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Author: Berry, Eddy Helen
Resulting in 23 citations.
1. Berry, Eddy Helen
Lee, Sang Lim
Ortiz, Eduardo
Toney, Michael B.
Do They Just Keep on Moving or Do They Go Home? Internal Migration of Mexican-Origin, Non-Mexican Hispanics, Non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks in the U.S.
Presented: Barcelona, Spain, International Population Association Meeting (a.k.a. European Population Conference), July 2008.
Also: http://epc2008.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=80473
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: European Association for Population Studies (EAPS)
Keyword(s): Hispanic Studies; Hispanics; Immigrants; Labor Market Demographics; Labor Supply; Rural/Urban Migration; Socioeconomic Factors

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Over the past twenty years, since the United States' immigration reforms of the mid-1980s, the emphasis of academic research has been on the immigration of Latinos into the U.S. Analysis of Latino internal migration has tended to focus on whether their place in the U.S. labor markets and cultural milieu is one of spatial, segmented, or classical assimilation. There has been a growing body of literature on new destinations for Hispanic immigrants and on their spatial impacts on rural and urban communities but few analyses have disaggregated Hispanics into any of their distinctive ethnic backgrounds, e.g. Mexican (the largest group) or Puerto Rican, the second largest group. This analysis utilizes the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth, 1979, to follow the migration experiences of Mexican-origin, Puerto Rican, and non-Mexican origin Latinos. Examination of each group's migration propensities for primary, return or onward migrations are examined as these are related to the socioeconomic characteristics of each group and whether or not they tend to move toward or away from places with greater involvement in metro or nonmetro economies. All groups are more likely to move toward metropolitan places and onward migration is more likely than return migration for Hispanics.
Bibliography Citation
Berry, Eddy Helen, Sang Lim Lee, Eduardo Ortiz and Michael B. Toney. "Do They Just Keep on Moving or Do They Go Home? Internal Migration of Mexican-Origin, Non-Mexican Hispanics, Non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks in the U.S." Presented: Barcelona, Spain, International Population Association Meeting (a.k.a. European Population Conference), July 2008.
2. Berry, Eddy Helen
Lee, Sang Lim
Ortiz, Eduardo
Toney, Michael B.
Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Other Latino Origin Internal Migration in the U.S. A Panel Study of Migration Utilizing the NLSY79
Presented: Boston, MA, Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, April 2008.
Also: http://communicate.aag.org/eseries/aag_org/program/AbstractDetail.cfm?AbstractID=16545
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Association of American Geographers
Keyword(s): Ethnic Groups; Ethnic Studies; Hispanic Studies; Hispanics; Immigrants; Labor Market Segmentation; Migration Patterns; Mobility

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Due to changes in immigration laws in the 1980s, much research on immigration to the U.S. has focused on Hispanic immigration. This has been heavily influenced by labor market interests, and interest in the segmentation or assimilation of this rapidly growing group. Yet, generally, Hispanics are lumped into a single group and not disaggregated as Mexican-origin in comparison to Hispanics of other origins. The growing literature on the spatial distribution of Hispanics, particularly by demographers, has not disaggregated the group to understand how there may be differences between each ethnicity's migration patterns or the impetus for making internal migrations that have resulted in the spatial changes in residence of the group as a whole. In this paper we examine the internal migration of Mexican Latinos and non-Mexican Latinos, utilizing the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth, 1979. The panel study will allow us to compare and contrast each group's propensity for internal migration, their likelihood for repeat migration, and their likelihood of return or onward migrations. Preliminary results indicate that non-Mexican Latinos are more mobile than Mexican Latinos as a whole. All groups are more likely to move toward metropolitan places. Onward migration is more likely to occur for Latinos in general than is return migration.
Bibliography Citation
Berry, Eddy Helen, Sang Lim Lee, Eduardo Ortiz and Michael B. Toney. "Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Other Latino Origin Internal Migration in the U.S. A Panel Study of Migration Utilizing the NLSY79." Presented: Boston, MA, Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, April 2008.
3. Berry, Eddy Helen
Shillington, Audrey M.
Peak, Terry
Hohman, Melinda M.
Multi-ethnic Comparison of Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Pregnancy
Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 17,2 (April 2000): 79-96.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/vr818066h0001039/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Plenum Publishing Corporation
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Ethnic Groups; Hispanics; Marriage; Mothers, Adolescent; Poverty; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Racial Differences; Risk-Taking; Self-Esteem; Substance Use

