Search Results
Author: Crosnoe, Robert
Resulting in 13 citations.
| 1. |
Cavanagh, Shannon Skalamera, Julie Crosnoe, Robert |
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Health Behaviors and the Transition to Adulthood During the Great Recession Presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2016 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Economic Changes/Recession; Geocoded Data; Sleep; Transition, Adulthood; Unemployment Rate Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. As youth transition to adulthood—facing new social expectations, traversing new contexts, and establishing independence—their health behaviors tend to become less healthy. Recently, this transition has collided with a challenging historic context, the Great Recession. Using data from The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort Child and Young Adult Sample (n = 3,096), we embed health behavior trajectories across the transition to adulthood in the context of the Great Recession. We examine multi-year trajectories of smoking, drinking, and sleep among young adults during the Great Recession but who differ in the extent their communities have been affected. Our findings suggest that, in hardest hit local economies, young adults experienced sleeping penalties and, among younger youth, drinking increases, relative to youth in less acutely affected communities. The collision of the transition to adulthood with the Great Recession may therefore have long-term implications for inequalities in health behaviors. |
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Bibliography Citation
Cavanagh, Shannon, Julie Skalamera and Robert Crosnoe. "Health Behaviors and the Transition to Adulthood During the Great Recession." Presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2016. |
| 2. |
Cha, Hyungmin Crosnoe, Robert |
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The Health of Mothers of Adult Children with Serious Conditions Journal of Marriage and Family published online (28 January 2022): DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12823. Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jomf.12823 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Children, Illness; Disability; Health, Chronic Conditions; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Mothers, Health Objective: This study examined the association between parenting adult children with serious conditions and mothers' midlife health in the United States. Background: The literature about the link between the parenting status of having an adult child with a serious condition and maternal wellbeing can be advanced by systematic analysis of the cumulative role that this parenting status can play in maternal health over the life course as opposed to at any one point. Methods: Propensity score reweighting models of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 and its linked child and young adult data estimated disparities in midlife health among mothers of adult children with serious conditions (disabilities, developmental disorders, chronic diseases) and mothers of typically developing children, including examining variation by how long mothers had been in this parenting role and moderation by maternal education and marital status. Results: Mothers of young adult children with serious conditions had poorer physical (but not mental) health at midlife than other mothers, especially when more years had elapsed since the child was diagnosed with or developed the condition. These patterns did not differ by maternal education and marital status. |
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Bibliography Citation
Cha, Hyungmin and Robert Crosnoe. "The Health of Mothers of Adult Children with Serious Conditions." Journal of Marriage and Family published online (28 January 2022): DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12823.
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| 3. |
Cozzolino, Elizabeth Smith, Chelsea Crosnoe, Robert |
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Family-related Disparities in College Enrollment across the Great Recession Sociological Perspectives 61,5 (October 2018): 689-710. Also: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0731121418760542 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Pacific Sociological Association Keyword(s): College Enrollment; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Economic Changes/Recession; Family History; Family Income; Geocoded Data; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Unemployment Rate, Regional Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The economic crisis of the Great Recession in the late 2000s had implications for the intergenerational transmission of inequality within families. Studying patterns of college enrollment across the Great Recession among U.S. youth from diverse family contexts provides insight into how economic volatility can either compound or undercut the advantages that some parents can give their children. Although college enrollment among 18- to 21-year-olds did not decline during or after the Great Recession, analyses of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979-Young Adult cohort revealed that this general trend subsumed variability by family history, local economic conditions, and age. Histories of family stability and sufficiency were associated with higher odds of college enrollment over time and across age, but this advantage was largest during the Recession in high-unemployment communities. These results illuminate how life course consequences of early family life can fluctuate with volatility and opportunity in the broader economy. |
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Bibliography Citation
Cozzolino, Elizabeth, Chelsea Smith and Robert Crosnoe. "Family-related Disparities in College Enrollment across the Great Recession." Sociological Perspectives 61,5 (October 2018): 689-710.
