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Title: Income Dynamics and Behavior Problems in Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, and the Transition to Adolescence
Resulting in 1 citation.
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Miller, Portia Whitfield, Kendra Betancur, Laura Votruba-Drzal, Elizabeth |
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Income Dynamics and Behavior Problems in Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, and the Transition to Adolescence Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 77 (November-December 2021): 101345. Also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0193397321001088 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Children, Behavioral Development; Family Income; Income Dynamics/Shocks Income inequality and volatility have reached historically high levels in the U.S. Despite prior research documenting income disparities in externalizing and internalizing problems, studies have not delineated how aspects of income dynamics (i.e., annual income level versus income volatility) are linked to externalizing and internalizing across childhood. This study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and its child supplement (N = 8942) to examine associations between income dynamics and externalizing and internalizing in early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence. Annual income had negative associations with both externalizing and internalizing. Income losses related to higher externalizing and internalizing throughout development. Considering timing-specific income dynamics, both early childhood income and contemporaneous income negatively predicted behavioral functioning, while only contemporaneous income loss related to increased symptoms. Results illustrate that early childhood income is key to behavioral development, but income dynamics throughout childhood also relate to behavioral functioning. |
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Bibliography Citation
Miller, Portia, Kendra Whitfield, Laura Betancur and Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal. "Income Dynamics and Behavior Problems in Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, and the Transition to Adolescence." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 77 (November-December 2021): 101345.
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