Data from a longitudinal cohort study, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, were used to examine the differences in risk and protective factors for adolescent pregnancy among four ethnic groups--non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians. The objective was the identification of differential predictors for adolescent pregnancy among each ethnic group included in the analyses, as well as better comprehension of the differences among women who experienced a teen pregnancy compared to those who did not. Teen pregnancy was defined as having reported a pregnancy at age 19 yrs or younger. The model for this sample of 5,053 women (aged 23-31 yrs at the time of the survey) indicates that higher self-esteem and a higher level of maternal education are protective factors; living in poverty as a young teen, substance use, and adolescent marriage are factors associated with an increased risk for teen pregnancy. Further, the results indicate that unique sets of predictors exist for each ethnic group. Implications of these findings are discussed. ((c) 2000 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved)
Bibliography Citation
Berry, Eddy Helen, Audrey M. Shillington, Terry Peak and Melinda M. Hohman. "Multi-ethnic Comparison of Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Pregnancy." Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 17,2 (April 2000): 79-96.
4. Berry, Eddy Helen
Toney, Michael B.
Cromartie, John B.
Migration During the Relatively Stationary Mid-Life Years: Migration Among Mid-Lifers By County Context
Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2003.
Also: http://paa2003.princeton.edu/abstractViewer.asp?submissionId=61893
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Geocoded Data; Life Cycle Research; Migration; Migration Patterns; Rural Areas; Rural/Urban Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Initial migration among 18-25 year olds, when overall mobility levels are highest, is largely driven by widely shared life-cycle activities such as seeking education or exploring employment. Less is known about forces shaping (a) the migration decision or (b) the destination choices of 25-34 year old migrants, an age when income increases and family-building proliferates. For example, in rural areas the immigration of 25-34 year olds is more geographically concentrated than the outmigration of younger adults. As a result, many counties gain population among 25-34 year olds while areas with high net migration losses are distinguished more by low immigration than high outmigration. To examine this process, migration is examined, using the NLSY79 geocode data, to identify factors that trigger migration during the relatively stationary age 25-34 life phase. Individual variables include presence of children; marriage/divorce; employment; and migration history. Contextual variables including metro-nonmetro; retirement; or amenity county-types are examined.
Bibliography Citation
Berry, Eddy Helen, Michael B. Toney and John B. Cromartie. "Migration During the Relatively Stationary Mid-Life Years: Migration Among Mid-Lifers By County Context." Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2003.
5. Brooks, W. Trevor
Lee, Sang Lim
Toney, Michael B.
Berry, Eddy Helen
The Effects of Occupational Aspirations and Other Factors on the Out-Migration of Rural Youth
Journal of Rural and Community Development 5,3 (2010): 19-36.
Also: http://www.jrcd.ca/viewarticle.php?id=498
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Open Journal Systems
Keyword(s): Migration; Occupational Aspirations; Rural Areas; Rural Sociology

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Out-migration of youth from rural areas persists as one of the most serious threats to the sustainability of rural communities. This study provides a more rigorous examination than has been previously possible of whether occupational aspirations held by youth affect their long-term out-migration. The analysis is accomplished by examining the effects of occupational aspirations and known predictors of migration with five logistic regression models. We utilize data on rural youth in the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) which include a measure of occupational aspirations at a youthful age and allow for a long-term measure of subsequent migration. Results show that rural youth aspiring to professional and managerial occupations are more likely to be rural out-migrants at age 35 than are youth aspiring to blue collar occupations. This greater likelihood is true even with other recognized influences on migration being controlled. Other variables introduced in our logistic models are gender, race/ethnicity, mother’s education, length of residence, change in educational status, change in marital status, and actual occupation at age 35. We find that the effects of these variables on migration out of rural places largely persist when occupational aspirations are controlled. Our findings further substantiate the need for rural communities to increase career opportunities in professional and managerial occupations in order to reduce the out-migration of a large and vital segment of rural youth. Better knowledge about the odds of out-migration for other important determinants of migration should also be helpful in efforts to lessen the loss of rural youth.
Bibliography Citation
Brooks, W. Trevor, Sang Lim Lee, Michael B. Toney and Eddy Helen Berry. "The Effects of Occupational Aspirations and Other Factors on the Out-Migration of Rural Youth ." Journal of Rural and Community Development 5,3 (2010): 19-36.
6. Fedor, Theresa M.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Reither, Eric N.
Disparities in Birth Weight between Non-Hispanic Blacks and Non-Hispanic Whites: The Effect of Rural Residency
Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Birthweight; Family Structure; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Presence; Racial Differences; Rural/Urban Differences; Support Networks