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| 4. |
Crosnoe, Robert Johnston, Carol A. Cavanagh, Shannon Gershoff, Elizabeth T. |
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Family Formation History and the Psychological Well-Being of Women from Diverse Racial-Ethnic Groups Journal of Health and Social Behavior 64, 2 (24 March 2023): 261-279. Also: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00221465231159387 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Depression (see also CESD); Family Characteristics; Family Roles; Health, Mental/Psychological; Life Satisfaction; Motherhood; Mothers; Mothers, Health; Parental Marital Status; Parenthood; Racial Studies; Relationships/Partnerships; Women; Women, Black; Women, Latina; Women, White; Womens Health Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Studying disparities in psychological well-being across diverse groups of women can illuminate the racialized health risks of gendered family life. Integrating life course and demand–reward perspectives, this study applied sequencing techniques to the National Longitudinal Study of Youth: 1979 to reveal seven trajectories of partnership and parenthood through women’s 20s and 30s, including several in which parenthood followed partnership at different ages and with varying numbers of children and others characterized by nonmarital fertility or eschewing such roles altogether. These sequences differentiated positive and negative dimensions of women’s well-being in their 50s. Women who inhabited any family role had greater life satisfaction and fewer depressive symptoms, although these general patterns differed by race-ethnicity. Family roles were more closely related to well-being than ill-being for White women, parenthood had more pronounced importance across outcomes for Black women, and the coupling of partnership and parenthood generally mattered more for Latinas. |
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Bibliography Citation
Crosnoe, Robert, Carol A. Johnston, Shannon Cavanagh and Elizabeth T. Gershoff. "Family Formation History and the Psychological Well-Being of Women from Diverse Racial-Ethnic Groups." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 64, 2 (24 March 2023): 261-279.
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| 5. |
Crosnoe, Robert Smith, Chelsea |
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Structural Advantages, Personal Capacities, and Young Adult Functioning during the Great Recession Presented: San Diego CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April-May 2015 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Economic Changes/Recession; Family Formation; Family Structure; Grade Point Average (GPA)/Grades; Pearlin Mastery Scale; Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) (see Self-Esteem) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Past research has demonstrated that severe economic downturns can have a major impact on the life course, and the Great Recession is unlikely to be an exception. Informed by life course theory, we describe how the transition into adulthood may have been sped up or slowed down by the Great Recession and how these effects may have varied according to family backgrounds and psychological/behavioral capacities. Historical comparisons of multiple cohorts of young adults in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth--Young Adult cohort revealed some evidence that the Great Recession slowed down school enrollment, labor force entry, partnering, and becoming a parent among 18-25 year olds. The prevalence was especially low in the supposed recovery year of 2010, and school enrollment was the least affected status. This slow-down was more age group-specific for family roles. Variation by family background and psychological/behavioral factors was minimal. |
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Bibliography Citation
Crosnoe, Robert and Chelsea Smith. "Structural Advantages, Personal Capacities, and Young Adult Functioning during the Great Recession." Presented: San Diego CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April-May 2015. |
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Crosnoe, Robert Smith, Chelsea Strohschein, Lisa |
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Human Capital in the Family and Early Transitions into Parenthood in the United States and Canada Presented: Dublin, Ireland, Society for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (SLLS) International Conference, October 2015 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Society for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY); Cross-national Analysis; Educational Attainment; Human Capital; Parenthood Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Due to changing economic realities and evolving social norms, the age at which women and men transition in to parenthood is climbing in North America. Yet, despite this delayed parenthood, many men and women still become parents in their teens through early 20s, and these early transitions into parenthood are a window into both life course dynamics and societal inequality. Consider family human capital. The educational attainment of parents may factor into the timing of this transition because it is a marker of socioeconomic status, with all of the associated resources, opportunities, and norms, while the educational pathways of young people themselves may also matter because they shape current and future social and economic prospects. This multigenerational significance of human capital to the timing of parenthood, however, is likely structured by the broader institutional and cultural landscape. In Canada, the greater social safety net could blunt the degree to which human capital differentiates young people on early parenthood. At the same time, because of the greater prevalence of young parents in the U.S. (relative to Canada), early parenthood is less exceptional, possibly blunting the differentiating effects of human capital in that country. In this spirit, this study examines how transitions into parenthood are embedded in family histories within broader national contexts. We will apply event history analyses to the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979-Young Adult Survey (U.S.), examining the timing of births before the age of 22 (for women and men), how the educational attainment of parents and young people themselves predict this timing, and how these links between family human capital and the timing of parenthood vary between countries. Doing so will offer insights into the ways that societies reinforce and break intergenerational transmissions of inequality. |
