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Author: Mangum, Stephen L.

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1.	Adams, Arvil Van Goldstein, Harold Harrell, Adele Mangum, Stephen L.
1.	The Neglected Source of Human Wealth: A Study of Formal Education and Training During the Adult Years Final Report, Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 1982 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Education, Adult; Educational Costs; Labor Market Outcomes; Life Cycle Research; Schooling, Post-secondary; Training, Post-School This study describes the participants and institutions involved in adult education and training. It examines labor market outcomes and explores the economic and social factors influencing participation in these forms of education and training. Those who benefit most from adult education and training are those involved in company- based programs: white-collar, managerial, professional and technical workers; and participants in short and moderate-term programs. Most important is the cumulative nature of knowledge and skill development over the life cycle. Early advantages leading to knowledge and skill development during childhood and adolescence are found to be perpetuated in the adult years with important implications for social stratification.
	Bibliography Citation Adams, Arvil Van, Harold Goldstein, Adele Harrell and Stephen L. Mangum. "The Neglected Source of Human Wealth: A Study of Formal Education and Training During the Adult Years." Final Report, Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 1982.

2.	Adams, Arvil Van Mangum, Stephen L. Wirtz, Philip W.
2.	Human Capital Development through Postschool Education and Training: A Model of Men's Participation Presented: Washington, DC, Association of Public Analysis and Management Meeting, October 1981 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management (APPAM) Keyword(s): Continuing Education; Human Capital Theory; Job Training; Life Cycle Research Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This is an examination of the economic and social forces influencing participation in various forms of postschool education and training. The study focuses on early human capital development and its influence on the cost and incentives for subsequent development in the adult working years. The results point to the cumulative nature of knowledge and skill development over the lifecycle with some important implications for efforts to reduce economic and social inequalities for blacks and whites.
	Bibliography Citation Adams, Arvil Van, Stephen L. Mangum and Philip W. Wirtz. "Human Capital Development through Postschool Education and Training: A Model of Men's Participation." Presented: Washington, DC, Association of Public Analysis and Management Meeting, October 1981.

3.	Adams, Arvil Van Mangum, Stephen L. Wirtz, Philip W.
3.	Postschool Education and Training: Accessible to All? Review of Black Political Economy 15,3 (Winter 1987): 68-86. Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/j6769670085w85h2/ Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: National Economic Association Keyword(s): Education; Life Cycle Research; Racial Differences; Schooling, Post-secondary; Training, Post-School; Unemployment Rate, Regional Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This article examines knowledge and skill development during early adulthood when the individual has severed ties with formal education and entered the world of work. Focusing on the Young Men's cohort, the paper examines the economic and social forces influencing participation in various forms of postschool education and training. A recursive model is used to explore skill development patterns over the lifecycle. Attention is focused on the role of early human capital development and its influence on the cost and incentives for subsequent skill development in the adult working years. The findings point to the cumulative nature of skill development over the lifecycle with some important implications for efforts to reduce economic and social inequalities for blacks and whites.
	Bibliography Citation Adams, Arvil Van, Stephen L. Mangum and Philip W. Wirtz. "Postschool Education and Training: Accessible to All?" Review of Black Political Economy 15,3 (Winter 1987): 68-86.

4.	Hills, Stephen M. D'Amico, Ronald Ball, David E. Golon, Jeff Jackson, John L. Latack, Janina C. Lynch, Lisa M. Mangum, Stephen L. Shapiro, David
4.	The Changing Market: A Longitudinal Study of Fifteen Years of Labor Market Experience of Young Men Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1984 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Displaced Workers; Labor Market Demographics; Military Service; Unemployment Chapter 1: The Changing Market Chapter 2: The Displaced Worker Chapter 3: Adujusting to Recession Chapter 4: Adjusting to the Structure of Jobs Chapter 5: The Household Costs of Unemployment Chapter 6: Career Mobility Chapter 7: Long Run Effects of Military Service Chapter 8: Skill Transfer Chapter 9: How Fluid is the U.S. Labor Market?
	Bibliography Citation Hills, Stephen M., Ronald D'Amico, David E. Ball, Jeff Golon, John L. Jackson, Janina C. Latack, Lisa M. Lynch, Stephen L. Mangum and David Shapiro. "The Changing Market: A Longitudinal Study of Fifteen Years of Labor Market Experience of Young Men." Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1984.

5.	Levitan, Sar A. Mangum, Garth L. Mangum, Stephen L.
5.	Economics of Rectitude: Necessary But Not Sufficient Occasional Paper 1992-3, Center for Social Policy Studies, The George Washington University, 1992. Also: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/12/f8/19.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Social Policy Studies, George Washington University Keyword(s): Self-Esteem; Sociability/Socialization/Social Interaction; Support Networks Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Social Responsibility and Personal Rectitude. Personal rectitude is necessary but not sufficient for social and labor market success. Individuals and society must act to instill self-confidence in one's ability to succeed in the society and the economy. Society's obligation is to: 1. Strengthen families through case-managed integrated services, including involvement of the unwed fathers where relevant. 2. Provide education and training opportunities which will build self-confidence in the probabilities of social and economic success through acceptable conduct. 3. Assure access to earnings opportunities adequate to self-sufficiency, including appropriate subsidization for those of reduced capacity. All that is easier said than done. Although the costs will be high, the proposed initiatives are doable within the limits of current knowledge and available resources. The May 1992 Los Angeles riots add urgency, if emphasis is necessary, to expand opportunities in inner cities and remove obstacles that prevent achievement of self-sufficiency. This end cannot be achieved without vigorous and prompt government and private action. When the necessary help becomes available, an individual's rectitude should be the only attainable route to assistance.
	Bibliography Citation Levitan, Sar A., Garth L. Mangum and Stephen L. Mangum. "Economics of Rectitude: Necessary But Not Sufficient." Occasional Paper 1992-3, Center for Social Policy Studies, The George Washington University, 1992.