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This research assesses the prevalence of low birth weight among non-Hispanic Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites along the rural/urban continuum. Degree of social isolation and lack of social support are proposed mechanisms for explaining the high prevalence of low birth weight observed among Blacks in rural counties. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Child data, the relative odds of low birth weight were estimated for Black and White women via logistic regression. Living in a predominately rural county exacerbates disparities in birth weight outcomes between Blacks and Whites. Logistic regression models also revealed that racial disparities in low birth weight were almost completely accounted for by the presence of the father in the household. Our results highlight the importance of place of residence and family structures for health outcomes among racial minorities.
Bibliography Citation
Fedor, Theresa M., Eddy Helen Berry and Eric N. Reither. "Disparities in Birth Weight between Non-Hispanic Blacks and Non-Hispanic Whites: The Effect of Rural Residency." Presented: Dallas, TX, Population Association of America Meetings, April 2010.
7. Guo, Yan
Berry, Eddy Helen
Marquart-Pratt, Sandra T.
Comparing Youth Migration in the United States: Evidence from the NLSY79 and NLSY97
Presented: Warsaw, Poland, European Survey Research Association, June-July 2009.
Also: http://surveymethodology.eu/conferences/warsaw-2009/presentation/353/
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: European Survey Reseach Association (ESRA)
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Employment, Youth; Life Course; Marital Status; Migration Patterns; Mobility

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Americans are known for their highly mobility, as during the 1990s, the "average" person in the United States moved about eleven times throughout the course of his life. Youths especially have high mobility rates. Previous research demonstrates that period and cohort effects are important to address with regard to explaining migration across individuals and across time. This research compares youth migration experience (ages 16 to 26 years) in the U.S. using two national longitudinal surveys, NLSY79 and NLSY97, including ten waves of data for each cohort. First, migration rates of youths across these two groups are compared. Next, the factors influencing migration are examined for both age groups across three types of migration: primary, onward and return. We emphasize comparison of what motivates migration across the groups, focusing on a core set of explanatory factors. We also examine key changes occurring in youths' life course: changes in marital status, educational attainment and employment as key dimensions of similarity or difference across the two time periods. Features of the longitudinal analysis are highlighted, especially with regard to using person-year periods and the question of repeated observations across individuals. We discuss key findings of the research as pertain to future studies of youth migration.
Bibliography Citation
Guo, Yan, Eddy Helen Berry and Sandra T. Marquart-Pratt. "Comparing Youth Migration in the United States: Evidence from the NLSY79 and NLSY97." Presented: Warsaw, Poland, European Survey Research Association, June-July 2009.
8. Guo, Yan
Marquart-Pratt, Sandra T.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Comparing Migration Consequences Across Cohorts
Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America, April 2008.
Also: http://paa2008.princeton.edu/abstractViewer.aspx?submissionId=81707
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Economics of Minorities; Economics, Demographic; Economics, Regional; Labor Economics; Life Course; Migration Patterns

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Previous research demonstrates that migration patterns differ across groups. Migration can also be shaped by broader processes of social change such as political and economic shifts, which take place at various levels of interaction, including local, national, and, in some instances, global scales. This research compares migration patterns across two cohorts using NLSY data (NLSY79 and NLSY97) in order to compare patterns of migration across these two cohorts and examine how they differ on various dimensions, including individual characteristics, migration types, and with regard to key life transitions such as entry into the labor market. Of key interest is the extent to which community level attributes and/or broader social forces influence patterns of migration in conjunction with various individual-level processes noted to be influential in previous research. Preliminary results show some group-based differences, though further exploration is required. Later analyses will integrate community characteristics as another potential source of variation.
Bibliography Citation
Guo, Yan, Sandra T. Marquart-Pratt and Eddy Helen Berry. "Comparing Migration Consequences Across Cohorts." Presented: New Orleans, LA, Population Association of America, April 2008.
9. Lee, Chung-Won
Toney, Michael B.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Non-clinical Risk Factors for Hysterectomy
Presented: Philadelphia, PA, American Public Health Association (APHA) 130th Annual Meeting, November 2002.
Also: http://apha.confex.com/apha/130am/techprogram/paper_47155.htm
Cohort(s): Mature Women
Publisher: American Public Health Association
Keyword(s): Behavioral Differences; Educational Costs; Employment; Marital Status; Socioeconomic Background; Socioeconomic Factors

