Search Results
Author: Schiller, Bradley R.
Resulting in 11 citations.
| 1. |
Schiller, Bradley R. |
|
Below-Minimum-Wage Workers: Implications for Minimum-Wage Models Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 34,2 (Summer 1994): 131-144. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1062976994900094 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Employment, Youth; Minimum Wage; Teenagers Prior research on minimum wage employment tends to assume that coverage is either universal or easily estimated. In reality, coverage of teenagers and youth is low and results from a diversity of both employer and employee characteristics. Failure to recognize this has biased prior estimates of noncompliance and displacement. This paper uses the NLSY to document the prevalence of below-minimum wage jobs among young workers and show their links to both worker and employer characteristics. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. "Below-Minimum-Wage Workers: Implications for Minimum-Wage Models." Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 34,2 (Summer 1994): 131-144.
|
| 2. |
Schiller, Bradley R. |
|
Early Jobs and Training: The Role of Small Business Final Report, Contract SBA-9281-AER. Washington DC: US Small Business Administration, 1986 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: U.S. Small Business Administration Keyword(s): Employment, In-School; Employment, Youth; Industrial Sector; Job Satisfaction; Job Training; Transfers, Skill; Wages This paper examines small business as the preeminent provider of early work experience and training for both in- school and out-of-school youth during the years 1979-1983. The concentration of employment of young men and women in this sector is examined, along with the linkages between these firms and larger, multi-establishment firms. Young men still in school and working are disproportionately employed in retail businesses. Young workers already out of school are also highly concentrated in retailing, but heavily represented in manufacturing as well. Within the retail sector, the fast food industry may account for a high percentage of jobs and job growth. Wages are generally lower in small businesses than in large businesses, but job satisfaction and perceived training opportunities of young men are higher. Young men in small businesses indicate that they are exposed to a greater variety of tasks than those in large businesses, and so develop a broader range of marketable skills, likely to accelerate productivity and wage growth. Training in larger firms tends to be more specialized and firm-specific. However, lower retention rates of newly-trained workers can reduce a smaller firm's pay-off to training investments and may result in a competitive disadvantage. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. Early Jobs and Training: The Role of Small Business. Final Report, Contract SBA-9281-AER. Washington DC: US Small Business Administration, 1986. |
| 3. |
Schiller, Bradley R. |
|
Just Getting By? Income Dependence On Minimum Wage Jobs Final Report, Washington, DC: Employment Policies Institute, March 2011. Also: http://epionline.org/study_detail.cfm?sid=132 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Employment Policies Institute Keyword(s): Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC); Employment, Part-Time; Family Income; Job Satisfaction; Minimum Wage; Wage Growth; Work Histories Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Schiller’s study shows that only a small minority of adults age 33 to 50 who earn at or below the minimum wage are the primary (or sole) breadwinner in their household. Previous research has shown that long-term minimum wage earners (while an enormously small portion of the population) often lack basic job skills needed to move up in the workforce. Paradoxically, raising the minimum wage in an attempt to help this small subset of minimum wage workers can actually harm them; decades of economic research show that artificially raising the cost to hire and train these employees makes it likely that management will hire a more-skilled employee to do their job (or replace that job with an automated, self-service alternative). |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. "Just Getting By? Income Dependence On Minimum Wage Jobs." Final Report, Washington, DC: Employment Policies Institute, March 2011. |
| 4. |
Schiller, Bradley R. |
|
Longitudinal Experiences of Minimum Wage Youth Final Report, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Assistant Secretary for Policy, 1989 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Employment, Youth; Job Satisfaction; Minimum Wage; Wages, Youth; Work Histories The labor market experiences of young minimum-wage workers were examined using the NLSY 19791987. The analysis indicates that all young people hold a job paying the minimum wage or less at some point in the early stages of their work lives. Of special concern are the training experiences and subsequent wage growth of youth who start at the minimum wage or less. The study finds that: (1) Most minimum-wage youth workers like their jobs, believe the job experience is beneficial, and perceive that they are acquiring skills that will be valuable in attaining better jobs later. (2) The minimum wage experience is relatively brief. Young people neither expect to hold nor stay on their minimum-wage job long. Within two years, most youth who start at the minimum wage (or less) are earning above minimum wages. (3) The wage growth of youth who began at or below the minimum wage averages 16 percent a year in the first six years, five times faster than the wage growth of all U.S. workers in the same period (1981- 1987). Overall, the evidence reviewed refutes the notion that minimum-wage jobs are "dead-end" jobs, offering neither training nor opportunities for wage growth. At least for young labor-market entrants, minimum-wage jobs are common stepping stones to higher wages. Details are provided in the two volumes that constitute the final report. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. "Longitudinal Experiences of Minimum Wage Youth." Final Report, U.S. Department of Labor, Office of Assistant Secretary for Policy, 1989. |