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Bibliography Citation
Crosnoe, Robert, Chelsea Smith and Lisa Strohschein. "Human Capital in the Family and Early Transitions into Parenthood in the United States and Canada." Presented: Dublin, Ireland, Society for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies (SLLS) International Conference, October 2015. |
| 7. |
Green, Michael J. Stritzel, Haley Smith, Chelsea Popham, Frank Crosnoe, Robert |
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Timing of Poverty in Childhood and Adolescent Health: Evidence from the US and UK Social Science and Medicine 197 (January 2018): 136-143. Also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953617307347 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Adolescent Health; British Household Panel Survey (BHPS); Childhood Adversity/Trauma; Children, Poverty; Family Income; Health, Mental/Psychological; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Poverty; Smoking (see Cigarette Use) Childhood poverty is associated with poorer adolescent health and health behaviours, but the importance of the timing of poverty remains unclear. There may be critical or sensitive periods in early life or early adolescence, or poverty may have cumulative effects throughout childhood. Understanding when poverty is most important can support efficient timing of interventions to raise family income or buffer against the effects of low income, but answers may vary across social contexts. The US and the UK are a useful comparison with similar liberal approaches to cash transfers, but very different approaches to healthcare provision. Utilising data from large population studies in the US (n = 9408; born 1979-1996) and UK (n = 1204; born 1991-1997), this study employs a structured life course approach to compare competing hypotheses about the importance of the timing or pattern of childhood exposure to poverty in predicting adolescent health limitations, symptoms of psychiatric distress, and smoking at age 16 (age 15/16 in US). Household income histories identified experience of poverty (measured as <60% of the national median equivalised income for a given year) in early life (ages 0-5), mid-childhood (ages 6-10) and early adolescence (ages 11-15). The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) compared fit across models with variables representing different life course patterns of exposure to poverty. Adolescent distress was not associated with poverty in either country. In both countries, however, variables representing cumulative or persistent experiences of poverty exhibited optimal fit of all poverty exposure variables in predicting adolescent smoking and health limitations. There was also evidence of an early life sensitive period for smoking in the US. Poverty was more persistent in the US, but associations between poverty and outcomes were consistent across countries. Although poverty can have cumulative effects on health and behaviour, early interventions may offer the best long-term protection. |
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Bibliography Citation
Green, Michael J., Haley Stritzel, Chelsea Smith, Frank Popham and Robert Crosnoe. "Timing of Poverty in Childhood and Adolescent Health: Evidence from the US and UK." Social Science and Medicine 197 (January 2018): 136-143.
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| 8. |
Johnston, Carol A. Cavanagh, Shannon Crosnoe, Robert |
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Family Structure Patterns from Childhood through Adolescence and the Timing of Cohabitation among Diverse Groups of Young Adult Women and Men Developmental Psychology 56,1 (2020): 165-179. Also: https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2019-64496-001.html Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA) Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Family Structure; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Modeling, Latent Class Analysis/Latent Transition Analysis; Stepfamilies; Transition, Adulthood Family structure changes experienced by children are likely to shape their transitions into young adulthood, including the formation of their own romantic relationships. This study examined links between children's family structure trajectories from childhood through adolescence and their timing of entry into cohabitation as young adults, a transition with implications for future relationship instability through adulthood. Repeated measures latent class analysis identified configurations of family structures and family structure changes from birth through age 15 among 10,706 young people in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 Children and Young Adults. A Cox proportional hazard model then used the resulting classes to predict timing into cohabitation over the period from age 15 to age 38. Both timing of family structure transitions and the type of transitions (e.g., early transitioning into a stepfamily home) were associated with earlier entry into cohabitation. Notably, links between family structure trajectories and the timing of cohabitation differed by gender and race/ethnicity (Latinx, African American, White), such as a faster entry into cohabitation by women who experienced early entry into stepfamily structures. Regardless of gender, Latinx and White young adults were faster to enter into cohabitation if they lived in a stepfamily structure during early childhood. |
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Bibliography Citation
Johnston, Carol A., Shannon Cavanagh and Robert Crosnoe. "Family Structure Patterns from Childhood through Adolescence and the Timing of Cohabitation among Diverse Groups of Young Adult Women and Men." Developmental Psychology 56,1 (2020): 165-179.