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

In the United States, hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed operations for women that is not related with pregnancy. However, not enough attention has been paid to how women's exposure to the surgery differs according to their social characteristics as well attitudinal/behavioral factors. Using cohort data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Mature Women, this study investigated two aspects: (1) the association between socioeconomic status and hysterectomy and (2) the impact of women's attitudinal/behavioral characteristics on hysterectomy. With Cox proportional hazards analyses, this study found that women's exposure to hysterectomy significantly differs according to their social and attitudinal standings. Social characteristics that were found to be statistically significant risk factors of hysterectomy include women's education, employment status, and marital status. Among attitudinal and behavioral factors, women's locus of control and number of children were identified as statistically significant risk factors. These findings may be used to enhance consumer awareness of hysterectomy and aid in policy reconstruction.
Bibliography Citation
Lee, Chung-Won, Michael B. Toney and Eddy Helen Berry. "Non-clinical Risk Factors for Hysterectomy." Presented: Philadelphia, PA, American Public Health Association (APHA) 130th Annual Meeting, November 2002.
10. Lee, Ji-Youn
Berry, Eddy Helen
Toney, Michael B.
The Effects of Status Inconsistency between Spouses on Migration in the United States: Propensities and Rural-Urban Destination Selections
Korea Journal of Population Studies 26,2 (2003): 197-219
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Han'guk In'guhak
Keyword(s): Education; Educational Status; Gender Attitudes/Roles; Gender Differences; Migration Patterns; Rural/Urban Migration; Wives

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using the panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79, we test the effects of relative status inconsistency within American young couples on the direction of migration as well as on migration propensities. Key findings in this study indicate that only couples in which the wife's education is greater than the husband's education are less likely to migrate than couples for which the wife's status is as lower than the husband's. There are no differences in the propensity for rural couples to migrate to urban counties or for urban couples to migrate to rural counties based on status inconsistency between spouses. However, we find that there is the gendered difference in the effect of status inconsistency on the probability of family migration. A spouse's higher status has an impact on a wife's probability of migration but does not affect a husband's migration propensity in a comparable situation. These findings are most consistent with a gender role perspective on migration since increases in the wife's status have little effect on family migration, once the presence and age of children is controlled.
Bibliography Citation
Lee, Ji-Youn, Eddy Helen Berry and Michael B. Toney. "The Effects of Status Inconsistency between Spouses on Migration in the United States: Propensities and Rural-Urban Destination Selections." Korea Journal of Population Studies 26,2 (2003): 197-219.
11. Lee, Ji-Youn
Berry, Eddy Helen
Toney, Michael B.
The Effects of Status Inconsistency between Spouses on Migration: Analysis of NLSY79 Couples
Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2003.
Also: http://paa2003.princeton.edu/abstractViewer.asp?submissionId=62819
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Earnings, Husbands; Earnings, Wives; Education; Educational Status; Family Resources; Migration

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using the concept of status inconsistency and family resources theory as the base, we test influences of relative educational and income status between spouses on family migration. Panel data from the NLSY79 indicates that only one form of status inconsistency within the couple do affect the probability of migration. The greater educational status of wives decreases the probability of migration, while the wife's relative economic position does not depress the likelihood of migration. However, we find that there is the gendered difference in the effect of status inconsistency on the probability of migration. A spouse's higher status has an impact on a wife's probability of migration but does not affect a husband's migration propensity in a comparable situation. It cannot be accounted by both the human capital and the family resource theory, since the asymmetrical power relation between husbands and wives seems to be imposed outside the family.
Bibliography Citation
Lee, Ji-Youn, Eddy Helen Berry and Michael B. Toney. "The Effects of Status Inconsistency between Spouses on Migration: Analysis of NLSY79 Couples." Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, May 2003.
12. Lee, Ji-Youn
Toney, Michael B.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Social Status Inconsistency and Migration
Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 27,1 (March 2009): 35-49.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0276562408000322
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Educational Status; Migration Patterns; Rural/Urban Migration; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

