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Source: Center for Demography and Ecology

Resulting in 11 citations.

1.	Cook, Steven T. Delgado, Enilda Arbona Sandefur, Gary D.
1.	Coping with a Premaritally-Conceived Birth CDE Working Paper No. 98-18, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1998. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu:80/cde/cdewp/98-18ab.htm Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Childbearing; Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Cohabitation; Economic Well-Being; Fertility; Marital Stability; Mothers, Education; Mothers, Race; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Residence Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Births that are conceived before a first marriage result in difficult decisions about where and with whom the mother should live, and how she should support herself and her child. These decisions are influenced by personal characteristics of the young mother and by her living arrangements and activities before the conception. We use data from the 1979-1992 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to examine the distributions of living arrangements and the economic wellbeing of young women after a birth that results from a premarital pregnancy. Our findings show that approximately 37 percent of the young women who have such births live with their husbands in the year following the birth, while 1/3 live with their parents, 12 percent cohabit, and 18 percent are on their own and unmarried. Race, education, living arrangements prior to conception, and other characteristics of the mothers are associated with living arrangements and economic wellbeing after the birth has occurred. Available on-line only.
	Bibliography Citation Cook, Steven T., Enilda Arbona Delgado and Gary D. Sandefur. "Coping with a Premaritally-Conceived Birth." CDE Working Paper No. 98-18, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1998.

2.	Hauser, Robert M. Kuo, Hsiang-Hui Daphne
2.	Does the Gender Composition of Sibships Affect Educational Attainment? CDE Working Paper No. 95-06, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1995. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/95-06.pdf Cohort(s): Mature Women, NLS General Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Educational Attainment; Gender Differences; Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID); Siblings; Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP); Women's Education Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the November 1989 Current Population Survey, and the National Longitudinal Study of Women suggest that women with sisters have completed less schooling than women without sisters. This hypothesis follows a long tradition of theories about the effects of sibling number and configuration. There is relatively weak evidence for this hypothesis in the analysis on which the findings are based. Analyses of the effects of sibling gender composition on educational attainment among cohorts of women and men in the Occupational Changes in a Generation Survey, the Survey of Income and Program Participation, and the National Survey of Families and Households offer no support for this hypothesis or for other related hypotheses about the effects of the gender composition of sibships.
	Bibliography Citation Hauser, Robert M. and Hsiang-Hui Daphne Kuo. "Does the Gender Composition of Sibships Affect Educational Attainment?" CDE Working Paper No. 95-06, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1995.

3.	Mare, Robert D.
3.	Socioeconomic Careers and Differential Mortality Among Older Men in the United States CDE Working Paper No. 87-30, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1986. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/1987papers.htm Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Family Income; Family Influences; Mortality; Occupations; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper is a preliminary examination of the effects of family, socioeconomic and labor force status on the mortality of older males. Utilizing data from the NLS of Older Men, variations in occurrence and timing of death among various demographic groups and influences on mortality of 'early' vs 'later' life decisions and experiences are analyzed. Future research goals are summarized.
	Bibliography Citation Mare, Robert D. "Socioeconomic Careers and Differential Mortality Among Older Men in the United States." CDE Working Paper No. 87-30, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1986.

4.	Mare, Robert D. Palloni, Alberto
4.	Couple Models for Socioeconomic Effects on the Mortality of Older Persons CDE Working Paper No. 88-7, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1988. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/1988papers.htm Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Age and Ageing; Husbands; Mortality; Pairs (also see Siblings); Variables, Independent - Covariate; Wives Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper develops and applies models for the multivariate analysis of survival processes when observations are naturally paired. These models include bivariate tobit models for observations drawn from censored bivariate normal distributions, bivariate hazard models, and models based on pair rank data. These models provide alternative ways of estimating the effects of the covariates of survival within pairs while controlling for unobserved factors that are shared by members of the pair. The models make varying distributational assumptions about the age pattern of survival and about unobserved pair-level determinants of survival. The models are applied to the assessment of socioeconomic effects on mortality on husbands and wives in the U.S. using the NLS of Older Men. Bivariate survival models provide a systematic way of assessing common, cross-spouse, and within- spouse effects of education, occupational status, and other sociodemographic predictors of mortality, as well as bereavement and widowhood effects. Most socioeconomic influences on mortality are through their effects on shared experiences of spouses rather than person-specific mechanisms. In the application presented here, the bivariate tobit, bivariate hazard, and pair rank models yield similar results.
	Bibliography Citation Mare, Robert D. and Alberto Palloni. "Couple Models for Socioeconomic Effects on the Mortality of Older Persons." CDE Working Paper No. 88-7, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1988.

