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Author: Less, Lawrence L.

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1.	Morgan, William R. Parnes, Herbert S. Less, Lawrence L.
1.	Leisure Activities and Social Networks In: Retirement Among American Men. H.S. Parnes, ed. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1985: pp. 119-145 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Jossey-Bass Keyword(s): Leisure; Retirement/Retirement Planning Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation Morgan, William R., Herbert S. Parnes and Lawrence L. Less. "Leisure Activities and Social Networks" In: Retirement Among American Men. H.S. Parnes, ed. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1985: pp. 119-145

2.	Parnes, Herbert S. Crowley, Joan E. Haurin, R. Jean Less, Lawrence L.
2.	Retirement Among American Men Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1984 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Early Retirement; Earnings; Education; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Job Satisfaction; Life Satisfaction; Retirement/Retirement Planning Published as: Retirement Among American Men, Lexington MA: Lexington Books, 1985. This is also the six volume of a series.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S., Joan E. Crowley, R. Jean Haurin and Lawrence L. Less. Retirement Among American Men. Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1984.

3.	Parnes, Herbert S. Crowley, Joan E. Haurin, R. Jean Less, Lawrence L. Mott, Frank L. Morgan, William R. Nestel, Gilbert
3.	Retirement Among American Men Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1985 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Jossey-Bass Keyword(s): Early Retirement; Earnings; Education; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Job Satisfaction; Life Satisfaction; Mortality; Retirees; Retirement/Retirement Planning Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Fifteen years of data from a nationally representative sample of men age 45-59 in 1966 show that by 1981 most had retired. One third of all retirements and almost half of those by black men were caused by poor health; fewer than five percent of retirees were forced from their jobs by mandatory plans; about 10 percent of retirees were forced from their jobs by mandatory plans; about 10 percent left the labor market in discouragement due to labor market adversity. Most retirements, however, are voluntary, and most take place before age 65. Trends in mortality differentials show that general improvements in health and medical care have benefited all groups, especially the chronically ill. The data highlight a trend toward early retirement in the 1960s and 1970s and show that only 30 percent of retirements actually took place at the age men expected when asked at age 59. Economic well being, leisure activities and social interactions, psychological and physical well being are examined. The experience of the minority who continue to work beyond the normal retirement age is also analyzed. Introduction and overview / Herbert S. Parnes and Lawrence J. Less -- Factors affecting mortality in the years surrounding retirement / Frank L. Mott and R. Jean Haurin -- The volume and pattern of retirements, 1966-1981 / Herbert S. Parnes and Lawrence J. Less -- Retirement expectation and the timing of retirement / Gilbert Nestel -- Economic well-being in retirement / Herbert S. Parnes and Lawrence J. Less -- Leisure activities and social networks / William R. Morgan, Herbert S. Parnes, and Lawrence J. Less -- Longitudinal effects of retirement on men's psychological and physical well-being / Joan E. Crowley -- Shunning retirement : the experience of full-time workers / Herbert S. Parnes and Lawrence J. Less.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S., Joan E. Crowley, R. Jean Haurin, Lawrence L. Less, Frank L. Mott, William R. Morgan and Gilbert Nestel. Retirement Among American Men. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1985.

4.	Parnes, Herbert S. Less, Lawrence L.
4.	From Work to Retirement: The Experience of a National Sample of Men Special Report to the U.S. Department of Labor, Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1983 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Leisure; Life Satisfaction; Retirees; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Well-Being Based upon 1966-1980 data from the NLS of Older Men, this monograph: (1) explores the effect of alternative definitions of retirement on the numbers and characteristics of retirees; (2) examines economic aspects of life after retirement, including the extent and character of post-retirement labor market activity and the level and sources of post-retirement income; and (3) analyzes several social-psychological facets of retirement, including post-retirement leisure activities, the determinants of psychological well-being of retirees, and the impact of retirement on level of life satisfaction. The relation between retirement and life satisfaction is found to vary depending upon the specification of the multivariate model.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S. and Lawrence L. Less. "From Work to Retirement: The Experience of a National Sample of Men." Special Report to the U.S. Department of Labor, Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1983.