We use NLSY79 panel data to extend the line of sociological research encouraged in the early work of Lenski by analyzing the effects of social status inconsistencies on the likelihood and direction of migration. Given that migration is often viewed as a way for individuals to locate prospective returns fitting for their qualifications, analysis of migration behavior offers an opportunity to examine the impact of status inconsistency. Key findings indicate that under-rewarded individuals, specifically relatively highly educated individuals in low status and low paying occupations, are more likely to migrate than are status consistent individuals. Over-rewarded individuals are less likely to migrate. These findings vary across metropolitan and nonmetropolitan places: individuals in nonmetropolitan areas who are under-rewarded or have mixed statuses have higher odds of migration than status consistent respondents. Individuals in metropolitan areas with inconsistent statuses are not more likely to migrate than status consistent respondents once other determinants of migration are entered in the analysis. Exploratory analysis shows migration increases the likelihood of achieving status consistency. Further examination of the interrelationship between migration and status inconsistency is recommended.
Bibliography Citation
Lee, Ji-Youn, Michael B. Toney and Eddy Helen Berry. "Social Status Inconsistency and Migration." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 27,1 (March 2009): 35-49.
13. Ortiz, Eduardo
Berry, Eddy Helen
Lee, Sang Lim
Toney, Michael B.
Internal Migration of Mexican and Other Hispanics: Comparisons of Primary and Repeat Migration in the United States
Presented: Portland, OR, Pacific Sociological Association Meeting, April 2008.
Also: http://www.pacificsoc.org/2006/03/2008-annual-mee.html
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Pacific Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Ethnic Groups; Hispanics; Migration

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Bibliography Citation
Ortiz, Eduardo, Eddy Helen Berry, Sang Lim Lee and Michael B. Toney. "Internal Migration of Mexican and Other Hispanics: Comparisons of Primary and Repeat Migration in the United States." Presented: Portland, OR, Pacific Sociological Association Meeting, April 2008.
14. Ortiz, Eduardo
Berry, Eddy Helen
Toney, Michael B.
Lee, Sang Lim
Effects of Socioeconomic Factors on the Migration of Mexicans and Other Hispanics within the United States: A Comparison across Primary and Repeat Migration Types
Presented: Seattle WA, Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting, March 2011
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Pacific Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Ethnic Differences; Hispanics; Migration

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This study uses multinomial logistic regression to compare the primary and repeat migration of Mexicans with Hispanics of other national origins. Repeat migration is broken into three categories for the multinomial analysis. In our basic model Mexicans are much more likely to make return migrations than are other Hispanics but these differences are reduced to non-significance when socioeconomic factors and duration of residence are included in Model 4. Mexicans and other Hispanics who have never migrated are equally likely to make a primary migration.
Bibliography Citation
Ortiz, Eduardo, Eddy Helen Berry, Michael B. Toney and Sang Lim Lee. "Effects of Socioeconomic Factors on the Migration of Mexicans and Other Hispanics within the United States: A Comparison across Primary and Repeat Migration Types." Presented: Seattle WA, Pacific Sociological Association Annual Meeting, March 2011.
15. Ortiz, Eduardo
Lee, Sang Lim
Berry, Eddy Helen
Toney, Michael B.
Descriptive Comparisons of the Internal Migration of Mexican Heritage vs. Other Heritage Hispanics in the United States
Population and Society 6,1 (May 2010): 31-62.
Also: http://www.ipar.re.kr/journal/pdf/ps6-1-2.pdf
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Institute of Population and Aging Research
Keyword(s): Geographical Variation; Hispanic Studies; Hispanics; Migration; Socioeconomic Factors

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

[Editor's note: This article may never have been published. It is listed in only one of the authors CV's as "In Preparation for Population and Society." The on-line journal "Population and Society cannot currently be found.
The Population Research Laboratory (PRL) at Utah State University lists a similar title:
Ortiz, Eduardo, Sang Lim Lee, E. H. Berry, and M. B. Toney. 2010. "Comparative Longitudinal Internal Migration of U.S. Mexican, Puerto Rican and Other Hispanics.” Population and Society (in press).]