| 5. |
Schiller, Bradley R. |
|
Minimum Wage Youth: Training and Wage Growth Industrial Relations Research Association Series, Proceedings 43rd Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. Madison WI: Industrial Relation Research Association, 1990: pp. 266-275 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Industrial Relations Research Association ==> LERA Keyword(s): Firm Size; Gender Differences; Geographical Variation; Marital Status; Minimum Wage; Racial Differences; Training; Wage Growth Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The debate over minimum wage thresholds and the larger controversy about good jobs versus bad jobs share a common concern; namely whether low-wage jobs are inherently dead end. The observations reported here suggest that that concern is ill-founded, at least with respect to younger workers. Young labor market entrants certainly don't perceive their minimum wage jobs in that way. A substantial majority of minimum wage youth believe they are acquiring valuable skills, have opportunities for promotion, and even say they like their jobs. The longitudinal experiences of minimum wage youth provide an even more compelling refutation of the notion that minimum wage jobs are inherently dead end. Since virtually all young people hold a job paying the minimum wage or less at some point in their work history, that blanket assertion can be dismissed out of hand. The evidence shows further that youths entering the labor market in the 1980s did particularly well. Specifically, those who started at the minimum wage in 1980 enjoyed impressive wage gains over the subsequent seven years. Insofar as young workers are concerned, minimum wage jobs are correctly viewed as transitions to better jobs, not dead-end endeavors. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. "Minimum Wage Youth: Training and Wage Growth" In: .
|
| 6. |
Schiller, Bradley R. |
|
Moving Up: The Training and Wage Gains of Minimum-Wage Entrants Social Science Quarterly 75,3 (September 1994): 622-636 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: University of Texas Press Keyword(s): Employment, Youth; Minimum Wage; Wage Growth Permission to reprint the abstract has been denied by the publisher. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. "Moving Up: The Training and Wage Gains of Minimum-Wage Entrants." Social Science Quarterly 75,3 (September 1994): 622-636.
|
| 7. |
Schiller, Bradley R. |
|
Small Business and Self-employment as Income Mobility Mechanisms Small Business Administration Research Summary 366, July 2010. Also: http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/rs366tot.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: U.S. Small Business Administration Keyword(s): Income Level; Labor Force Participation; Mobility, Economic; Skill Formation; Small Business (Owner/Employer); Training, On-the-Job; Wage Growth; Work History Executive Summary The contributions of small businesses to the labor market entry, skill training, and wage growth of youth have been extensively documented in a series of research studies conducted in the mid- 1980s. That research confirmed that small businesses provide most first-time job opportunities for young labor market entrants. Moreover, the skills and experience provided at those entry jobs paid off handsomely for the affected youth, as witnessed by their subsequent wage growth. This study extends the observation period for gauging income growth. Using the same National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) surveys used in earlier studies, this study tracks employment and income experiences in a later phase of the typical work life. Whereas earlier studies focused on the first years of labor market entry for youths aged 14-22, this study focuses on those same workers a decade later. Specifically, this study focuses on young people aged 24- 32 years at the beginning of the observation period (1989). We then track their work history over the subsequent 15 years (1989-2004). Our research goal was twofold. First we wanted to gauge the degree of relative income mobility over the 1989-2004 period. That is, we wanted to ascertain how often and to what degree individuals change intra-cohort income ranks in this age and time space. That would allow us to determine whether general mobility in the U.S. economy is changing over time. Our second goal was to isolate the role of small business exposure in the mobility process. Specifically, does small business experience – either as owner or employee – significantly affect the degree of income mobility? |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. "Small Business and Self-employment as Income Mobility Mechanisms." Small Business Administration Research Summary 366, July 2010. |
| 8. |
Schiller, Bradley R. |
|
