Search Results

Author: Massoglia, Michael
Resulting in 9 citations.
1. Firebaugh, Glenn
Warner, Cody
Massoglia, Michael
Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and Hybrid Models for Causal Analysis
In: Handbook of Causal Analysis for Social Research. S. Morgan, ed., New York: Springer, 2013: 113-132
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Springer
Keyword(s): Modeling; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Modeling, Random Effects

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Longitudinal data are becoming increasingly common in social science research. In this chapter, we discuss methods for exploiting the features of longitudinal data to study causal effects. The methods we discuss are broadly termed fixed effects and random effects models. We begin by discussing some of the advantages of fixed effects models over traditional regression approaches and then present a basic notation for the fixed effects model. This notation serves also as a baseline for introducing the random effects model, a common alternative to the fixed effects approach. After comparing fixed effects and random effects models – paying particular attention to their underlying assumptions – we describe hybrid models that combine attractive features of each. To provide a deeper understanding of these models, and to help researchers determine the most appropriate approach to use when analyzing longitudinal data, we provide three empirical examples. We also briefly discuss several extensions of fixed/random effects models. We conclude by suggesting additional literature that readers may find helpful.
Bibliography Citation
Firebaugh, Glenn, Cody Warner and Michael Massoglia. "Fixed Effects, Random Effects, and Hybrid Models for Causal Analysis" In: Handbook of Causal Analysis for Social Research. S. Morgan, ed., New York: Springer, 2013: 113-132
2. Massoglia, Michael
Incarceration as Exposure: The Prison, Infectious Disease, and Other Stress-Related Illnesses
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 49,1 (March 2008): 56-71.
Also: http://hsb.sagepub.com/content/49/1/56.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Health Factors; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Illnesses; Incarceration/Jail; Stress

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This article examines the relationship between incarceration and health functioning. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the relationship between incarceration and more than 20 different measures of health are tested. Using multiple analytic procedures, a distinctive pattern of association emerges. Individuals with a history of incarceration appear consistently more likely to be afflicted with infectious disease and other illnesses associated with stress. In contrast, no consistent relationships were observed between incarceration status and ailments unrelated to stress or infectious disease. The results suggest that exposure to infectious disease and stress are important to understanding the lasting impact of incarceration on health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health & Social Behavior is the property of American Sociological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)

Bibliography Citation
Massoglia, Michael. "Incarceration as Exposure: The Prison, Infectious Disease, and Other Stress-Related Illnesses." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 49,1 (March 2008): 56-71.
3. Massoglia, Michael
Incarceration, Health, and Racial Disparities in Health.
Law and Society Review 42,2 (June 2008): 275-306
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online
Keyword(s): Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Incarceration/Jail; Racial Differences

This article addresses two basic questions. First, it examines whether incarceration has a lasting impact on health functioning. Second, because blacks are more likely than whites to be exposed to the negative effects of the penal system--including fractured social bonds, reduced labor market prospects, and high levels of infectious disease--it considers whether the penal system contributes to racial health disparities. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and both regression and propensity matching estimators, the article empirically demonstrates a significant relationship between incarceration and later health status. More specifically, incarceration exerts lasting effects on midlife health functioning. In addition, this analysis finds that, due primarily to disproportionate rates of incarceration, the penal system plays a role in perpetuating racial differences in midlife physical health functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law & Society Review is the property of Blackwell Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts)

Bibliography Citation
Massoglia, Michael. "Incarceration, Health, and Racial Disparities in Health." Law and Society Review 42,2 (June 2008): 275-306.
4. Massoglia, Michael
Mid-Life Health Consequences of Crime and Punishment
Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota, December 2005
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT)
Keyword(s): Health Factors; Health, Mental/Psychological; Heterogeneity; Incarceration/Jail; Modeling; Punishment, Criminal; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This dissertation has two basic aims. First, it examines the relationship between incarceration and mid-life mental and physical health functioning. Next, it considers whether the penal system contributes to racial health disparities. The conceptual and analytical models of health functioning are drawn from various theoretical traditions, including criminology, medical and life course sociology, and social stratification. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are used to estimate (1) correlational models establishing baseline incarceration effects on mental and physical health, (2) regression models assessing the effect of incarceration on mental and physical health, (3) regression models assessing the impact of incarceration on racial inequalities in physical health, and (4) propensity score models of the treatment effect of incarceration on mental and physical health.