Hispanics are the most rapidly growing ethnic group in the United States. Past research has shown socioeconomic differences between Hispanics from different national origins and suggests that various aspects of Hispanic migration within the U.S. might differ depending on that national origin. Utilizing the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) permits the first descriptive comparison of rates of primary and repeat migration of Mexican heritage Hispanics with other Hispanic groups. Analysis of repeat migration focuses on comparisons of return and onward migration. The comparisons of Mexican Hispanics with other Hispanics reveal little differences between these national origin groupings in rates of primary, return and onward migration. Rates of primary migration for Mexicans and other Hispanics are low and vary little from the overall rates of 3.6 percent to 4.3 percent across thirty subgroups identified by sociodemographic characteristics. Although the rates of return and onward migration are higher than primary migration rates, differences between Mexican and other Hispanic groups are not very large. Reporting the lack of differences is important since prior research suggested major differences were likely. What appear to be different between Mexican heritage and other Hispanic heritage groups are the geographic origins from which each group emigrates and to which each group immigrates. Because migration de stinati on is closely associated with location of jobs but also with the location of co-nationals, future research should include multivariate analysis and incorporate theoretical perspectives that help understand this migration of Hispanic groups in the U.S..

Bibliography Citation
Ortiz, Eduardo, Sang Lim Lee, Eddy Helen Berry and Michael B. Toney. "Descriptive Comparisons of the Internal Migration of Mexican Heritage vs. Other Heritage Hispanics in the United States." Population and Society 6,1 (May 2010): 31-62.
16. Shillington, Audrey M.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Peak, Terry
Multi-Ethnic Longitudinal Comparison of Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Pregnancy: A Focus on American Indian Women
Working Paper, School of Social Work, San Diego State University, 1998
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: School of Social Work, San Diego State University
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Ethnic Differences; Hispanics; Mothers, Education; Poverty; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Substance Use; Teenagers

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

A longitudinal, cohort design has been used by the investigators of the N.L. S.Y. study. These data are used to study the differences in risk and protective factors for adolescent pregnancy among four ethnic groups -- non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and for the first time, American Indians. Objectives include identification of any unique risk factors for adolescent pregnancy among each ethnic group included in the analyses, as well as better comprehension of the differences among women who experienced a teen pregnancy compared to those who did not. The model for this sample of 5,053 women indicates that a higher self-esteem and a higher level of maternal education is associated with less risk for teen pregnancy. Living in poverty as a young teen, substance use, and adolescent marriage are all associated with experiencing a teen pregnancy. Further, the results indicate that unique models of predictors exist for each ethnic group. These findings imply that, for certain populations, there is an increased need for educational efforts to reduce the risk for teen pregnancy.
Bibliography Citation
Shillington, Audrey M., Eddy Helen Berry and Terry Peak. "Multi-Ethnic Longitudinal Comparison of Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Pregnancy: A Focus on American Indian Women." Working Paper, School of Social Work, San Diego State University, 1998.
17. Toney, Michael B.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Cromartie, John B.
Primary and Repeat Migration: Comparisons of Hispanics, Black and non-Hispanic White Migration in the United States
Presented: Salt Lake City, UT, Western Social Science Association Annual Meeting, April 2004.
Also: http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/ir-main&CISOPTR=1009
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Western Social Science Association
Keyword(s): Behavioral Differences; Demography; Ethnic Differences; Migration Patterns; Racial Differences; Residence; Socioeconomic Background; Socioeconomic Factors

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Repetitive behavior is widespread in human life. This applies in areas of behaviors that are typically infrequent as well as normative daily routines. Yet, some individual never engage in some behaviors and individuals who initiate particular behaviors differ in the extent to which the behavior is repeated. In demography, one of the areas in which this general principle applies is between prior migration and subsequent migration with prior migrants being much more likely to migrate again than individual who have never migrated are to make a first migration. A major classification that emerged from this research was between primary migration and repeat migration with length of residence as a key consideration for prior migrants. Although a rich body of research emerged on this relationship (Goldstein 1954; DaVanzo and Morrison 1981) little recent research has built on this important area of migration research. Also, while there is an extensive body of research on Hispanic immigrants in the United States there is little research that compares the internal migration of Hispanics with non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks. A common note in the early research on primary and repeat migration was the need to examine the extent to which the relationship held across socioeconomic groups and settings. The main purpose of this research is to examine the extent to which Hispanic, Black and White primary and repeat migration rates differ once other migration related variables are controlled. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth that began in 1979 are used in the analysis. During the study period the respondents transit the ages during which families and careers are typically launched and when migration rates are high.
Bibliography Citation
Toney, Michael B., Eddy Helen Berry and John B. Cromartie. "Primary and Repeat Migration: Comparisons of Hispanics, Black and non-Hispanic White Migration in the United States." Presented: Salt Lake City, UT, Western Social Science Association Annual Meeting, April 2004.
18. Wilson-Figueroa, Maria E.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Toney, Michael B.
Migration of Hispanic Youth and Poverty Status: A Logit Analysis
Rural Sociology 56,2 (June 1991): 189-203.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00431.x/abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Rural Sociological Society
Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Gender Differences; Hispanic Youth; Hispanics; Migration; Mobility; Occupational Status; Poverty; Unemployment Rate; Welfare