6.	Mangum, Stephen L. Adams, Arvil Van
6.	Labor Market Impacts of Post-school Occupational Training for Young Men Growth and Change 18,4 (Fall 1987): 57-73 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Educational Returns; Job Training; Racial Differences; Schooling, Post-secondary; Training, Occupational; Training, Post-School Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The period 1966 to 1976 was a decade of change, contrast, and challenge. In this article, a model contrasting the labor market experience of young men who participated in post-school occupational training during this period with those young men who did not participate is developed and then estimated using data from the NLS of Young Men. Participation in post-school forms of occupational training is identified as a significant contributor to individual labor market success during the period and racial differences in returns to training are highlighted. The results prompt questions concerning the direction of current federal training policies for the disadvantaged.
	Bibliography Citation Mangum, Stephen L. and Arvil Van Adams. "Labor Market Impacts of Post-school Occupational Training for Young Men." Growth and Change 18,4 (Fall 1987): 57-73.

7.	Mangum, Stephen L. Ball, David E.
7.	Military Service and Post-Service Labor Market Outcomes Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1984 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Labor Market Outcomes; Military Service; Military Training; Occupations Utilizing a sample from the NLSY of individuals who left schooling between 1975 and 1978 and subsequently decided to enter the armed forces or enter directly into the labor force, the authors compare labor market outcomes for these two groups as of the 1983 interview. It is shown that those choosing to serve in the military were, on average, doing less well than their counterparts who did not serve. Differences in occupation and firm-specific tenure accounted for much of the difference. The study indicates a key factor offsetting the apparent negative effect of military service is attainment of post-military employment that uses occupational skills acquired while in the service.
	Bibliography Citation Mangum, Stephen L. and David E. Ball. "Military Service and Post-Service Labor Market Outcomes." Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1984.

8.	Mangum, Stephen L. Ball, David E.
8.	Military Service, Occupational Training, and Labor Market Outcomes: An Update Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1986 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Human Resource Research Keyword(s): Labor Market Outcomes; Military Service; Military Training; Occupations; Schooling, Post-secondary; Training, Occupational; Training, Post-School; Transfers, Skill This report updates the authors' 1984 report using a sample of individuals leaving school and facing the enlistment decision between 1975 and 1979. Labor market outcomes are evaluated as of the 1984 interview. The report focuses on the transferability of military-provided occupational training, comparing its transferability to that of training provided by non-military institutions. The authors isolate factors influencing skill transferability and suggest the incidence of skill transfer of military training to be similar to that of other training providers for the individuals in this sample.
	Bibliography Citation Mangum, Stephen L. and David E. Ball. "Military Service, Occupational Training, and Labor Market Outcomes: An Update." Report, Columbus OH: Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1986.

9.	Mangum, Stephen L. Ball, David E.
9.	Military Skill Training: Some Evidence of Transferability Armed Forces and Society 13,3 (Spring 1987): 425-441. Also: http://afs.sagepub.com/content/13/3/425.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces & Society Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Military Training; Skills; Training; Transfers, Skill Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using data from the NLSY, this study examines the skill transferability of military-provided training to civilian employment. With other factors controlled, males were most readily able to transfer training in the service, craft, and equipment repair occupations, while transfer percentages for females were greatest in the traditional occupational stronghold of administrative/functional support. Analysis of skill transfer between nonmilitary training providers and employment showed that the occupational areas offering the greatest probability of skill transfer were similar to those that emerged in the analysis of military training. For males, the probability of skill transfer for those trained by the military was significantly lower than that for those in apprenticeship and employer-provided training programs, but not significantly different from that associated with training through vocational/technical institutes, proprietary business colleges, and so forth. Females involved in employer- provided training, apprenticeships, nursing programs, or beauty school programs were more likely to find jobs in the occupation for which they were trained than were those receiving training in the military. Key in explaining these differences may be the presence of internal labor-market mechanisms, which facilitate the transition from training to work in some institutional settings. Analysis of this data set leaves little reason to doubt the viability of the military as a training provider offering linkages to the civilian work world.
	Bibliography Citation Mangum, Stephen L. and David E. Ball. "Military Skill Training: Some Evidence of Transferability." Armed Forces and Society 13,3 (Spring 1987): 425-441.

10.	Mangum, Stephen L. Ball, David E.
10.	The Transferability of Military-Provided Occupational Training in the Post-Draft Era Industrial and Labor Relations Review 42,2 (January 1989): 230-245. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2523356 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Cornell University Press Keyword(s): Military Draft; Military Training; Training, Occupational; Transfers, Skill Using a sample drawn from the NLSY, the authors have documented significant amounts of skill transfer between military-provided training and civilian employment. The probability of skill transfer of those receiving military training was not significantly different than that of individuals trained by nonmilitary providers of occupational training outside the institutional structure of internal labor market mechanisms facilitating the training to work transfer. Based on the analysis of this data set, there is little reason to doubt the viability of the military as a training provider offering access to the world of work, though the analysis does suggest exploration of alternative schemes for improving linkages between training providers and employment opportunities to be a potentially valuable area for further policy discussion. [Note: this article was previously published as a 1987 Working Paper Series with the title, "Military Provided Occupational Training and Skill Transfer in the Post-Draft Era"]
	Bibliography Citation Mangum, Stephen L. and David E. Ball. "The Transferability of Military-Provided Occupational Training in the Post-Draft Era." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 42,2 (January 1989): 230-245.

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