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Author: Dietz, William H.

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1.	Dietz, William H.
1.	Weight Gain Prevention: An Emerging Public Health Challenge for Health Education Presented: Washington, DC, National Conference on Health Education and Health Promotion, June 1999. Also: http://www.astdhpphe.org/elecconf/papers/018papers.htm Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Association of State and Territorial Directors of Health Promotion and Public Health Education Keyword(s): Obesity; Television Viewing; Weight Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This presentation discusses the prevalence of obesity in America, its causes, possible health effects, and programs that have been enacted to help combat it. National Longitudinal Survey data is cited to substantiate claims about the correlation between television viewing and obesity.
	Bibliography Citation Dietz, William H. "Weight Gain Prevention: An Emerging Public Health Challenge for Health Education." Presented: Washington, DC, National Conference on Health Education and Health Promotion, June 1999.

2.	Gortmaker, Steven L. Must, Aviva Sobol, Arthur M. Peterson, Karen E. Colditz, Graham A. Dietz, William H.
2.	Television Viewing as a Cause of Increasing Obesity Among Children in the United States, 1986-1990 Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 150,4 (April 1996): 356-362. Also: http://archpedi.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/150/4/356 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: American Medical Association Keyword(s): Body Mass Index (BMI); Obesity; Television Viewing; Variables, Independent - Covariate; Weight Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has increased, and television viewing has been suggested as a cause. We examined the relation between hours of television viewed and the prevalence of overweight in 1990, and the incidence and remission of overweight from 1986 to 1990 in a nationally representative cohort of 746 youths aged 10 to 15 years in 1990 whose mothers were 25 to 32 years old. Overweight was defined as a body mass index higher than the 85th percentile for age and gender. RESULTS: We observed a strong dose-response relationship between the prevalence of overweight in 1990 and hours of television viewed. The odds of being overweight were 4.6 (95% confidence interval, 2.2 to 9.6) times greater for youth watching more than 5 hours of television per day compared with those watching 0 to 2 hours. When adjustments were made for previous overweight (in 1986), baseline maternal overweight, socioeconomic status, household structure, ethnicity, and maternal and child aptitude test scores, results were similar (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.3 to 12.1). We also found significant relations between television viewing and increased incidence and decreased remission of overweight during this 4-year period, adjusted for baseline covariates. The adjusted odds of incidence were 8.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.6 to 26.5) times greater for youth watching more than 5 hours of television per day compared with those watching for 0 to 2 hours. Estimates of attributable risk indicate that more than 60% of overweight incidence in this population can be linked to excess television viewing time. CONCLUSION: Television viewing affects overweight among youth, and reductions in viewing time could help prevent this increasingly common chronic health condition.
	Bibliography Citation Gortmaker, Steven L., Aviva Must, Arthur M. Sobol, Karen E. Peterson, Graham A. Colditz and William H. Dietz. "Television Viewing as a Cause of Increasing Obesity Among Children in the United States, 1986-1990." Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 150,4 (April 1996): 356-362.

3.	Must, Aviva Gortmaker, Steven L. Dietz, William H.
3.	Risk Factors for Obesity in Young Adults: Hispanics, African Americans and Whites in the Transition Years, Age 16-28 Years Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 48,3-4 (1994): 143-156. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0753332294901031 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Masson Pub. USA, Inc. Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Black Youth; Epidemiology; Ethnic Groups/Ethnicity; Gender Differences; Hispanics; Obesity; Social Environment Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Previous studies have suggested that late adolescence may represent a critical period in the development of lifelong obesity, but representative prospective studies in this age group are lacking. The analytic cohort consisted of a representative sample from the United States of 11,591 Hispanic, African American, and white youths interviewed as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Significant differences in obesity measures were observed among the six race-sex groups. Compared to whites of the same sex, the prevalence of obesity in 1981 was significantly higher among Hispanic males (12.0 vs 8.6%, P < 0.05) and African American females (14.2% vs 7.3%, P > 0.001) and lower among African American males (6.4% vs 8.6%, P > 0.005). Five-year cumulative incidence of obesity (1981-1986) was highest in Hispanic males, Hispanic females and African American females. Among those ages studied both in 1981 and in 1986, a secular trend towards increased prevalence of obesity was observed over the five-year period (10.6% in 1981, 13.6% in 1986, P > 0.0001). Multivariate analyses failed to identify behavioral or sociodemographic factors that operated similarly in all race-sex groups.
	Bibliography Citation Must, Aviva, Steven L. Gortmaker and William H. Dietz. "Risk Factors for Obesity in Young Adults: Hispanics, African Americans and Whites in the Transition Years, Age 16-28 Years." Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 48,3-4 (1994): 143-156.

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