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Author: Comfort, Maureen E.

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1.	Levine, Judith A. Pollack, Harold Comfort, Maureen E.
1.	Academic and Behavioral Outcomes Among the Children of Young Mothers JCPR Working Paper 193, Joint Center for Poverty Research, June 2000. Also: http://www.northwestern.edu/ipr/jcpr/workingpapers/wpfiles/levine_pollack_comfort.PDF Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Joint Center for Poverty Research Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Birth Order; Childbearing; Children, Well-Being; Family Background and Culture; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Test Scores/Test theory/IRT; Truancy Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper was originally presented as the Population Association of America Meetings, March 2000, in Los Angeles, CA. In this paper, we use newly available data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to investigate the effects of early motherhood on academic and behavioral outcomes for children born to early childbearers. We find that early motherhood's strong negative correlation with children's test scores and positive correlation with children's grade repetition is almost entirely explained by pre-birth individual and family background factors of teen mothers themselves. However, early childbearing is associated indirectly with reduced children's test scores through its linkage to family size (and thus to child birth order). We find a different pattern in predicting fighting, truancy, early sexual activity, and other problem behaviors among adolescent and young adult off-spring. For these behaviors, maternal age-at-first-birth remains an important risk-factor even after controlling for a wide range of background factors and maternal characteristics. These results highlight the diverse pathways through which teen parenting might influence subsequent child well-being and social performance.
	Bibliography Citation Levine, Judith A., Harold Pollack and Maureen E. Comfort. "Academic and Behavioral Outcomes Among the Children of Young Mothers." JCPR Working Paper 193, Joint Center for Poverty Research, June 2000.

2.	Levine, Judith A. Pollack, Harold Comfort, Maureen E.
2.	Academic and Behavioral Outcomes Among the Children of Young Mothers Journal of Marriage and Family 63,2 (May 2001): 355-369. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00355.x/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: National Council on Family Relations Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Birth Order; Childbearing; Children, Well-Being; Family Background and Culture; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Test Scores/Test theory/IRT; Truancy In this article, we use newly available data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to investigate the effects of early motherhood on academic and behavioral outcomes for children born to early childbearers. We find that early motherhood's strong negative correlation with children's test scores and positive correlation with children's grade repetition is almost entirely explained by pre-birth individual and family background factors of teen mothers themselves. However, early childbearing is associated indirectly with reduced children's test scores through its linkage to family size (and thus to child birth order). We find a different pattern in predicting fighting, truancy, early sexual activity, and other problem behaviors among adolescent and young adult off-spring. For these behaviors, maternal age-at-first-birth remains an important risk-factor even after controlling for a wide range of background factors and maternal characteristics. These results highlight the diverse pathways through which teen parenting might influence subsequent child well-being and social performance.
	Bibliography Citation Levine, Judith A., Harold Pollack and Maureen E. Comfort. "Academic and Behavioral Outcomes Among the Children of Young Mothers." Journal of Marriage and Family 63,2 (May 2001): 355-369.

3.	Pollack, Harold Levine, Judith A. Comfort, Maureen E.
3.	How Do the Adolescent Children of Adolescent Mothers Behave? Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 2001 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Mothers, Adolescent Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.
	Bibliography Citation Pollack, Harold, Judith A. Levine and Maureen E. Comfort. "How Do the Adolescent Children of Adolescent Mothers Behave?" Presented: Minneapolis, MN, Biennial Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, April 2001.

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