Search Results

Author: Grasso, John T.
Resulting in 12 citations.
1. Baktari, Paul
Grasso, John T.
An Empirical Study of New High School and College Graduates' Wages Using Alternative Labor Market Models
Review of Higher Education 8,3 (Spring 1985): 193-220.
Also: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ321160&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ321160
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press
Keyword(s): College Education; Demography; Educational Returns; Job Productivity; Labor Market Outcomes; Wages

This study employs data on white males from the National Longitudinal Surveys (Young Men) for 1966 through 1976. Alternative models are used to explore changes in the returns to college education. Predictions of both neoclassical theory and a job competition, or labor market queue, model were moderately supported by the data, as wages of new graduates appeared to be sensitive to: (1) the number of similarly educated young workers; and (2) the relative position of the educational group in the labor market hiring queue. Implications of the demographic effects on returns, in addition to the effect of the demand for labor and the effect of productivity on labor, are discussed.
Bibliography Citation
Baktari, Paul and John T. Grasso. "An Empirical Study of New High School and College Graduates' Wages Using Alternative Labor Market Models." Review of Higher Education 8,3 (Spring 1985): 193-220.
2. Grasso, John T.
Contributions of Vocational Education, Training, and Work Experience to the Early Career Achievements of Young Men
Ph.D. Dissertation, Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1975
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Education, Secondary; Educational Returns; Family Influences; High School Completion/Graduates; Job Satisfaction; Vocational Education; Vocational Preparation; Work Attitudes; Work Knowledge

The study of non-college-attending, male high school graduates examines vocational, general and college preparatory high school curricula and certain post-school training opportunities to uncover differences in their effectiveness, either alone or in conjunction with post-school programs, in preparing youth for careers. Based on data from the NLS of Young Men 1966-69, the following serve as criterion measures in a multivariate framework: a general occupational information test, attitudes toward adequacy of preparation, participation in post-school training, skill level of jobs, wages, measures of career potential, overall job satisfaction, and unemployment experience. Multiple regression is used to identify and measure the net effects of educational and training variables by controlling statistically for other influences, with separate analyses conducted for white and black youth. The empirical findings reported and discussed for each criterion measure are summarized and provide the basis for specific conclusions which do not support the view that vocational education at the secondary level is superior preparation for the world of work. Four major implications for secondary education are drawn from the findings. A 14-page bibliography, a discussion of statistical tests of the significance of intergroup differences in regression, and tabulated regression results are appended.
Bibliography Citation
Grasso, John T. Contributions of Vocational Education, Training, and Work Experience to the Early Career Achievements of Young Men. Ph.D. Dissertation, Center for Human Resource Research, The Ohio State University, 1975.
3. Grasso, John T.
Documentation of Statistical Data Sets: The Case of the National Longitudinal Surveys
Presented: New York, NY, Workshop on Documentation of Large Machine Readable Data Sets, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1974
Cohort(s): NLS General
Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Keyword(s): Data Quality/Consistency; Data Sets Documentation

Following a general description of the NLS files, this paper examines various problems encountered in the pre-existing documentation and concludes with a description of current efforts to improve the documentation of this kind of social science data file.
Bibliography Citation
Grasso, John T. "Documentation of Statistical Data Sets: The Case of the National Longitudinal Surveys." Presented: New York, NY, Workshop on Documentation of Large Machine Readable Data Sets, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1974.
4. Grasso, John T.
On the Declining Labor Market Value of Schooling
Presented: New York, NY, American Educational Research Association Meetings, 1977
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: American Educational Research Association
Keyword(s): College Graduates; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Earnings; Educational Returns; Employment; High School Completion/Graduates; Schooling; Unemployment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper reviews existing work and presents new analyses on changes in the labor market effects of higher education. Attention was devoted principally to the work of Margaret Gordon and Richard Freeman in order to gain perspective on recent changes in college-labor market effects. Reanalyses of published data from the Current Population Reports as well as analysis of microdata from the NLS lead to new and consistent findings. Results indicate: (1) declines in relative earnings among new labor market entrants as a group; and (2) declines in relative earnings among older and more experienced college graduates. Results do not support the hypothesis that a recent oversupply of college graduates has led to declines in relative earnings among new college graduates.
Bibliography Citation
Grasso, John T. "On the Declining Labor Market Value of Schooling." Presented: New York, NY, American Educational Research Association Meetings, 1977.
5. Grasso, John T.
Vocational Education, Training, and Job Skills for Youth
Presented: San Francisco, CA, American Educational Research Association Meetings, 1976
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: American Educational Research Association
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Duncan Index; Earnings; High School Curriculum; Job Skills; Job Training; Unemployment; Vocational Education

