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Author: Mellow, Wesley

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1.	Antos, Joseph R. Mellow, Wesley
1.	Youth Labor Market: A Dynamic Overview BLS Staff Paper No 11. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, 1979 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Earnings; Employment; Job Turnover; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Unemployment; Unions "This report was prepared under contract 20-11-76-47 with the Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor." This study uses six years of data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of young males and females to investigate how young people adapt to the market place. A five component recursive model is sequentially estimated for each age from l8 through 27. The components are: education and labor force status, wage determination, turnover, unemployment duration, and wage growth. Evidence is found that competitive forces operate over the long run in the youth labor market. Productive capabilities are rewarded, and workers initially earning less (more) than their potential move up (down) the wage distribution. Job changing facilitates this equilibration, although turnover among females appears to be less purposeful than for males. We also find that deteriorating aggregate economic conditions severely disrupt the youth labor market, increasing unemployment and depressing wage growth.
	Bibliography Citation Antos, Joseph R. and Wesley Mellow. Youth Labor Market: A Dynamic Overview. BLS Staff Paper No 11. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, 1979.

2.	Kalachek, Edward Mellow, Wesley Raines, Fredric Q.
2.	The Male Labor Supply Function Reconsidered Industrial and Labor Relations Review 31,3 (April 1978): 356-367. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2522907 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Cornell University Press Keyword(s): Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Household Income; Unemployment; Wages; Work Attitudes The failure to achieve an adequate theoretical grounding for either the wage or the labor supply concept partly accounts for the wide variety of results yielded by econometric investigations of the labor supply function based on individual households. The theoretical background can be supplied by decomposing wages into permanent and transitory components and by expanding labor supply to include unemployment time. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey was used to examine the labor supply function for older males and findings suggest that prior labor supply studies are irrelevant for assessing the impact of public policy proposals. An exaggerated emphasis appears to have been placed on the position of the budget line. This emphasis does not reflect the parameters affecting labor supply decisions. Labor supply variation derives less from wage variations than from variations in attitudes, health, and demographic factors. Unemployment time for mature males is also actually desired work time and must be considered as such when examining policy issues.
	Bibliography Citation Kalachek, Edward, Wesley Mellow and Fredric Q. Raines. "The Male Labor Supply Function Reconsidered." Industrial and Labor Relations Review 31,3 (April 1978): 356-367.

3.	Mellow, Wesley
3.	A Multinomial Logit Model of Labor Turnover Journal of Economics and Business 32,3 (Spring 1980): 227-234 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Temple University Press Keyword(s): Labor Turnover; Layoffs; Pensions; Quits; Schooling; Wages; Work History This paper presents a joint analysis of the determinants of quits and layoffs. Specific attention is given to the importance of the wage structure as a determinant of labor turnover. Data are taken from the l966-69 installments of the NLS of Older Men aged 45 to 59 in l966. A worker-specific measure of wage differentials is constructed as the residual from a wage regression estimated with the l966 data; other variables hypothesized to determine turnover decisions are also defined. The l967 and l969 installments document subsequent turnover activity. Multinomial logit analysis is used to estimate the model.
	Bibliography Citation Mellow, Wesley. "A Multinomial Logit Model of Labor Turnover." Journal of Economics and Business 32,3 (Spring 1980): 227-234.

4.	Mellow, Wesley
4.	Equilibration in the Labor Market Southern Economic Journal 45,1 (July 1978): 192-204. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1057626 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Southern Economic Association Keyword(s): Employment; Job Tenure; Wages This paper tests the competitive theory prediction that noncompensating wage differentials are liquidated in the dynamic setting. Except for the finding that job stayers maintain positive differentials, our results indicate an equilibrating labor market. At the risk of oversimplification, the implication of our results for the validity of the competitive model of wage determination can be summarized as follows. At full employment, market forces facilitate the worker's attainment of his potential wage. A significant group of workers, however, remains insulated from market forces and maintains existing rents. In this respect the labor market is segmented; some workers maintain an enclave wage. A deterioration in aggregate labor market conditions reverse the scenario: the liquidation of negative differentials declines and rents are expropriated.
	Bibliography Citation Mellow, Wesley. "Equilibration in the Labor Market." Southern Economic Journal 45,1 (July 1978): 192-204.