5.	Martin, Steven P. Wu, Lawrence L.
5.	The Subsequent Fertility of Adolescent Mothers in the United States CDE Working Paper No. 98-01, Center for Demography and Ecology, Madison WI: University of Wisconsin - Madison, May 1998. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/1998papers.htm Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at First Birth; Birth Rate; Childbearing; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Ethnic Differences; Mothers, Adolescent; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Also: Presented: Toronto, Canada, Annual Meetings of the American Sociological Association, August 1997 This paper describes recent patterns in the subsequent fertility of women in the United States by comparing rates of second and higher-order births for women with teen and nonteen first births. We expand upon previous work by paying particular attention to issues related to the spacing of second births. We pose and answer three questions concerning the pace and tempo of second and higher-order births. First, is an early first birth associated with a quicker overall pace of second births? Second, is an early first birth associated with higher second birth rates during the first few months postpartum? And third, does an early first birth or a closely spaced second birth speed the pace of higher-order births? For black women, we find that a first birth before age eighteen speeds the overall pace of second births by about 25 percent, and that part of this overall difference is due to a doubling of the pace of second births in the first 15 months postpartum. For white women, we find no association between a first birth before age eighteen and the overall pace of second births, but a strong positive association between an adolescent first birth and the pace of second births in the 15 months postpartum, and a negative association at longer durations. For black and white women, an early age at first birth is associated with a faster pace of third births, an effect that appears to persist for fourth births. However, a closely spaced second birth is at least as strongly associated with a fast pace of third and later births as is an adolescent first birth. These results suggest substantial spacing effects on second and higher order births that, in several instances, outweigh effects of a teen first birth. We discuss implications of these findings for policies concerning teen childbearing and argue for special attention to pregnancy prevention in the six months immedia tely following a first birth.
	Bibliography Citation Martin, Steven P. and Lawrence L. Wu. "The Subsequent Fertility of Adolescent Mothers in the United States." CDE Working Paper No. 98-01, Center for Demography and Ecology, Madison WI: University of Wisconsin - Madison, May 1998.

6.	Phang, Hanam S.
6.	Employment-Nonemployment Transitions over the Life Course among Young Women of NLSY 1979-1992: A Longitudinal Analyisis (sic) CDE Working Paper No. 95-09, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1995. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/95-09ab.htm Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Employment; Employment, Youth; Life Course; Re-employment; Unemployment; Unions; Work Experience; Work History Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using detailed work history data from the female youth cohort of NLSY 1979-1991, this study analyzes the process of transition between employment and nonemployment over the life course to identify individual and structural determinants of the process. Work-related individual characteristics (e.g., education, ability, preferences) are all positively related to the durations of employment, while negatively related to the durations of nonemployment. Market wage also strongly affects the rate of exit from employment (negatively) and the rate of entry to employment (positively), but husband's income is not a significant determinant. These results corroborate recent findings that women, even during the early stage of career, are quite responsive to the economic opportunity of the labor market. As women age while moving in and out of the labor market, considerably different work histories emerge among individuals. This study finds that individuals' past work history and work experience independently affect their employment transitions: the more experienced the woman and the more stable her past work history, the less likely to exit employment. Our event history analysis also shows that young women's employment-nonemployment transitions are time-structured: the rate of exit from employment is negatively dependent on the duration of current employment, while the rate of entry into employment is negatively dependent on the duration of current nonemployment spell. This study also documents the importance of structural variables; the occupation, the sector of the labor market, and union status are all significant determining factors for individuals' rates of entry into and exit from employment.
	Bibliography Citation Phang, Hanam S. "Employment-Nonemployment Transitions over the Life Course among Young Women of NLSY 1979-1992: A Longitudinal Analyisis (sic)." CDE Working Paper No. 95-09, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1995.