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The research investigated whether poor Hispanic youth exhibited less migration than nonpoor Hispanic youth. The hypothesis was that migration is a means to escape poverty, although poverty acts as an inhibitor to migration. The data for the study were derived from NLSY and the 1988 County and City Data Book (U. S. Census Bureau). Individual migration between 1984 and 1986 for 1,466 Hispanic respondents who were ages 14-21 in 1979 was the dependent variable. Log linear modeling was used to analyze the data. Microlevel variables (characteristics of respondents) were: sex, occupation status, educational attainment, public assistance, and poverty status. Macrolevel variables (characteristics of counties) were: unemployment rate and percentage of families poor (i.e. below the poverty level). Results showed partial support for the hypothesis, depending on how poverty was defined. Poverty status places limitations on the geographical mobility of Hispanics and may limit their ability to upgrade their socioeconomic status; therefore, policy makers need to concentrate on providing education and training to Hispanic youth. The educational attainment of Hispanics remains below the level of their non-Hispanic counterparts and Hispanics tend to have higher rates of unemployment than whites. Policies should target employment opportunities for Hispanics. [ERIC ED329397]
Bibliography Citation
Wilson-Figueroa, Maria E., Eddy Helen Berry and Michael B. Toney. "Migration of Hispanic Youth and Poverty Status: A Logit Analysis." Rural Sociology 56,2 (June 1991): 189-203.
19. Wilson-Figueroa, Maria E.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Toney, Michael B.
Migration of Hispanic Youth and Poverty Status: A Logit Analysis
Presented: Louisville, KY, Southern Demographic Association 21st Annual Meeting, October 1990.
Also: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED329397&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED329397
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Southern Demographic Association (SDA)
Keyword(s): Hispanic Youth; Migration; Minorities, Youth; Modeling, Logit; Poverty; Welfare

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

An Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) document, ED329397 is also available at: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED329397&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED329397

The research investigated whether poor Hispanic youth exhibited less migration than nonpoor Hispanic youth. The hypothesis was that migration is a means to escape poverty, although poverty acts as an inhibitor to migration. The data for the study were derived from The Youth Cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey (NLS/Y) and the 1988 County and City Data Book (U.S. Census Bureau). Individual migration between 1984 and 1986 for 1,466 Hispanic respondents who were ages 14-21 in 1979 was the dependent variable. Log linear modeling was used to analyze the data. Microlevel variables (characteristics of respondents) were: sex, occupation status, educational attainment, public assistance, and poverty status. Macrolevel variables (characteristics of counties) were: unemployment rate and percentage of families poor (i.e., below the poverty level). Results showed partial support for the hypothesis, depending on how poverty was defined. Poverty status places limitations on the geographical mobility of Hispanics and may limit their ability to upgrade their socioeconomic status; therefore, policymakers need to concentrate on providing education and training to Hispanic youth. The educational attainment of Hispanics remains below the level of their non-Hispanic counterparts and Hispanics tend to have higher rates of unemployment than Whites. Policies should target employment opportunities for Hispanics. (KS)

Bibliography Citation
Wilson-Figueroa, Maria E., Eddy Helen Berry and Michael B. Toney. "Migration of Hispanic Youth and Poverty Status: A Logit Analysis." Presented: Louisville, KY, Southern Demographic Association 21st Annual Meeting, October 1990.
20. Wilson, Beth A.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Toney, Michael B.
Breaking New Ground: A Longitudinal Comparison of Onward Migration by Hispanics, Blacks and Whites in the US
Population and Society 4,2 (2008):1-27.
Also: http://www.ipar.re.kr/journal/pdf/ps4-2-1.pdf
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Institute of Population and Aging Research
Keyword(s): Ethnic Studies; Migration; Minority Groups