5.	Mellow, Wesley
5.	Information Deficiencies and Search Unemployment Working Paper No. 64, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 1976 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Job Search; Unemployment; Veterans; Wages, Reservation This paper tests the hypothesis that information deficiencies affect search unemployment by estimating a search unemployment model that explicitly incorporates a measure of initial information deficiencies. Results support the recent job search models, such as McCall's adaptive search model, which hypothesize adjustments in the reservation wage as initial information deficiencies are resolved. Specifically, it appears that information deficiencies affect search unemployment, that search unemployment is productive and that the market differentials of job changers narrow. All this indicates a familiar scenario. The initial perception of the wage distribution is dominated by the prior wage. As search progresses, information is accumulated and in Bayesian fashion the perception of the wage distribution becomes more precise. The reservation wage is adjusted towards the market wage. Unemployment is thus productive in two important ways: (1) it is productive search: it leads to a better (higher wage) new job; and (2) it facilitates equilibration in the labor market: it encourages a realignment of unrealistic perceptions with market realities. Of course, these generalizations must be tempered by a recognition that the results apply only to the behavior of middle aged men in a full employment economy.
	Bibliography Citation Mellow, Wesley. "Information Deficiencies and Search Unemployment." Working Paper No. 64, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, 1976.

6.	Mellow, Wesley
6.	Market Differentials and Labor Force Behavior Ph.D. Dissertation, Washington University (St. Louis), 1975 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Industrial Relations; Quits; Unemployment; Wage Differentials; Work History This study exploits the concept of the market differential in an investigation of labor market dynamics. The market differential is the deviation of the worker's actual wage from his human capital or potential wage. Using the NLS of Older Men as a data base, the market differential concept is operationalized and regression models of its impact on quits, search unemployment and wage change are estimated. In each instance results are consistent with predictions of the competitive theory. The market differential has a direct impact on search unemployment. Market wage offers are consistent with the potential wage while initial wage demands are determined by the prior wage. Finally, the change in the worker's real wage rate is inversely related to his market differential. Dynamic liquidation of existing market differentials is discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Mellow, Wesley. Market Differentials and Labor Force Behavior. Ph.D. Dissertation, Washington University (St. Louis), 1975.

7.	Mellow, Wesley
7.	Search Costs and the Duration of Unemployment Economic Inquiry 16,3 (July 1978): 423-430. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1978.tb00512.x/pdf Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Job Search; Unemployment Duration; Wages, Reservation This study attempts to test the hypothesis that low search costs increase the duration of unemployment. Findings show that job changers identified as having low search costs have longer subsequent duration of unemployment. In addition, the authors examined the determinants of wage change and found that unemployed time is productive search. The results support two basic contentions of search theory and suggest that worker-specific differences in search costs contribute to the dispersion of wages among workers.
	Bibliography Citation Mellow, Wesley. "Search Costs and the Duration of Unemployment." Economic Inquiry 16,3 (July 1978): 423-430.

8.	Mellow, Wesley
8.	Turnover in the Youth Labor Market Proceedings, Business and Economic Statistics Section, American Statistical Association Part_II (1978): 632-637 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: American Statistical Association Keyword(s): Job Tenure; Job Turnover; Marital Status; Quits; Schooling Our findings indicate that voluntary turnover in the youth labor market represents an explicit attempt to improve economic position. Workers who quit are those who receive less than their market wage. Moreover, unsatisfactory job matches appear to be an important cause of youth turnover--the accumulation of job tenure rapidly diminishes the likelihood of changing jobs; and workers who locate jobs under unfavorable economic conditions are more likely to find that such jobs subsequently prove unsatisfactory. Finally, the maturation process increases the purposiveness of workers' turnover behavior, albeit modestly.
	Bibliography Citation Mellow, Wesley. "Turnover in the Youth Labor Market." Proceedings, Business and Economic Statistics Section, American Statistical Association Part_II (1978): 632-637.

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