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Author: van Zon, Sander K.R.
Resulting in 2 citations.
1. Minh, Anita
Bultmann, Ute
Reijneveld, Sijmen A.
van Zon, Sander K.R.
McLeod, Christopher B.
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Depressive Symptom Trajectories in the Transition to Adulthood in the United States and Canada
Journal of Adolescent Health 68,1 (January 2021): 161-168.
Also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X20302895
Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY); Childhood; Cross-national Analysis; Depression (see also CESD); Family Income; Modeling, MIxture Models/Finite Mixture Models; Socioeconomic Background

Purpose: We examined whether young people in the U.S. and Canada exhibit similar depressive symptom trajectories in the transition to adulthood and compared the effect of childhood socioeconomic status on trajectory membership.

Methods: We used the American National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Child/Young Adult (n = 6,315) and the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n = 3,666). Depressive symptoms were measured using five items from the Center for Epidemiological Studies on Depression scale. Latent trajectories of depressive symptoms from ages 16-25 years were identified using growth mixture models. We estimated the effect of childhood family income, parental education, and parental unemployment on trajectory membership using multivariable Poisson regression models with robust variances.

Results: We identified four similar trajectories in the two countries: (1) low stable; (2) mid-peak; (3) increasing; and (4) decreasing. Relatively more Americans were in the low-stable trajectory group than Canadians (77.6% vs. 64.9%), and fewer Americans were in the decreasing group (7.1% vs. 19.1%). In the U.S., childhood family income in the bottom two quartiles was related to higher rates of increasing trajectory membership compared with income in the top quartile (incidence rate ratios: 1.59–1.79, p < .05), but not in Canada. In the U.S., parental education at a high school level was associated with higher rates of decreasing trajectory membership compared with higher education (incidence rate ratio = 1.45, confidence interval: 1.10–1.91; p = .01), but not in Canada.

Bibliography Citation
Minh, Anita, Ute Bultmann, Sijmen A. Reijneveld, Sander K.R. van Zon and Christopher B. McLeod. "Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Depressive Symptom Trajectories in the Transition to Adulthood in the United States and Canada." Journal of Adolescent Health 68,1 (January 2021): 161-168.
2. Minh, Anita
Bultmann, Ute
Reijneveld, Sijmen A.
van Zon, Sander K.R.
McLeod, Christopher B.
Depressive Symptom Trajectories and Early Adult Education and Employment: Comparing Longitudinal Cohorts in Canada and the United States
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health published online (17 April 2021): DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084279.
Also: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/8/4279/htm
Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult
Publisher: MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)
Keyword(s): Adolescent Health; Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY); Cross-national Analysis; Depression (see also CESD); Educational Attainment; Unemployment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Adolescent depressive symptoms are risk factors for lower education and unemployment in early adulthood. This study examines how the course of symptoms from ages 16-25 influences early adult education and employment in Canada and the USA. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n = 2348) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 Child/Young Adult (n = 3961), four trajectories (low-stable; increasing; decreasing; and increasing then decreasing, i.e., mid-peak) were linked to five outcomes (working with a post-secondary degree; a high school degree; no degree; in school; and NEET, i.e., not in employment, education, or training). In both countries, increasing, decreasing, and mid-peak trajectories were associated with higher odds of working with low educational credentials, and/or NEET relative to low-stable trajectories. In Canada, however, all trajectories had a higher predicted probability of either being in school or working with a post-secondary degree than the other outcomes; in the USA, all trajectory groups were most likely to be working with a high school degree. Higher depressive symptom levels at various points between adolescent and adulthood are associated with working with low education and NEET in Canada and the USA, but Canadians are more likely to have better education and employment outcomes.
Bibliography Citation
Minh, Anita, Ute Bultmann, Sijmen A. Reijneveld, Sander K.R. van Zon and Christopher B. McLeod. "Depressive Symptom Trajectories and Early Adult Education and Employment: Comparing Longitudinal Cohorts in Canada and the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health published online (17 April 2021): DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084279.