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Author: Sorensen, Elaine

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1.	Garasky, Steven Peters, H. Elizabeth Argys, Laura M. Cook, Steven T. Nepomnyaschy, Lenna Sorensen, Elaine Waller, Maureen
1.	Nonresident Parenting: Measuring Support Provided to Children by Nonresident Fathers Presented: Bethesda, MD, Measurement Issues in Family Demography Workshop, November 2003. Also: http://www.popcenter.umd.edu/events/mifd/papers/argys.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Maryland Population Research Center Keyword(s): Child Support; Fathers and Children; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Involvement Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Gathering data from parents living separately presents many unique challenges. For example, often it is difficult to locate both parents and when they are interviewed, they tend to provide different accounts of the nonresident parent?s involvement with the same child. Further, family and household configurations are complicated by the addition of new relationships (e.g. step-relationships) that evolve over time and the dynamic nature of the residential patterns of children who often reside with different parents at different times of the year or at different times in their childhood. Within this challenging context the authors of this paper examine the support provided by nonresident parents (specifically fathers due to data limitations) to their children who live elsewhere. Specifically, we focus on how questions related to support provision are asked and what results are found. We examine eight separate data sets: six survey-based data sets, one a compilation of data from court records, and an extract of data from administrative records of a state public assistance program. The overriding objective of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of current data gathering approaches in this area. Our goal is to provide insights into ways we can improve our surveys in this important area of family demography.
	Bibliography Citation Garasky, Steven, H. Elizabeth Peters, Laura M. Argys, Steven T. Cook, Lenna Nepomnyaschy, Elaine Sorensen and Maureen Waller. "Nonresident Parenting: Measuring Support Provided to Children by Nonresident Fathers." Presented: Bethesda, MD, Measurement Issues in Family Demography Workshop, November 2003.

2.	Lerman, Robert I. Sorensen, Elaine
2.	Father Involvement with Their Nonmarital Children Patterns, Determinants, and Effects on Their Earnings Marriage and Family Review 29,2-3 (2000): 137-158. Also: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J002v29n02_09 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Haworth Press, Inc. Keyword(s): Coresidence; Earnings; Fathers and Children; Fathers, Involvement; Fertility; Parent-Child Relationship/Closeness; Parents, Single; Work Hours/Schedule Conference: Population Association of America Annual Meetings (Mar 1997). This paper examines two sets of questions relevant to policy initiatives related to increasing father involvement: (1) the patterns of involvement between fathers and children born outside of marriage, and (2) whether father involvement leads to increased earnings. The paper defines father involvement as a continuum ranging from no visitation, to frequent visitation, to co-residence with the child, and to co-residence along with marrying the mother. Data come from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and examines this involvement in specific years and over time. One key finding is that most fathers of nonmarital children in their late 20s and early 30s are highly involved with at least one of their nonmarital children. In addition, it was found that cohabiting relationships and frequent visitation are often unstable, sometimes changing toward lower involvement, while in other cases changing toward higher degrees of involvement. A positive relationship between increased involvement of fathers and their subsequent hours of work and earnings. ((c) 2000 APA/PsycINFO, all rights reserved. Note(s): Previous version presented at the Population Association of America Meetings and the NICHD Conference on Father Involvement, Oct, 1996.; Special Issue: Fatherhood: Research, interventions and policies. Part I.
	Bibliography Citation Lerman, Robert I. and Elaine Sorensen. "Father Involvement with Their Nonmarital Children Patterns, Determinants, and Effects on Their Earnings." Marriage and Family Review 29,2-3 (2000): 137-158.

