duration of such unions. We perform all analyses separately by race and ethnicity. In doing so, we take a child-based perspective, over a long period of time, to examine stability and change among children born to single mothers in the United States.
	Bibliography Citation Kamp Dush, Claire M. and Rachel Dunifon. "The Family Structure Experiences of Children in Single Mother Families." Presented: Detroit, MI, Population Association of America Meetings, April-May 2009.

15.	Kamp Dush, Claire M. Dunifon, Rachel
15.	Unexamined Stable Family: An Examination of Child Well-Being in Stable-Single Parent Families Presented: New York, NY, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 29-31, 2007. Also: http://paa2007.princeton.edu/abstractViewer.aspx?submissionId=71406 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Family Formation; Home Environment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Parents, Single; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We find in an analysis of a merged mother-child NLSY79-C dataset that after controlling for characteristics of the child, mother, and family, children of married parents reported higher quality home environments and higher math and reading scores than children living with stable-single (never married or cohabited) mothers. Further, children born to cohabiting parents who either remain cohabiting or eventually marry were in homes with better environments than children living with stable-single mothers, but these unions did not appear to benefit children in terms of behavior or academic outcomes. We also find that unions, regardless of type, appear to benefit children who were born to single mothers in terms of their home environment and math scores. Even after these unions dissolve, children living with their newly single mother who has previously experienced a union still have higher math and reading scores than children still living with their stable-single mother.
	Bibliography Citation Kamp Dush, Claire M. and Rachel Dunifon. "Unexamined Stable Family: An Examination of Child Well-Being in Stable-Single Parent Families." Presented: New York, NY, Population Association of America Annual Meetings, March 29-31, 2007.

16.	Kamp Dush, Claire M. Jang, Bohyun Snyder, Anastasia R.
16.	A Cohort Comparison of Predictors of Young Adult Union Formation and Dissolution in the US Advances in Life Course Research 38 (December 2018): 37-49. Also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104026081830056X Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Marital Dissolution; Marital History/Transitions; Marriage; Socioeconomic Status (SES) The theory of the second demographic transition argues that as educated Americans began valuing self-actualization and individual autonomy, delays in union formation spread through the US. The accelerated adulthood theory suggests that socioeconomic disadvantage distinguishes young adulthood such that those with fewer resources have shorter, more informal (i.e. cohabitation) unions, and those with more resources delay but achieve marriage and have greater union stability. We use two large, nationally representative samples of young adults collected about twenty years apart, the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979 and 1997 cohorts to examine cohort differences in union formation and dissolution and test interaction effects in demographic and socioeconomic correlates. We found that the NLSY97 cohort 1) entered into unions earlier than the NLSY79 cohort, 2) entered direct marriage (marriage without premarital cohabitation) later than the NLSY79 cohort, and 3) entered cohabiting unions earlier than the NLSY79 cohort. A greater proportion of young adults in the NLSY97 cohort dissolved their first union between ages 16 and 30. We found that socioeconomically disadvantaged young adults had earlier unions by some indicators (e.g. lower maternal education) and later unions by other indicators (e.g. unemployment) in both cohorts. We also found that in both cohorts, socioeconomic disadvantage undermined union stability. We also found evidence for interaction effects; some indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g. income, employment, and maternal education) had exacerbated effects on union formation and stability in the NLSY97 as compared to the NLSY79 cohorts perhaps because inequality grew over the twenty years between cohorts.
	Bibliography Citation Kamp Dush, Claire M., Bohyun Jang and Anastasia R. Snyder. "A Cohort Comparison of Predictors of Young Adult Union Formation and Dissolution in the US." Advances in Life Course Research 38 (December 2018): 37-49.

17.	Mernitz, Sara E. Kamp Dush, Claire M.
17.	Emotional Health Across the Transition to First and Second Unions Among Emerging Adults Journal of Family Psychology 30,2 (March 2016): 233-244. Also: http://psycnet.apa.org/psycarticles/2015-47616-001 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA) Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Gender Differences; Health, Mental/Psychological; Marital History/Transitions; Marriage; Modeling, Fixed Effects The link between romantic relationships and emotional health has been extensively examined and suggests that marriage provides more emotional health benefits than cohabiting or dating relationships. However, the contemporary context of intimate relationships has changed and these associations warrant reexamination among emerging adults in the 2000s. We examined the change in emotional health across the entrance into first and second unions, including cohabiting unions, direct marriage (marriage without premarital cohabitation), and marriage preceded by cohabitation. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997, a nationally representative panel study of youth born between 1980 and 1984 in the United States, pooled fixed-effects regression models indicated that entrance into first cohabiting unions and direct marriages, and all second unions, were significantly associated with reduced emotional distress. Gender differences were found for first unions only; for men, only direct marriage was associated with an emotional health benefit, while both direct marriage and cohabitation benefited women's emotional health. (PsycINFO Database Record © 2015 APA, all rights reserved)
	Bibliography Citation Mernitz, Sara E. and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "Emotional Health Across the Transition to First and Second Unions Among Emerging Adults." Journal of Family Psychology 30,2 (March 2016): 233-244.

18.	Sandberg-Thoma, Sara Kamp Dush, Claire M.
18.	Serial Cohabitation and Depressive Symptoms in Emerging Adulthood Presented: New Orleans LA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2013 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Depression (see also CESD); Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The prevalence of serial cohabitation has increased within the United States; additionally, the rates of serial cohabitation, or cohabiting with more than one partner, have also risen. However, serial cohabitation may have adverse emotional health consequences. In general, cohabitation has been associated with mental health declines, yet serial cohabitation may be driving this effect. Using a contemporary sample of emerging adults, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97; n = 7,528), we examine the influence of serial cohabitation on depressive symptoms. Pooled fixed effects regressions indicated that serial cohabitation is associated with decreased depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the cumulative number of serial cohabitations did moderate the association between experiencing a specific cohabitation transition (from no reported cohabiting unions to one cohabitation, and from one cohabitation to two cohabitations)and depressive symptoms; future cohabitations did magnify the association between each single cohabitation transition and depressive symptoms.
	Bibliography Citation Sandberg-Thoma, Sara and Claire M. Kamp Dush. "Serial Cohabitation and Depressive Symptoms in Emerging Adulthood." Presented: New Orleans LA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2013.

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