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Author: Crewson, Philip E.

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1.	Crewson, Philip E.
1.	A Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Sector Entrant Quality American Journal of Political Science 39,3 (August 1995): 628-639. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2111647 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Wayne State University Press Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Private Sector; Public Sector Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Public and private sector employees differ in ways that run counter to the prediction that poor monetary incentives or image battering will leave the public sector disadvantaged in hiring quality employees. When controlling for sex, race, economic status, and occupation, entrants into the federal sector are better qualified than private sector entrants. Past research on the issue of employee quality is supplemented with a comparative analysis of public and private sector entrants during the 1980s. In the comparative analysis, AFQT scores are used as an indicator of quality. Contrary to predictions of a crisis in public employee competence, the federal government was able to attract higher quality entrants during the 1980s than the private sector.
	Bibliography Citation Crewson, Philip E. "A Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Sector Entrant Quality." American Journal of Political Science 39,3 (August 1995): 628-639.

2.	Crewson, Philip E.
2.	Are the Best and the Brightest Fleeing Public Sector Employment? Evidence From the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Public Productivity and Management Review 20,4 (June 1997): 363-371 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Exits; Occupations; Private Sector; Public Sector Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Several explanations have been offered to support the assumption that the federal government cannot attract or retain quality employees. These explanations include perceptions that quality is a low priority in the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) (Rosen, 1986), poor pay drives away the most capable (Light, 1992; Packard, 1986; U.S. Government Accounting Office [GAO], 1989), ineffective planning precipitates losses (GAO, 1989), and the federal government is unable to compete with the allure of the private sector (Levine, 1986). Many of the same arguments could be used to predict a similar crisis in state and local government. Past discussion of the quality issue, however, has generally been anecdotal, limited to personnel surveys, or based on evidence restricted to technical and engineering occupations (Lane and Wolf, 1990). The cumulative outcome from these past discussions communicates to the polity that civil servants are inferior to private sector employees. This notion exists even though its basis in impressionistic employee surveys and anecdotal proofs is far from conclusive evidence of a crisis. Indeed, although recruiting and retaining quality employees serves as the bedrock of American governance, some have observed that research on this issue has been sporadic and, in some cases, lacking in scientific rigor (Light, 1992). This study responds to this dearth of information by using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to evaluate the quality of exits from the civil service. Although past studies have focused on the federal employment sector, this analysis broadens the evaluation of exit quality by also examining state and local public employee exits. Copyright 1997 Sage Publications, Inc.
	Bibliography Citation Crewson, Philip E. "Are the Best and the Brightest Fleeing Public Sector Employment? Evidence From the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Public Productivity and Management Review 20,4 (June 1997): 363-371.

3.	Crewson, Philip E. Guyot, James F.
3.	Sartor Resartus: A Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Sector Entrant Quality Reanalyzed American Journal of Political Science 41,3 (July 1997): 1057-1065. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2111687 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Wayne State University Press Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Family Background and Culture; Gender Differences; Private Sector; Public Sector; Racial Differences Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In "A Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Sector Entrant Quality" (Crewson 1995), one of us challenged, with systematic empirical evidence, a major proposition from the professional folklore. This proposition is that government in the United States faces a quality crisis because the best minds choose not to go into the public but instead into the private sector. The proposition was tested and found false by means of a cross sectional comparison of a representative national sample of entrants into comparable occupations in the federal sector, the state sector, and the private sector. When Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) scores are taken as the indicator of quality, and the regression equation controls for occupation, family background, race, and sex, then the state sector is found to employ persons with scores no lower than the scores of those in the private sector, and the federal sector employs those with significantly higher scores. The ancillary proposition from the folklore is causal rather than descriptive. It suggests that any lower level of public sector quality or any decline over time in that quality may be, in part, a result of increased diversity in the federal workforce. That such diversity does make a difference was denied with the conclusion that, "[a]lthough there has been an influx of women and minorities during the 1980s, the federal government does not appear to have imperiled quality in its effort to increase diversity." In this replication we strengthen the disconfirmation of the first proposition and empirically test the second proposition. The further undermining of the quality crisis myth proceeds by both defining more firmly the validity of the AFQT as an indicator of "quality" and testing the effects of diversity on the original regression equation. Copyright 1997 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System.
	Bibliography Citation Crewson, Philip E. and James F. Guyot. "Sartor Resartus: A Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Sector Entrant Quality Reanalyzed." American Journal of Political Science 41,3 (July 1997): 1057-1065.

4.	Schiller, Bradley R. Crewson, Philip E.
4.	Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry Economic Inquiry 35,3 (July 1997): 523-531. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00002.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Longitudinal Surveys; Self-Employed Workers Ever since Schumpeter identified the 'animal spirits' of entrepreneurs as the driving force of markets, researchers have been trying to determine who is an entrepreneur and what factors breed entrepreneurial success. Using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth, the authors first determine who pursues self-employment in their youth and then who succeeds. There is a surprisingly high incidence of self-employment but very low success rates. Significant correlates of both entry into self-employment and eventual success differ markedly by gender.
	Bibliography Citation Schiller, Bradley R. and Philip E. Crewson. "Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry." Economic Inquiry 35,3 (July 1997): 523-531.

5.	Schiller, Bradley R. Crewson, Philip E.
5.	Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry. Small Business Research Summary No 152, under contract no: SBA-8032-OA-93. Washington, DC: Small Business Association, February 1995. Also: http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/rs152.html Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: U.S. Small Business Administration Keyword(s): Labor Force Participation; Modeling; Self-Employed Workers This study examines the experience of young entrepreneurs in the 1980s. A nationally-representative longitudinal data base (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth) is used to identify young men and women (aged 14-37) who engaged in self-employment at any time between 1979 and 1991. The study examines not only the incidence of entrepreneurial activity, but also various measures of entrepreneurial performance.
	Bibliography Citation Schiller, Bradley R. and Philip E. Crewson. Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry. Small Business Research Summary No 152, under contract no: SBA-8032-OA-93. Washington, DC: Small Business Association, February 1995..

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