3.	Lerman, Robert I. Sorensen, Elaine
3.	Father Involvement with Their Nonmarital Children: Patterns, Determinants and Effects on Their Earnings Presented: Bethesda, MD, Conference on Father Involvement, October 1996 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Author Keyword(s): Child Support; Coresidence; Earnings; Fathers, Absence; Fathers, Involvement; Fertility; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Ensuring that nonresident fathers are financially responsible for their children vial a major theme of the recent welfare reform legislation enacted into law this summer. One segment of that population--fathers who had their children outside of marriage--has been particularly difficult to incorporate into the formal child support enforcement system. Many practitioners who work with unwed fathers argue that this population can be reached, however, by connecting them to their children. The purpose of this research project is to ascertain whether we can identify a causal link between father involvement with their nonmarital children and increased earnings in a national survey of young men. This paper describes our preliminary findings. We define father involvement somewhat differently than previous research, by including co-residence as well as visitation in our measure of father involvement. We find that most fathers of nonmarital children in their late twenties and early thirties are highly involved with at least one of their nonmarital children. We also find that cohabiting relationships and frequent visitation are often unstable, sometimes changing toward lower and higher degrees of involvement. Our preliminary findings with regard to earnings and father involvement suggest that visitation by itself, is unlikely to generate the earnings gains that living with the child seems to accomplish.
	Bibliography Citation Lerman, Robert I. and Elaine Sorensen. "Father Involvement with Their Nonmarital Children: Patterns, Determinants and Effects on Their Earnings." Presented: Bethesda, MD, Conference on Father Involvement, October 1996.

4.	Sorensen, Elaine
4.	Exploring the Reasons Behind the Narrowing Gender Gap in Earnings Report 91-2, Washington DC: Urban Institute Press, 1991 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women Publisher: Urban Institute Keyword(s): Attitudes; Bureau of Labor Statistics; Census of Population; Earnings; Labor Force Participation; Occupational Choice; Occupations; Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID); Women This report: (1) examines some of the reasons behind the recent decline in the male-female pay differential; (2) identifies those occupations which offer women above-average earnings and growth rates over the next decade; and (3) analyzes whether the intermittent labor force participation of women continues to be a contributing factor in women's lower pay. Data from the NLS of Young Women and NLSY are used to compare the demographic, educational, attitudinal and labor market characteristics of (1) women ages 35-41 in 1985 who were in higher- paying/growth versus other types of occupations or not in the labor market, (2) women ages 23-29 in 1973 versus those of the same age in 1987 and (3) women ages 23-29 in 1973 who worked in higher pay/growth rate jobs in 1985. Other data sources utilized in this comprehensive analysis are the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the 1980 Census.
	Bibliography Citation Sorensen, Elaine. "Exploring the Reasons Behind the Narrowing Gender Gap in Earnings." Report 91-2, Washington DC: Urban Institute Press, 1991.

5.	Sorensen, Elaine
5.	Noncustodial Fathers: Can They Afford to Pay More Child Support? Working Paper, The Urban Institute, Washington DC, February 1995 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Urban Institute Keyword(s): Child Support; Childbearing; Fathers; Fathers, Absence; Fertility; Financial Assistance; Poverty
	Bibliography Citation Sorensen, Elaine. "Noncustodial Fathers: Can They Afford to Pay More Child Support?" Working Paper, The Urban Institute, Washington DC, February 1995.

6.	Sorensen, Elaine
6.	Women's Relative Pay: The Factors that Shape Current and Future Trends Final Report, Office of Strategic Planning and Policy Development, Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 1989 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Census of Population; Earnings; Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID); Wages, Women The purpose of the study was to understand the major factors that may influence future trends in women's relative pay. This was accomplished by analyzing various data sets, such as census data, national longitudinal survey data (NLS of Young Women and NLSY), Bureau of Labor Statistics, University of Michigan Panel Study of Income Dynamics, etc., to identify and determine the relative influence of the many factors that influence career and employment choices that lead to high level job choices and careers, and influence relative employment earnings. [NTIS PB90-218710-XAB]
	Bibliography Citation Sorensen, Elaine. "Women's Relative Pay: The Factors that Shape Current and Future Trends." Final Report, Office of Strategic Planning and Policy Development, Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 1989.

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