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Source: Rural Sociological Society

Resulting in 6 citations.

1.	Bhola, Jacqueline Taylor
1.	Occupational Mobility and Earnings of Male Workers: Metro and Nonmetro Comparisons Presented: San Francisco, CA, Meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, 1982 Cohort(s): Older Men, Young Men Publisher: Rural Sociological Society Keyword(s): Earnings; Employment; Mobility; Mobility, Occupational; Rural Sociology; Rural/Urban Differences; Rural/Urban Migration Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. During the 1970s, the rate of employment growth in nonmetropolitan areas was higher than in metropolitan areas. Employment growth usually provides opportunities for occupational mobility, which can lead to higher earnings. Using the NLS of Older and Young Men, the occupational structure of nonmetropolitan and metropolitan areas in 1971 and 1976 is compared. Occupational mobility patterns of these two cohorts from both areas are analyzed, examining the relationship between occupational mobility and earnings. Transition matrices and regression analysis are used to show that nonmetropolitan residents change occupations more often than metropolitan residents. While occupational changers generally have lower earnings than nonchangers, other factors are important in the determination of earnings. These factors (race, age, education, and occupation) may alter general conclusions about the impact of occupational mobility on wage determination.
	Bibliography Citation Bhola, Jacqueline Taylor. "Occupational Mobility and Earnings of Male Workers: Metro and Nonmetro Comparisons." Presented: San Francisco, CA, Meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, 1982.

2.	Rhea, Victoria A. Stinner, William F. Toney, Michael B.
2.	Poverty and Migration Among Metropolitan Young Adults: Race and Gender Sine Loco, SL, Rural Sociological Society, 1988 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Rural Sociological Society Keyword(s): Behavior; Gender Differences; Migration; Mobility; Mobility, Economic; Poverty; Racial Differences; Rural Sociology; Rural Youth; Rural/Urban Migration Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The relationship between migration behavior and economic mobility of poor and nonpoor nonmetropolitan youth is examined using data from the NLSY. The empirical analysis centers on respondents aged 18+ who are in the adult labor force. Within the poor and nonpoor groupings, gender and racial/ethnic differences are examined. While migration seems to have no effect on change in poverty status, it does have an effect for whites and for females. Although the effect for whites is positive, the effect for females can be either positive or negative. [Sociological Abstracts, Inc.]
	Bibliography Citation Rhea, Victoria A., William F. Stinner and Michael B. Toney. "Poverty and Migration Among Metropolitan Young Adults: Race and Gender." Sine Loco, SL, Rural Sociological Society, 1988.

3.	Rieger, J. H. Keil, Thomas J.
3.	Rural Manpower Resources and the Migration Turnaround Presented: San Francisco, CA, Meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, 1978 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Rural Sociological Society Keyword(s): Migration; Mobility; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Rural Sociology; Rural/Urban Differences; Rural/Urban Migration; Urban and Regional Planning; Urbanization/Urban Living Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The focus of this paper is on the population turnaround in United States nonmetropolitan areas, specifically, the characteristics of young metropolitan migrants as compared to their resident age peers in rural areas. Using the data from the NLS of Young Men, rural migrants are compared with two classes of in-migrants: (1) "return migrants", persons of rural origin who left for metropolitan areas but had returned by 1973; and (2) "new migrants", persons of urban origin who were living in nonmetropolitan areas in 1973. Using Multiple Classification Analysis, the main effects of the following variables are examined: age, region, race, marital status, social position of family of origin, educational and occupational attainment, industry of employment, socioeconomic and educational mobility. Findings include that both classes of migrants tend to come from advantaged backgrounds and show higher educational and occupational attainments than do natives in rural areas. The migrants are found less frequently in traditional nonmetropolitan industries and more frequently in manufacturing and other industries that are decentralizing.
	Bibliography Citation Rieger, J. H. and Thomas J. Keil. "Rural Manpower Resources and the Migration Turnaround." Presented: San Francisco, CA, Meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, 1978.

4.	Toney, Michael B. Stinner, William F. Pitcher, Brian L.
4.	A Test of the Axiom of Cumulative Inertia across Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Settings Presented: San Francisco, CA, Meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, 1982 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Rural Sociological Society Keyword(s): Life Cycle Research; Migration; Residence; Rural Sociology; Rural/Urban Differences; Rural/Urban Migration Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Little research has included place attributes as a factor in analysis of the relationship between duration of residence and migration. Yet most migration theories portray migration as largely a response to place attributes. This paper examines one of the most important place attributes: metropolitan/nonmetropolitan classification. Life cycle status, education, employment status, occupational status, parents' socioeconomic status, and size of place of residence at age 14 are also considered. Using data from the NLS of Young Men, the results yield further evidence in support of the "axiom of cumulative inertia." Within both settings, migration propensities decline as duration of residence increases. However, comparison of duration of residence-specific propensities of SMSA and non-SMSA residents reveals similar propensities at all durations except the shortest. This finding is somewhat surprising since much literature suggests that integrating into nonmetropolitan communities should occur more readily.
	Bibliography Citation Toney, Michael B., William F. Stinner and Brian L. Pitcher. "A Test of the Axiom of Cumulative Inertia across Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Settings." Presented: San Francisco, CA, Meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, 1982.

5.	Wenk, Deeann L.
5.	A Residential Comparison of Women's Earnings and Types of Child Care Arrangement Working Paper, University of Oklahoma, 1989 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Rural Sociological Society Keyword(s): Child Care; Geographical Variation; Rural Sociology; Rural/Urban Differences; Urban and Regional Planning Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Presented: Seattle WA: Rural Sociological Society, 1989 The availability of child care services in nonmetropolitan areas is becoming an increasingly important issue because of the rising rates of labor force participation among rural women. While recent studies have shown a greater reliance on relatives for care versus day care centers in rural than in urban areas, reasons for the differences have not been fully explored. What variations in the types of child care exist and how they are related to women's wage rates are examined using data from the National Longitudinal Survey Merged Child/Mother File (sample = 1,163 children aged 3-5 born to a cohort of mothers aged 15-21 in 1979). Multinomial logistic analysis is used to estimate the effects of residence, household, and individual characteristics on type of care. The results have implications for women's employment and the availability of center care for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. [Sociological Abstracts, Inc.]
	Bibliography Citation Wenk, Deeann L. "A Residential Comparison of Women's Earnings and Types of Child Care Arrangement." Working Paper, University of Oklahoma, 1989.

6.	Wenk, Deeann L. Hardesty, Constance L.
6.	Persistent Poverty and Rural Residence Among Young Adults Presented: Columbus, OH, Meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, 1991 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Rural Sociological Society Keyword(s): Geographical Variation; Hispanics; Poverty; Racial Differences; Residence; Rural Areas; Rural Youth; Rural/Urban Differences; Rural/Urban Migration; Unemployment Rate; Urban and Regional Planning Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Changes in poverty status and residence between 1979 and 1984 are examined for a cohort of men and women ages 14-21 in 1979, using data from the NLSY. This probability sample includes an overrepresentation of African Americans, Hispanics, and economically disadvantaged whites. It is demonstrated that examining residence at one point in time can distort the estimate of the persistence of poverty by region. The results suggest that both persistent poverty and persistent wealth are more common among long-term urban than among long-term rural residents, but that poverty is more pervasive among those living in rural areas. [Sociological Abstracts, Inc.]
	Bibliography Citation Wenk, Deeann L. and Constance L. Hardesty. "Persistent Poverty and Rural Residence Among Young Adults." Presented: Columbus, OH, Meetings of the Rural Sociological Society, 1991.

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