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| 9. |
Johnston, Carol A. Crosnoe, Robert Mernitz, Sara E. Pollitt, Amanda |
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Two Methods for Studying the Developmental Significance of Family Structure Trajectories Journal of Marriage and Family published online (4 December 2019): DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12639. Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jomf.12639 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Family Structure; Methods/Methodology; Modeling, Latent Class Analysis/Latent Transition Analysis Objective: The objective of this research note is to use both sequence analysis (SA) and repeated‐measures latent class analysis (LCA) to identify children's family structure trajectories from birth through age 15 and compare how the two sets of trajectories predict alcohol use across the transition from adolescence into young adulthood. Method: The authors used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth-Child and Youth Cohort (N = 11,515) to identify clusters (using SA) and classes (using repeated‐measures LCA) that represented children's family structure trajectories from birth through age 15. Using two multiple‐group random slope models, the authors predicted alcohol use across adolescence and young adulthood (ages 16-24) among the clusters (Model 1) and classes (Model 2). Results: The SA identified five clusters, but the LCA further differentiated the sample with more detail on timing and identified eight classes. The sensitivity to timing in the LCA solution was substantively relevant to alcohol use across the transition to young adulthood. |
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Bibliography Citation
Johnston, Carol A., Robert Crosnoe, Sara E. Mernitz and Amanda Pollitt. "Two Methods for Studying the Developmental Significance of Family Structure Trajectories." Journal of Marriage and Family published online (4 December 2019): DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12639.
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| 10. |
Smith, Chelsea Crosnoe, Robert Chao, Shih-Yi |
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Family Background and Contemporary Changes in Young Adults' School-Work Transitions and Family Formation in the United States Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 46,A (December 2016): 3-10. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0276562416300099 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Family Background and Culture; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Labor Force Participation; Marriage; Parenthood; Transition, Adulthood; Transition, School to Work The oft-discussed lengthening of the transition into adulthood is unlikely uniform across diverse segments of the population. This study followed youth in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and 1997 cohorts (n = 12,686 and 8,984, respectively) from 16 to 32 years old to investigate this trend in the United States, examining cross-cohort changes in transitions with a focus on differences by family background. Logistic regressions revealed that young adults in the most recent cohort were less likely to have completed schooling, fully entered the labor force, married, or become parents by their 30s than those in the older cohort. The cross-cohort drop in young adults completing schooling was more pronounced among youth from more disadvantaged family backgrounds, the drop in entering the labor force and having children was more pronounced among those from more advantaged backgrounds, and the drop in marriage did not differ by family background. |
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Bibliography Citation
Smith, Chelsea, Robert Crosnoe and Shih-Yi Chao. "Family Background and Contemporary Changes in Young Adults' School-Work Transitions and Family Formation in the United States." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 46,A (December 2016): 3-10.