5.	Parnes, Herbert S. Less, Lawrence L.
5.	Variation in Selected Forms of Leisure Activity Among Elderly Males In: Current Perspectives on Aging and the Life Cycle, Volume 1: Work, Retirement, and Social Policy. Z. Blau, ed. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1985: pp. 223-242 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: JAI Press, Inc. Keyword(s): Leisure; Occupational Status; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Time Use Based on 1978 data collected from the Older Men's cohort, this study uses both tabular and multivariate analysis to explore factors associated with variations in patterns of leisure time activity of retired and nonretired members of the sample. Six forms of leisure activity are covered: exercise, reading, hobbies, home maintenance, visiting, and volunteer work. Systematic relationships are found between the extent of leisure time activity and other characteristics of the men. As would be expected, retired men devote more time than nonretired men to the specified activities. Health, occupational level, and family income all bear positive relationships to the pursuit of leisure time activity. The fact that occupational level and family income have independent effects suggests that the type of work men do is related to leisure pursuits not only through income but through the character of interests associated with different occupational levels.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S. and Lawrence L. Less. "Variation in Selected Forms of Leisure Activity Among Elderly Males" In: Current Perspectives on Aging and the Life Cycle, Volume 1: Work, Retirement, and Social Policy. Z. Blau, ed. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1985: pp. 223-242

6.	Parnes, Herbert S. Less, Lawrence L. Nestel, Gilbert
6.	Work and Retirement Data: National Longitudinal Surveys of Middle-Aged and Older Men 1966-1976 Working Paper, Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 1980 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Household Income; Job Satisfaction; Marital Status; Migration; Mobility, Interfirm; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Work Attitudes The National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Behavior permits the examination of how the status and characteristics of the same group of individuals change over time. About 150 statistical tables are presented from the NLS of Older Men, a national sample of men who were between 55 and 69 years of age in l976. The data provided serve a wide range of interests on the part of researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners in the human resource field.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S., Lawrence L. Less and Gilbert Nestel. "Work and Retirement Data: National Longitudinal Surveys of Middle-Aged and Older Men 1966-1976." Working Paper, Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 1980.

7.	Parnes, Herbert S. Nestel, Gilbert Less, Lawrence L.
7.	The National Longitudinal Surveys Ten-Year Data Book for Middle-Aged and Older Men, 1966-1976 Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1980 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Behavior; Demography; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Mobility; Schooling, Post-secondary; Training, Post-School; Work Attitudes; Work Experience This monograph contains about 150 tables that summarize the current status and prior life experience of a representative sample of men who at the time of reinterview in 1976 were between 55 and 69 years of age. Only limited analysis of the content of each of these tables is included. Separate distributions are provided for each of three-age categories and for two racial groups. The tables are further categorized into two major types. The first set contains a demographic profile of the men at the time of their initial interviews in 1966 and summarize their backgrounds, prior work experiences, attitudes toward work, health status, and characteristics of their 1966 survey week jobs. The second set is more extensive and includes two sections for each table. The first part of the table summarizes the experiences of the same group of men in 1966, 1971 and 1976 and provides information about their behavior as they age five and ten years. The second part controls for the age of the respondent and asks whether the behavior differs at two to three points in time. At issue is whether the behavior varies for the same age cohort over time. Among the characteristics studied are marital and family attributes, extent of post- school training, mobility measures (geographic, employer, occupational), attitudes toward retirement, survey week status, and characteristics of survey week job.
	Bibliography Citation Parnes, Herbert S., Gilbert Nestel and Lawrence L. Less. The National Longitudinal Surveys Ten-Year Data Book for Middle-Aged and Older Men, 1966-1976. Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1980.

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