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This is a report of research concerning the role of high school education in preparing youth for the world of work. Its undertaking is related to many events in the past fifteen years: the persistence of high rates of youth unemployment, even during relatively good economic times; the passage of major legislation at the national level on vocational education and training; and, of course, the inception of "career education." The relevance of findings of much existing research to policy questions is sharply circumscribed by limitations in the design, data and methodology of such studies. One example of a problem area involves comparing groups of youth with respect to earnings to determine the "payoff" to "investment" in vocational education. Not only can an emphasis on earnings lead to disregard for other important questions (and it appears that it has) but there are literally a host of complicating factors relevant to appraising results based on the first year's earnings of young persons. Using data from a national sample of youth, the analysis focuses on graduates of various high school curricula who did not continue their education with college. Specifically, data are examined with respect to: (1) their desires for additional training after having gained work experience; (2) the kinds of further training desired; (3) the actual acquisition of such training; and (4) the kinds of first jobs as well as subsequent jobs which were obtained by the youth. In the latter case, variables relating to jobs are based on several ratings of occupations.
Bibliography Citation
Grasso, John T. "Vocational Education, Training, and Job Skills for Youth." Presented: San Francisco, CA, American Educational Research Association Meetings, 1976.
6. Grasso, John T.
Vocational Education, Training, and Work Experience as Investments for Youth
Presented: Princeton, NJ, Workshop on Current Research in Economics of Education, ETS and NBER, 1975
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Cost-Benefit Studies; Education, Secondary; High School Completion/Graduates; High School Curriculum; Vocational Education; Vocational Preparation; Wages

This is a report on recent research on the career preparation and early career achievements of male high school graduates. This review raises questions on the conceptual and methodological differences between the NLS study and previous research. Restricting attention to the case of male high school graduates who did not attend college, the author examines three major means for the development of skills: (1) secondary education, including its several distinct curricula; (2) post-school training and learning opportunities of various kinds; and (3) informal training and learning associated with actual work experience. At the same time, the study explores facets of the labor market activities of the youth, using a series of measures of "success." Findings of the study relate primarily to questions concerning the relative effectiveness of the different means of preparation--individually and in combination. Thus, the scope of the study permits comparisons to previous research which utilize cost-benefit analysis to ascertain the effectiveness of vocational education. A brief overview of recent cost-benefit studies is presented.
Bibliography Citation
Grasso, John T. "Vocational Education, Training, and Work Experience as Investments for Youth." Presented: Princeton, NJ, Workshop on Current Research in Economics of Education, ETS and NBER, 1975.
7. Grasso, John T.
Kohen, Andrew I.
The National Longitudinal Surveys' Data Processing System
In: Survey of Income and Program Participation: Proceedings of the Workshop on Data Processing. D. Kasprzyk, et al., eds. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of HEW, 1978
Cohort(s): NLS General
Publisher: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, => U.S. Health & Human Services
Keyword(s): Data Quality/Consistency; NLS Description; Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)

This paper discusses some important aspects of experience gained from the NLS project in an effort to assist planners of the new Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Reviewed are the dilemmas inherent in managing a large-scale, complex data base and coordinating a project whose responsibilities are split among several geographically distant agencies. The review provides details on the impact of staff turnover, staffing expertise, internal organizational design and management decisions on significant aspects of the NLS survey design and data processing tasks and concludes with specific suggestions and recommendations for the implementation of SIPP.
Bibliography Citation
Grasso, John T. and Andrew I. Kohen. "The National Longitudinal Surveys' Data Processing System" In: Survey of Income and Program Participation: Proceedings of the Workshop on Data Processing. D. Kasprzyk, et al., eds. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of HEW, 1978
8. Grasso, John T.
Shea, John R.
Effects of High School Curriculum on Age-Earnings Profiles
Proceedings, Social Statistics Section, American Statistical Association (1972): 265-70
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: American Statistical Association
Keyword(s): Blue-Collar Jobs; Earnings; Educational Returns; High School Completion/Graduates; High School Curriculum; Vocational Education

Within a multivariate framework this paper examines the relationship between high school curriculum and one important indicator of labor market success, hourly rate of pay subsequent to graduation. In view of our failure to find a statistically significant difference in starting wages for any curriculum group, for either whites or blacks, it appears that the vocational high school curriculum per se does not provide skills which lead to immediate market advantages.
Bibliography Citation
Grasso, John T. and John R. Shea. "Effects of High School Curriculum on Age-Earnings Profiles." Proceedings, Social Statistics Section, American Statistical Association (1972): 265-70.
9. Grasso, John T.
Shea, John R.
Effects of Vocational Education Programs: Research Findings and Issues
In: Planning Papers for the Vocational Education Study. Washington DC: National Institute of Education, 1979
Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women
Publisher: National Institute of Education, U.S.
Keyword(s): Discrimination, Sex; Educational Aspirations/Expectations; High School Curriculum; NLS of H.S. Class of 1972; Occupational Aspirations; Project Talent; Vocational Education; Work Knowledge