Youth Employment in the Hospitality Sector Washington DC: Employment Policies Institute, June 1995. Also: http://www.epionline.org/study_detail.cfm?sid=49 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Employment Policies Institute Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Employment; Employment, Part-Time; Employment, Youth; Higher Education; Job Tenure; Part-Time Work; Schooling; Wage Effects; Wage Growth Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. A study used data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth to analyze the long-term effects of hospitality industry employment on youth. The subsample extracted for the study included all youth who were aged 16-24 in 1980 and employed in the civilian sector for pay at any time in the year. Statistics indicated the hospitality sector was clearly a major source of employment for youth employing nearly one out of five (18.1%) working youth in any given year. Especially important was the availability of part-time opportunities for students. Students, particularly those college bound or in college, filled a disproportionately large share of jobs in the sector. Although entry-level jobs were an important source of income support for students and other youth, relatively few young workers established careers in the industry. Industry affiliation declined sharply as workers got older. Although many youth, particularly students, had several years of experience (part-time) in the restaurant and hotel industries, few youth remained in the industry. Noncollege-bound youth were even less likely to make longer-term commitments to this sector. As their work lives evolved, the youth with experience in the hospitality industry followed the average tendency toward rapidly rising wage levels. With no distinct long-term wage effect from experience in the hospitality sector, such jobs were best viewed as a transitory phase in highly varied career paths. The youth who held jobs in the hospitality sector were likely to complete additional schooling than youth employed in other industries. (YLB). |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. Youth Employment in the Hospitality Sector. Washington DC: Employment Policies Institute, June 1995.. |
| 9. |
Schiller, Bradley R. Crewson, Philip E. |
|
Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry Economic Inquiry 35,3 (July 1997): 523-531. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2006.00002.x/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Western Economic Association International Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Longitudinal Surveys; Self-Employed Workers Ever since Schumpeter identified the 'animal spirits' of entrepreneurs as the driving force of markets, researchers have been trying to determine who is an entrepreneur and what factors breed entrepreneurial success. Using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth, the authors first determine who pursues self-employment in their youth and then who succeeds. There is a surprisingly high incidence of self-employment but very low success rates. Significant correlates of both entry into self-employment and eventual success differ markedly by gender. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. and Philip E. Crewson. "Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry." Economic Inquiry 35,3 (July 1997): 523-531.
|
| 10. |
Schiller, Bradley R. Crewson, Philip E. |
|
Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry. Small Business Research Summary No 152, under contract no: SBA-8032-OA-93. Washington, DC: Small Business Association, February 1995. Also: http://www.sba.gov/advo/research/rs152.html Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: U.S. Small Business Administration Keyword(s): Labor Force Participation; Modeling; Self-Employed Workers This study examines the experience of young entrepreneurs in the 1980s. A nationally-representative longitudinal data base (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth) is used to identify young men and women (aged 14-37) who engaged in self-employment at any time between 1979 and 1991. The study examines not only the incidence of entrepreneurial activity, but also various measures of entrepreneurial performance. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. and Philip E. Crewson. Entrepreneurial Origins: A Longitudinal Inquiry. Small Business Research Summary No 152, under contract no: SBA-8032-OA-93. Washington, DC: Small Business Association, February 1995.. |
| 11. |
Schiller, Bradley R. Mukhopadhyay, Sankar |
|
Long-Term Trends in Relative Earnings Mobility Social Science Quarterly 94,4 (December 2013): 881-893. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ssqu.12008/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Earnings; Mobility Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Objectives: The extent of individual mobility across hierarchical ranks of the income distribution is a critical factor in interpreting the sociopolitical significance of well-documented increases in cross-sectional inequality. The objective of this study is to replicate two earlier investigations of mobility, allowing one to discern trends in mobility rates and patterns. Methods: Mobility was measured using data from NLSY79 (where NLSY is National Longitudinal Survey of Youth) for the years 1989–2004. Results: Results show that hierarchical (relative) mobility has remained substantial and pervasive from the 1970s through the 1990s for male workers, with no evidence of any attenuation. In view of the increased distance between (absolute) income ranks, this observation is both surprising and reassuring. Conclusion: Despite substantial increase in cross-sectional inequality, long-term mobility rates have not changed since the 1960s. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Schiller, Bradley R. and Sankar Mukhopadhyay. "Long-Term Trends in Relative Earnings Mobility." Social Science Quarterly 94,4 (December 2013): 881-893.
|