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Although movement to new and unfamiliar places, referred to as onward migration, is prominent in the conceptualization of migration, this form of migration has seldom been the focus of empirical research. This lack of intense analysis of onward migration is largely a result of the past data limitations. The foremost purpose of the research presented here is to lessen this gap by comparing the odds of onward migration of Hispanics, blacks, and whites in the United States. Goldscheider and Uhlenberg's basic minority group status hypothesis is used to guide the investigation. The minority status hypothesis posits that even when groups that have been assimilated into a society with respect to social and economic characteristics, differences in some social behaviors might persist. Utilizing a panel survey of young adults that is nationally representative of the U.S., NLSY79, this study finds significantly higher odds of onward migration for whites than for Hispanics and blacks, two major minority groups in American society. A secondary purpose of the study is to report the observed relationships between onward migration and thirteen control variables that are introduced to provide a rigorous test of the minority group status hypothesis.
Bibliography Citation
Wilson, Beth A., Eddy Helen Berry and Michael B. Toney. "Breaking New Ground: A Longitudinal Comparison of Onward Migration by Hispanics, Blacks and Whites in the US ." Population and Society 4,2 (2008):1-27.
21. Wilson, Beth A.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Toney, Michael B.
Kim, Young-Taek
Cromartie, John B.
A Panel Based Analysis of the Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Other Individual Level Characteristics at Leaving on Returning
Population Research and Policy Review 28,4 (August 2009): 405-428.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/8r38phn7g765jj0q/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Keyword(s): Education; Employment; Ethnic Groups; Ethnic Studies; Gender Differences; Migration; Migration Patterns

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Individual level differentials between migrants and nonmigrants are examined to ascertain the likelihood of return migration to a prior residence based on characteristics at the time of departure from place of origin. Analysis focuses on comparisons of Hispanics, blacks and whites, examining the odds of return migration by education, employment status, marital status, home ownership, length of residence, gender, age, and migration interval. The 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) is utilized to identify 13,798 preliminary migrations that may be followed by at least one return migration. Findings indicate a sharp decline in propensity to return migrate as length of absence from origin increases. Regardless of length of time since the preliminary migration, both blacks and Hispanics are more likely to return migrate than are whites. Individuals who resided at place of origin for longer periods before leaving had strikingly higher odds for return migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Bibliography Citation
Wilson, Beth A., Eddy Helen Berry, Michael B. Toney, Young-Taek Kim and John B. Cromartie. "A Panel Based Analysis of the Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Other Individual Level Characteristics at Leaving on Returning." Population Research and Policy Review 28,4 (August 2009): 405-428.
22. Wilson, Beth A.
Toney, Michael B.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Onward Migration Differentials among Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites
Presented: Los Angeles, CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March 2006.
Also: http://paa2006.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=60651
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Ethnic Differences; Human Capital; Migration; Migration Patterns; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Although movement to new and unfamiliar places is prominent in the conceptualization of migration, few studies have detailed differentials specific to onward migration. A larger body of research is focused on return migration, or the movement back to familiar places. This study utilizes the NLSY79 to build on the earlier panel based investigation of repeat migration by DaVanzo and Morrison, whose data did not allow for analysis of possible racial/ethnic differences in forms of repeat migration. Multivariable logistic regression is utilized to examine the characteristics of onward migrants compared across Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites, as well as a variety of human capital variables in the NLSY79. The most important finding of this study is significantly lower rates of onward migration for blacks and Hispanics than for whites.
Bibliography Citation
Wilson, Beth A., Michael B. Toney and Eddy Helen Berry. "Onward Migration Differentials among Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites." Presented: Los Angeles, CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March 2006.
23. Wilson, Beth A.
Toney, Michael B.
Berry, Eddy Helen
Onward Migration Differentials among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites in the U.S. 1979-2002
Presented: Oakland, CA, Pacific Sociological Association Meeting, March 2007
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Pacific Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Ethnic Differences; Human Capital; Migration; Migration Patterns; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

See also, in this bibliography:
WILSON, BETH A.
TONEY, MICHAEL B.
BERRY, E. HELEN
Onward Migration Differentials among Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites
Presented: Los Angeles, CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March 2006. Also: http://paa2006.princeton.edu/download.aspx?submissionId=60651
Cohort(s): NLSY79
ID Number: 6331
Publisher: Population Association of America
Bibliography Citation
Wilson, Beth A., Michael B. Toney and Eddy Helen Berry. "Onward Migration Differentials among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites in the U.S. 1979-2002." Presented: Oakland, CA, Pacific Sociological Association Meeting, March 2007.