7.	Sweeney, Megan Mcdonnell
7.	Women, Men, and Changing Families: The Shifting Economic Foundations of Marriage CDE Working Paper No. 97-14, Center for Demography and Ecology, Madison WI, November 1997. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu:80/cde/cdewp/97-14ab.htm Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Economic Changes/Recession; Economics, Demographic; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Gender Differences; Marriage; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Based on data from multiple cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience (NLS), this study uses continuous-time proportional hazard models to investigate whether the relationship between economic prospects and entry into first marriage has changed in recent decades. Results indicate substantial change in marriage patterns between the early and late baby-boom cohorts. While women's economic prospects have become more important for marriage formation over time, men's economic prospects have generally become less important. In contrast to theories linking women's economic independence to declines in marriage, economic prospects are positively related to marriage of both men and women in the later cohort. These findings imply, with respect to the relationship between economic prospects and marriage, that men and women are increasingly coming to resemble one another. Results are somewhat less conclusive for blacks than for whites.
	Bibliography Citation Sweeney, Megan Mcdonnell. "Women, Men, and Changing Families: The Shifting Economic Foundations of Marriage." CDE Working Paper No. 97-14, Center for Demography and Ecology, Madison WI, November 1997.

8.	Wu, Lawrence L. Cherlin, Andrew J. Bumpass, Larry L.
8.	Family Structure, Early Sexual Behavior, and Premarital Births CDE Working Paper No. 96-25, part 2 of 2 Madison WI: University of Wisconsin - Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1997. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/1996papers.htm Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at First Intercourse; Childbearing, Adolescent; Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; Family Structure; Marital Status; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Racial Differences; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Abstract on-line. In this paper, we argue that entry into first sexual intercourse is a key process mediating the effects of family structure on premarital childbearing. We explicate three ways in which onset of sexual activity can mediate effects of family structure on premarital first births. First, the gross association between family structure and premarital birth risks may be due entirely to the effect of family structure on age at first intercourse. Second, the earlier the age at first intercourse, the longer the duration of exposure to the risk of a premarital first birth. Third, an early age at first intercourse may proxy unmeasured individual characteristics correlated with age at onset but uncorrelated with other variables in the model. We develop methods to assess such mediating effects and analyze data from two sources, the 1979-93 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth. We find that age at first intercourse partially mediates the effect on premarital birth risks of both snapshot measures of family structure at age 14 and a time-varying measure of the number of family transitions, but that significant effects of these variables remain net of age at first intercourse. Delaying age at intercourse by one year reduces the cumulative relative risk of a premarital first birth by a similar amount for both white and black women. For black women, the magnitude of this effect is roughly the same as that of residing in a mother-only family at age 14.
	Bibliography Citation Wu, Lawrence L., Andrew J. Cherlin and Larry L. Bumpass. "Family Structure, Early Sexual Behavior, and Premarital Births." CDE Working Paper No. 96-25, part 2 of 2 Madison WI: University of Wisconsin - Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1997.

9.	Wu, Lawrence L. Martin, Steven P. Long, Daniel A.
9.	Comparing Data Quality of Fertility and First Sexual Intercourse Histories Presented: Ann Arbor, MI, Data Quality in Longitudinal Surveys Conference, October 1998 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Age at First Intercourse; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Data Quality/Consistency; Demography; Fertility; Longitudinal Surveys; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Research Methodology Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper evaluates the data quality of two demographic outcomes in light of hypotheses on respondent recall from the literature on survey methodology. An emerging consensus in this literature is that respondents engage in a process of recall; hence, retrieval of less well-remembered items (for example, the specific dates for the timing of distant events) may improve if survey designers precede such questions by others that are likely to be better remembered, if respondents are specifically instructed that such items are important, or if questions in parallel domains provide implicit or explicit memory prompts that aid the process of recall. An alternative but not mutually exclusive hypothesis is that recall of the timing of an event declines with duration unless the dating of an event is frequently "rehearsed." We investigate these hypotheses by comparing the quality of demographic data supplied by female respondents on selected event history outcomes across multiple nationally representative surveys. A first outcome concerns the interval between a first and second birth. We compare birth interval data using birth registration data using micro data from the Vital Statistics on Natality (VSN), the June Current Population Survey (CPS), the 1979 - 94 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). and the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Despite marked differences in survey design, we find relatively few differences in the quality of birth interval data across the four surveys. A second outcome is age at first sexual intercourse. Using data from the NLSY and NSFG, we analyze a form of partially missing data (respondent inability to recall the calendar month of intercourse) on age at first intercourse that occurs in both surveys. We find that inability to recall calendar month varies significantly with duration of recall, race and ethnicity, ability, early initiation of sexual activity, and some interview characteristics. Observed differences by race and ethnicity narrow substantially when controlling for additional background factors available in the NLSY. In addition, we find important nonlinearities in respondent recall with duration, with results from both nonparametric and confirmatory analyses suggesting strikingly similar patterns of nonlinearities for both NLSY and NSFG respondents.
	Bibliography Citation Wu, Lawrence L., Steven P. Martin and Daniel A. Long. "Comparing Data Quality of Fertility and First Sexual Intercourse Histories." Presented: Ann Arbor, MI, Data Quality in Longitudinal Surveys Conference, October 1998.