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| 11. |
Smith, Chelsea Strohschein, Lisa Crosnoe, Robert |
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Family Histories and Teen Pregnancy in the United States and Canada Journal of Marriage and Family 80,5 (October 2018): 1244-1258. Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jomf.12512 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY); Childhood Adversity/Trauma; Cross-national Analysis; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Family Structure; Poverty; Pregnancy, Adolescent Objective: This study took a long view of childhood experiences that can contribute to the risk of teen pregnancy in the United States and Canada, two countries with different norms and policies surrounding family life and inequality. Background: Teenage pregnancy is a major life experience arising from life course trajectories unfolding during a young woman's childhood. Cross‐national comparisons can elucidate family‐based pathways while embedding youth within broader national contexts of the United States and Canada, which are similar in some respects yet different in others. Method: Longitudinal data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Young Adult Survey (n = 3,122) and the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n = 2,517) connected childhood histories to teenage pregnancy. Competing risk models estimated the risk of teenage pregnancy with family structure changes and episodes in poverty during childhood. Results: Teenage pregnancy, family change, and poverty were more common in the United States. In the United States, only multiple experiences of instability and poverty were associated with greater risk of teenage pregnancy, but, in Canada, any experience of childhood disadvantage was associated with elevated risk. |
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Bibliography Citation
Smith, Chelsea, Lisa Strohschein and Robert Crosnoe. "Family Histories and Teen Pregnancy in the United States and Canada." Journal of Marriage and Family 80,5 (October 2018): 1244-1258.
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| 12. |
Stritzel, Haley Crosnoe, Robert |
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Unpacking the Linkages between Single Parent Households and Early Adolescent Adjustment Social Science Research 110 (February 2023): 102841. Also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X22001569 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Children, Mental Health; Depression (see also CESD); Family Structure; Parental Marital Status; Parents, Single Living with an unmarried mother is consistently associated with adjustment issues in adolescence, but these associations can vary by both time and place. Following life course theory, this study applied inverse probability of treatment weighting techniques to data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979) Children and Young Adults study (n = 5,597) to estimate various treatment effects of family structures through childhood and early adolescence on internalizing and externalizing dimensions of adjustment at age 14. Young people who lived with an unmarried (single or cohabiting) mother during early childhood and adolescence were more likely to drink and reported more depressive symptoms by age 14 than those with a married mother, with particularly strong associations between living with an unmarried mother during early adolescence and drinking. These associations, however, varied according to sociodemographic selection into family structures. They were strongest for youth who more closely resembled the average adolescent living with a married mother. |
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Bibliography Citation
Stritzel, Haley and Robert Crosnoe. "Unpacking the Linkages between Single Parent Households and Early Adolescent Adjustment." Social Science Research 110 (February 2023): 102841.
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| 13. |
Stritzel, Haley Green, Michael J. Crosnoe, Robert |
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A Cross-National Comparison of the Linkages between Family Structure Histories and Early Adolescent Substance Use Social Science and Medicine published online (15 November 2022): 115540. Also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953622008462 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Adolescent Health; Cross-national Analysis; Family Structure; Millennium Cohort Study (UK); Substance Use Family structure can influence adolescent health with cascading implications into adulthood. Life course theory emphasizes how this phenomenon is dynamic across time, contextualized in policy systems, and grounded in processes of selection and socialization. This study used data from the U.S. (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Child and Young Adults, n = 6236) and U.K. (Millennium Cohort Study, n = 11,095) to examine associations between a single mother family structure between ages 0-14 and early adolescent substance use at age 14 across time and place, using inverse probability of treatment weighting to explore how results varied by selection into family structure. In both countries, single parenthood, regardless of its timing during childhood, consistently predicted adolescent substance use when samples were re-weighted to resemble the overall population. However, when samples were re-weighted so that their background characteristics resembled those of actual single parent families, there was little evidence that single parenting posed risks, suggesting that single parenting might matter less for adolescents who are likely to experience it (and vice versa). In addition, more generous welfare policy in the U.K. than in the U.S. did not appear to have ameliorated the observed role of single parenting in adolescent substance use. Findings supported a model of disadvantage saturation, where single parenting has little additional impact over the myriad other disadvantages that single parent families tend to experience, rather than a model of cumulative disadvantage, where single parenting compounds or adds to other disadvantages. Policy and interventions might more valuably focus on these other disadvantages than on family structure. |
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Bibliography Citation
Stritzel, Haley, Michael J. Green and Robert Crosnoe. "A Cross-National Comparison of the Linkages between Family Structure Histories and Early Adolescent Substance Use." Social Science and Medicine published online (15 November 2022): 115540.
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