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This paper contains a review of available data and evidence from selected national surveys bearing upon vocational education issues. After a brief introduction to the national surveys, the identification of the high school curriculum of respondents is discussed, revealing shortcomings and weaknesses that have indeterminate effects upon findings based on these data. The case of female vocational students suggests that the vocational programs in high schools should be interpreted separately by sex. Findings presented on the high school students include curriculum differences in students' backgrounds and aptitudes, in attitudes toward school, in educational aspirations, in occupational goals, in occupational information, and on career development issues. This review includes topics concerning curricular effects in basic skills, on retention in high school, in transition to college and on educational attainment, and in acquisition of post-school training. Finally, the review discusses the effects of curriculum and training upon post-school labor market and psychological or attitudinal outcomes.
Bibliography Citation
Grasso, John T. and John R. Shea. "Effects of Vocational Education Programs: Research Findings and Issues" In: Planning Papers for the Vocational Education Study. Washington DC: National Institute of Education, 1979
10. Grasso, John T.
Shea, John R.
Vocational Education and Training: Impact on Youth
Working Paper, Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education, Berkeley, CA, 1979
Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women
Publisher: Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education
Keyword(s): Dropouts; Educational Attainment; High School Curriculum; Job Satisfaction; Job Training; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Project Talent; Vocational Education; Work Attitudes

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The report examines: (1) choice of high school curriculum; (2) relations between curriculum, on the one hand, and aspirations, occupational information, and highest year of school completed on the other; (3) psychological reactions to the high school experience of those who have followed various tracks; and (4) the early labor market and further training experiences of former vocational students as compared with their general program peers with equivalent years of schooling (10-11; 12; 13-15). Multivariate techniques, including path analysis of the educational attainment process, are used extensively. The experience of men and women, blacks and whites, is treated separately. The analysis is based on data from the NLS of Young Men (l966-73) and Young Women( l968-72).
Bibliography Citation
Grasso, John T. and John R. Shea. "Vocational Education and Training: Impact on Youth." Working Paper, Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education, Berkeley, CA, 1979.
11. Kohen, Andrew I.
Grasso, John T.
Myers, Steven C.
Shields, Patricia M.
Career Thresholds, Volume 6: A Longitudinal Study of the Educational and Labor Market Experience of Young Men
Manpower Research Monograph 16, Volume 6. Washington DC: US GPO, 1977
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor
Keyword(s): Earnings; Marital Status; Military Service; Mobility; Mobility, Job; Occupational Status; Schooling; Unemployment

This volume several analyses of youth's educational and labor market experiences. One analysis youths' labor market experience explores the factors related to the levels of educational and occupational aspirations expressed by those youth who were in high school at the beginning of a five-year period. The study investigates factors associated with the adaptation of educational goals during the high school years and the two years thereafter. Another analysis is devoted to occupational mobility among young men. In addition to quantifying and describing the gross changes in major occupation group that occurred (1) between entrance into the labor market and 1971 and (2) over the five-year period 1966 to 1971, the study analyzes the factors that are associated with both the incidence and the magnitude of occupational advancement during these same periods. A third analysis of the unemployment experience of male youth is directed at relating the incidence and duration of unemployment to various types of job separation. It focuses only on members of the experienced labor force who were not enrolled in school. The impact of military service on a youth's subsequent labor market experience is also discussed. This analysis begins with an investigation of the factors that are associated with the likelihood of having served in the armed forces during the Vietnam War and then attempts to assess the net impact of military service on various aspects of subsequent civilian labor market experience.
Bibliography Citation
Kohen, Andrew I., John T. Grasso, Steven C. Myers and Patricia M. Shields. Career Thresholds, Volume 6: A Longitudinal Study of the Educational and Labor Market Experience of Young Men. Manpower Research Monograph 16, Volume 6. Washington DC: US GPO, 1977.
12. Parnes, Herbert S.
Grasso, John T.
The National Longitudinal Surveys: A Progress Report
Review of Public Data Use 3,1 (January 1975): 23-28.
Also: http://researchconnections.org/ICPSR/biblio/series/00129/resources/23934?sortBy=1&author=Parnes%2C+Herbert+S.&paging.startRow=1
Cohort(s): NLS General
Publisher: U.S. Department of Commerce
Keyword(s): NLS Description; Research Methodology

To facilitate use by the research community, the public use data files and documentation of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience (NLS), previously issued by the Demographic Surveys Division of the Bureau of the Census, have been substantially revised by the Ohio State University Center for Human Resource Research. The Center will also be responsible for issuing all future updates of the files. The nature of the changes that have been made in the data files is outlined in this progress report, which describes in some detail the characteristics of the new documentation. The data were originally collected and analyzed under contract with the Manpower Administration of the U.S. Department of Labor but are now available to all interested researchers.
Bibliography Citation
Parnes, Herbert S. and John T. Grasso. "The National Longitudinal Surveys: A Progress Report." Review of Public Data Use 3,1 (January 1975): 23-28.