10.	Wu, Lawrence L. Martin, Steven P. Long, Daniel A.
10.	Comparing Data Quality of Fertility and First Sexual Intercourse Histories CDE Working Paper No. 99-08 (October, 1998), Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, revised, April 1999. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cde/cdewp/99-08.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Age at First Intercourse; Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Data Quality/Consistency; Demography; Fertility; Longitudinal Surveys; National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG); Research Methodology Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper evaluates the data quality of two demographic outcomes in light of hypotheses on respondent recall from the literature on survey methodology. An emerging consensus in this literature is that respondents engage in a process of recall; hence, retrieval of less well-remembered items (for example, the specific dates for the timing of distant events) may improve if survey designers precede such questions by others that are likely to be better remembered, if respondents are specifically instructed that such items are important, or if questions in parallel domains provide implicit or explicit memory prompts that aid the process of recall. An alternative but not mutually exclusive hypothesis is that recall of the timing of an event declines with duration unless the dating of an event is frequently "rehearsed." We investigate these hypotheses by comparing the quality of demographic data supplied by female respondents on selected event history outcomes across multiple nationally representative surveys. A first outcome concerns the interval between a first and second birth. We compare birth interval data using birth registration data using micro data from the Vital Statistics on Natality (VSN), the June Current Population Survey (CPS), the 1979 - 94 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). and the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Despite marked differences in survey design, we find relatively few differences in the quality of birth interval data across the four surveys. A second outcome is age at first sexual intercourse. Using data from the NLSY and NSFG, we analyze a form of partially missing data (respondent inability to recall the calendar month of intercourse) on age at first intercourse that occurs in both surveys. We find that inability to recall calendar month varies significantly with duration of recall, race and ethnicity, ability, early initiation of sexual activity, and some interview characteristics. Observed difference s by race and ethnicity narrow substantially when controlling for additional background factors available in the NLSY. In addition, we find important nonlinearities in respondent recall with duration, with results from both nonparametric and confirmatory analyses suggesting strikingly similar patterns of nonlinearities for both NLSY and NSFG respondents.
	Bibliography Citation Wu, Lawrence L., Steven P. Martin and Daniel A. Long. "Comparing Data Quality of Fertility and First Sexual Intercourse Histories." CDE Working Paper No. 99-08 (October, 1998), Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, revised, April 1999.

11.	Wu, Lawrence L. Thomson, Elizabeth
11.	Family Change and Early Sexual Initiation CDE Working Paper No. 95-26, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1965. Also: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu:80/cde/ Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Center for Demography and Ecology Keyword(s): Control; Family Circumstances, Changes in; Family Structure; Fathers, Biological; Sexual Activity; Sexual Experiences/Virginity; Teenagers Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In this paper, we examine effects of family structure on age at entry into first sexual intercourse prior to marriage for recent cohorts of women. Previous research on the link age between family structure and sexual initiation has employed relatively crude measures of family structure, typically a snapshot of the respondent's family structure at age 14. We use retrospective parent histories from the 1979-87 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to construct dynamic measures of family structure using information on the numbers and types of parents in the responden t's household between birth and age 18. These measures allow us to adjudicate between hypotheses on the effects of prolonged exposure to a single-mother family, prolonged absence of a biological father, parental control during adolescence, and instability in family structure. We find no effect, net of other family effects, of being born out-of-wedlock, prolonged exposure to a single-mother family, or prolonged absence of a biological father on age at first sexual intercourse. Our results are, however, consistent with effects predicted by an instability hypothesis and a variant of the parental control hypothesis that stresses the role of fathers. See also, IRP Discussion Paper Abstracts - 1998, on-line
	Bibliography Citation Wu, Lawrence L. and Elizabeth Thomson. "Family Change and Early Sexual Initiation." CDE Working Paper No. 95-26, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1965.

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