Three main findings emerge from the analysis. First, incarceration is a powerful predictor of mid-life mental and physical health functioning. Second, these effects are evident in models that account for the non-random nature of incarceration. That is, even when models are employed to correct for sample heterogeneity, the significant physical and mental health effects remain. Finally, the results indicate that incarceration contributes to racial inequalities in physical health. When incarceration is included in models estimating physical health functioning, racial differences in health become non-significant.

A variety of factors come together to explain these findings. First, incarceration fractures social bonds associated with health functioning. Additionally, incarceration lowers the likelihood of gainful wages and depresses wages. Furthermore, incarceration exposes individuals to high levels of infectious diseases and stress. Finally, most ex-inmates find themselves near the bottom of the social hierarchy, making it difficult for them to fully control their lives and participate in society upon release.

These factors, with two additional considerations, also explain how incarceration contributes to racial inequalities in physical health. First, relative to whites, blacks are much more likely to be incarcerated and, therefore, more likely to be exposed to the negative health effects of the penal system. Second, it appears more difficult for blacks than whites to reestablish social bonds to social institutions that protect or enhance physical health.

Bibliography Citation
Massoglia, Michael. Mid-Life Health Consequences of Crime and Punishment. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota, December 2005.
5. Massoglia, Michael
Firebaugh, Glenn
Warner, Cody
Racial Variation in the Effect of Incarceration on Neighborhood Attainment
American Sociological Review 78,1 (February 2013): 142-165.
Also: http://asr.sagepub.com/content/78/1/142.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Geocoded Data; Incarceration/Jail; Neighborhood Effects; Racial Differences; Residence

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Each year, more than 700,000 convicted offenders are released from prison and reenter neighborhoods across the country. Prior studies have found that minority ex-inmates tend to reside in more disadvantaged neighborhoods than do white ex-inmates. However, because these studies do not control for pre-prison neighborhood conditions, we do not know how much (if any) of this racial variation is due to arrest and incarceration, or if these observed findings simply reflect existing racial residential inequality. Using a nationally representative dataset that tracks individuals over time, we find that only whites live in significantly more disadvantaged neighborhoods after prison than prior to prison. Blacks and Hispanics do not, nor do all groups (whites, blacks, and Hispanics) as a whole live in worse neighborhoods after prison. We attribute this racial variation in the effect of incarceration to the high degree of racial neighborhood inequality in the United States: because white offenders generally come from much better neighborhoods, they have much more to lose from a prison spell. In addition to advancing our understanding of the social consequences of the expansion of the prison population, these findings demonstrate the importance of controlling for pre-prison characteristics when investigating the effects of incarceration on residential outcomes.
Bibliography Citation
Massoglia, Michael, Glenn Firebaugh and Cody Warner. "Racial Variation in the Effect of Incarceration on Neighborhood Attainment." American Sociological Review 78,1 (February 2013): 142-165.
6. Massoglia, Michael
Firebaugh, Glenn
Warner, Cody
Where Do They Live Now? Racial Variation in the Effect of Incarceration on Neighborhood Disadvantage
Presented: Washington DC, Population Assocation of America Meetings, March-April 2011
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Geocoded Data; Incarceration/Jail; Mobility, Residential; Neighborhood Effects; Racial Differences; Residence

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The expansion of the penal state has been one of the most dramatic developments in contemporary American Society. Current estimates suggest that one of every 100 American adults is now incarcerated, and each year more than 700,000 individuals are released from prison, numbers that represent a five-fold increase from just a few decades earlier. This dramatic expansion spurred a wealth of research which has focused on the detrimental impact incarceration has on a range of life course outcomes including employment, wages, health, and marital stability. Notably missing from this literature is a systematic examination of the potential impact that incarceration has on the communities to which ex-inmates return following their release from prison. Using nationally representative panel data, this study begins to fill this empirical gap by examining the relationship between incarceration and levels of neighborhood disadvantage. Controlling for neighborhood of origin, we find that upon release incarceration is associated with residence in more disadvantaged neighborhoods, especially for white ex-inmates. These findings have direct implications for understanding the social consequences of the expansion of the penal state as well as the patterns of residential mobility and disadvantage.
Bibliography Citation
Massoglia, Michael, Glenn Firebaugh and Cody Warner. "Where Do They Live Now? Racial Variation in the Effect of Incarceration on Neighborhood Disadvantage." Presented: Washington DC, Population Assocation of America Meetings, March-April 2011.
7. Massoglia, Michael
Pare, Paul-Philippe
Schnittker, Jason
Gagnon, Alain
The Relationship between Incarceration and Premature Adult Mortality: Gender Specific Evidence
Social Science Research 46 (July 2014): 142-154.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X14000623
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Incarceration/Jail; Mortality

