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Author: Robinson, Kristen Noelle

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1.	Hayward, Mark D. Gorman, Bridget K. Robinson, Kristen Noelle
1.	Long Arm of Childhood: The Influence of Early Life Social Conditions on Men's Mortality Working Paper 01-04, Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, March 2001. Also: http://www.pop.psu.edu/general/pubs/working_papers/psu-pri/wp0104.pdf Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University Keyword(s): Children; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Mortality; Rural/Urban Differences; Socioeconomic Background; Socioeconomic Factors Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper was also presented at Population Association of America Annual Meetings, Washington, DC 2001. Our study contributes to understanding the basic associations between childhood circumstances and adult health in several ways. First, we take advantage of a nationally representative survey of American men aged 45-59 years in 1966 -- the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men (NLS). These men are followed for a 24-year period, providing us with biographical information on socioeconomic achievement processes, lifestyle behaviors, and the timing and primary cause of death. Second, the survey contains measures of childhood circumstances that encompass theoretically important social origins of adult mortality -- the family of origin's socioeconomic circumstances, family status, residence in rural and urban communities, and nativity of both the respondent and his parents. The richness of information about both childhood and adulthood provides a sound base to examine the nature of the associations between childhood circumstances, adult circumstances, and adult mortality. To this end, we examine whether childhood circumstances have long-term associations with adult mortality, net of adult socioeconomic achievement and lifestyle. We also investigate the possible over-estimation of effects of adult socioeconomic factors in mortality research for which information on childhood circumstances was not available.
	Bibliography Citation Hayward, Mark D., Bridget K. Gorman and Kristen Noelle Robinson. "Long Arm of Childhood: The Influence of Early Life Social Conditions on Men's Mortality." Working Paper 01-04, Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, March 2001.

2.	Robinson, Kristen Noelle
2.	Effect of Educational Attainment on Mortality Rates and Cause of Death Structures Ph.D. Dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, 1997 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Behavior; Demography; Educational Attainment; Endogeneity; Health Care; Income; Life Course; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Mortality; Occupational Choice Researchers interested in mortality have found a strong inverse relationship to exist between educational attainment and risk of dying. Various explanations have been offered to explain this relationship, such as access to health care, lifestyle behaviors, and occupation and income. While all of these factors play a part in estimating how education affects mortality, education still retains a direct effect on total mortality. This analysis hypothesizes that educational attainment serves as a mechanism stratifying the resources available in society by rewarding those who are highly educated with the opportunities, resources, and rewards associated with low mortality rates. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men (1966-1990), hazard models are estimated to assess the effect education has on the risk of dying. The hazard models are constructed to represent early life course and late life course events, with both total mortality and cause-specific mortality as the dependent variables. The results of the total mortality models indicate that while educational attainment works primarily through alternative mechanisms, such as occupation and lifestyle behaviors, to effect mortality, a direct effect still remains. Modeling the same early and late life course events on cause-specific mortality suggests that this residual direct effect of education is most likely caused by the missing endogenous variable(s) linking education to stroke mortality. It is argued that once the missing variables are found, the direct effect of education, on both stroke and total mortality rates, will disappear.
	Bibliography Citation Robinson, Kristen Noelle. Effect of Educational Attainment on Mortality Rates and Cause of Death Structures. Ph.D. Dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, 1997.

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