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Author: Antos, Joseph R.

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1.	Antos, Joseph R. Chandler, Mark D.
1.	Sex Differences in Union Membership: The Impact of Occupation and Industry Proceedings, Business and Economic Statistics Section, American Statistical Association, Part_II (1977): 496-500 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: American Statistical Association Keyword(s): Collective Bargaining; Discrimination, Sex; Industrial Sector; Part-Time Work; Unions Results confirm the hypothesis that the occupational and industrial distribution explains a significant portion of the male-female unionization gap. The role of the occupational distribution is largely independent of any variation in either human capital or the incidence of part-time work. A substantial part of the male-female unionization gap remains unexplained. Omitted variables undoubtedly account for a portion of the remaining differential. No measures of sex discrimination by unions or systematic male-female differences in tastes for unionization are available. An additional difficulty may be inadequate control for sex differences in the occupational distribution, due to the highly aggregated nature of our variables. In spite of these deficiencies, the explanatory power of occupation and industry is impressive.
	Bibliography Citation Antos, Joseph R. and Mark D. Chandler. "Sex Differences in Union Membership: The Impact of Occupation and Industry." Proceedings, Business and Economic Statistics Section, American Statistical Association, Part_II (1977): 496-500.

2.	Antos, Joseph R. Mellow, Wesley
2.	Youth Labor Market: A Dynamic Overview BLS Staff Paper No 11. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, 1979 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Earnings; Employment; Job Turnover; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Unemployment; Unions "This report was prepared under contract 20-11-76-47 with the Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor." This study uses six years of data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of young males and females to investigate how young people adapt to the market place. A five component recursive model is sequentially estimated for each age from l8 through 27. The components are: education and labor force status, wage determination, turnover, unemployment duration, and wage growth. Evidence is found that competitive forces operate over the long run in the youth labor market. Productive capabilities are rewarded, and workers initially earning less (more) than their potential move up (down) the wage distribution. Job changing facilitates this equilibration, although turnover among females appears to be less purposeful than for males. We also find that deteriorating aggregate economic conditions severely disrupt the youth labor market, increasing unemployment and depressing wage growth.
	Bibliography Citation Antos, Joseph R. and Wesley Mellow. Youth Labor Market: A Dynamic Overview. BLS Staff Paper No 11. Washington, DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, 1979.

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