We examine the relationship between incarceration and premature mortality for men and women. Analyses using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) reveal strong gender differences. Using two different analytic procedures the results show that women with a history of incarceration are more likely to die than women without such a history, even after controlling for health status and criminal behavior prior to incarceration, the availability of health insurance, and other socio-demographic factors. In contrast, there is no relationship between incarceration and mortality for men after accounting for these factors. The results point to the importance of examining gender differences in the collateral consequences of incarceration. The results also contribute to a rapidly emerging literature linking incarceration to various health hazards. Although men constitute the bulk of inmates, future research should not neglect the special circumstances of female former inmates and their rapidly growing numbers.
Bibliography Citation
Massoglia, Michael, Paul-Philippe Pare, Jason Schnittker and Alain Gagnon. "The Relationship between Incarceration and Premature Adult Mortality: Gender Specific Evidence." Social Science Research 46 (July 2014): 142-154.
8. Massoglia, Michael
Remster, Brianna
King, Ryan D.
Stigma or Separation? Understanding the Incarceration-Divorce Relationship
Social Forces 90,1 (September 2011): 133-155.
Also: http://sf.oxfordjournals.org/content/90/1/133.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Keyword(s): Divorce; Incarceration/Jail; Marital Conflict; Marital Dissolution

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Prior research suggests a correlation between incarceration and marital dissolution, although questions remain as to why this association exists. Is it the stigma associated with “doing time” that drives couples apart? Or is it simply the duration of physical separation that leads to divorce? This research utilizes data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and the Survey of Officer and Enlisted Personnel to shed light on these questions. The findings generally support a separation explanation of the incarceration-divorce relationship. Specifically, the data show that exposure to incarceration has no effect on marital dissolution after duration of incarceration is taken into account. In addition, across both datasets we find that individuals who spend substantial time away from spouses are at higher risk of divorce. The findings point to the importance of spousal separation for understanding the incarceration-marital dissolution relationship. Moreover, and in contrast to settings in which stigma appears quite salient (e.g., labor markets), our results suggest that the shared history and degree of intimacy among married partners may weaken the salience of the stigma of incarceration. Findings are discussed in the context of a burgeoning body of work on the collateral consequences of incarceration and have implications for the growing pool of men in American society returning from prison.
Bibliography Citation
Massoglia, Michael, Brianna Remster and Ryan D. King. "Stigma or Separation? Understanding the Incarceration-Divorce Relationship." Social Forces 90,1 (September 2011): 133-155.
9. Robey, Jason P.
Massoglia, Michael
Light, Michael T.
A Generational Shift: Race and the Declining Lifetime Risk of Imprisonment
Demography 60,4 (August 2023): 977-1003.
Also: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48737340
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Black Males; Black Studies; Black Youth; College Education; Decarceration; Higher Education; Incarcerated/Jailed Individuals; Incarceration/Jail; Lifetime Risk

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Mass incarceration fundamentally altered the life course for a generation of American men, but sustained declines in imprisonment in recent years raise questions about how incarceration is shaping current generations. This study makes three primary contributions to a fuller understanding of the contemporary landscape of incarceration in the United States. First, we assess the scope of decarceration. Between 1999 and 2019, the Black male incarceration rate dropped by 44%, and notable declines in Black male imprisonment were evident in all 50 states. Second, our life table analysis demonstrates marked declines in the lifetime risks of incarceration. For Black men, the lifetime risk of incarceration declined by nearly half from 1999 to 2019. We estimate that less than 1 in 5 Black men born in 2001 will be imprisoned, compared with 1 in 3 for the 1981 birth cohort. Third, decarceration has shifted the institutional experiences of young adulthood. In 2009, young Black men were much more likely to experience imprisonment than college graduation. Ten years later, this trend had reversed, with Black men more likely to graduate college than go to prison. Our results suggest that prison has played a smaller role in the institutional landscape for the most recent generation compared with the generation exposed to the peak of mass incarceration.
Bibliography Citation
Robey, Jason P., Michael Massoglia and Michael T. Light. "A Generational Shift: Race and the Declining Lifetime Risk of Imprisonment." Demography 60,4 (August 2023): 977-1003.