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Author: Billari, Francesco

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1.	Billari, Francesco Sironi, Maria
1.	Internet and the Timing of Births Presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2016 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Computer Use/Internet Access; Fertility Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Technological innovations directly related to fertility have been explicitly linked to the timing of births, i.e. with postponement in the case of contraceptive technology and with "recuperation" in the case of assisted reproductive technology. We argue that the diffusion of the Internet also plays a role as an "enabling" factor in fertility choices, with a potential effect on the timing of fertility. After discussing the pathways, we hypothesize Internet access to contribute to lowering fertility in earlier ages and stages of the life course, and to raising fertility in later ages and stages of the life course. We also hypothesize that these age- and stage-specific effects are stratified by gender and socioeconomic status. We conduct analyses using longitudinal data from the US (NLSY97) to assess these hypotheses.
	Bibliography Citation Billari, Francesco and Maria Sironi. "Internet and the Timing of Births." Presented: Washington DC, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, March-April 2016.

2.	Macmillan, Ross Billari, Francesco Furstenberg, Frank
2.	Stability and Change in the Transition to Adulthood: A Latent Structure Analysis of Three Generations in the National Longitudinal Surveys Presented: San Francisco CA, Population Association of America Meetings, May 2012 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Life Course; Modeling, Growth Curve/Latent Trajectory Analysis; Transition, Adulthood Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. A key issue in the demography of the life course is the transition to adulthood in the latter quarter of the 20th Century. Viewed as an increasingly problematic enterprise, researchers point to modal shifts in the timing of roles, diminished or delayed role attainments, and the uncoupling of roles over time among recent generations. Using latent structure approaches, we model the multidimensional, longitudinal processes of role transitions across three generations of Americans drawn from the National Longitudinal Surveys (1966-2008). In formally modelling the longitudinal structure of the transition to adulthood, we pay explicit attention to within-group and between-group heterogeneity to map continuity and change over time. Results reveal the enduring importance of institutional contexts in the shaping of pathways, the important role of social and economic resources in determining pathways into adulthood, and the important connection between the two in shaping broad patterns of inequality through the life course.
	Bibliography Citation Macmillan, Ross, Francesco Billari and Frank Furstenberg. "Stability and Change in the Transition to Adulthood: A Latent Structure Analysis of Three Generations in the National Longitudinal Surveys." Presented: San Francisco CA, Population Association of America Meetings, May 2012.

3.	Mooyaart, Jarl Liefbroer, Aart C. Billari, Francesco
3.	Becoming Obese in Young Adulthood: The Role of Career-Family Pathways in the Transition to Adulthood for Men and Women BMC Public Health 19: 1511 (December 2019): DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7797-7. Also: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-7797-7 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Career Patterns; College Education; Family Background and Culture; Family Formation; Family Income; Obesity; Transition, Adulthood Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Methods: We use data from the NLSY97, a U.S. nationally representative panel survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics between 1997 to 2013 (N = 4688), and apply multichannel sequence analysis in order to identify clusters of typical career-family pathways during the transition to adulthood (age 17 to 27), and subsequently investigate whether these pathways are associated with becoming obese at the end of young adulthood (age 28), using logistic regression. We control for obesity at age 17 and family background factors (race, parental education, parental income, and family structure). To take into account the fact that the transition to adulthood has a different meaning for men and for women, we also interact career-family clusters with gender. Results: For women, pathways characterized by college education, early home leaving, and postponement of family formation decrease the probability of becoming obese. For men, pathways characterized by early marriage increase the probability of becoming obese.
	Bibliography Citation Mooyaart, Jarl, Aart C. Liefbroer and Francesco Billari. "Becoming Obese in Young Adulthood: The Role of Career-Family Pathways in the Transition to Adulthood for Men and Women." BMC Public Health 19: 1511 (December 2019): DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7797-7.

4.	Mooyaart, Jarl Liefbroer, Aart C. Billari, Francesco
4.	Becoming Overweight and Obese in Early Adulthood: The Role of Career and Family Trajectories Presented: Chicago IL, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2017 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Family Formation; Obesity; Transition, Adulthood; Weight Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study examines the extent to which family and career trajectories during the transition to adulthood (age 17 to 25) influence the risk of becoming overweight or obese in early adulthood (age 28). We separate analyses by gender and control race, parental SES and family structure. We use data from NLSY97 (N=4700) to first identify typical trajectories using sequence analysis, and subsequently investigate whether career or family trajectories are associated with becoming overweight or obese in early adulthood. Results indicate that for women mainly career trajectories, for men family pathways matter in terms of the risk for overweight and obesity. Family background shows little effect with the exception of race.
	Bibliography Citation Mooyaart, Jarl, Aart C. Liefbroer and Francesco Billari. "Becoming Overweight and Obese in Early Adulthood: The Role of Career and Family Trajectories." Presented: Chicago IL, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2017.

5.	Sironi, Maria Billari, Francesco
5.	Leaving Home, Moving to College, and Returning Home: Economic Outcomes in the United States Population, Space and Place published online (1 December 2019): DOI: 10.1002/psp.2302. Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/psp.2302 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): College Enrollment; Economic Well-Being; Income; Labor Market Outcomes; Residence, Return to Parental Home/Delayed Homeleaving; Transition, Adulthood Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Leaving the parental home is a milestone in the transition to adulthood. Historical changes in leaving home have been well documented in the literature. However, research investigating the consequences associated with the timing and pathway of leaving (and returning) home is still scant. Building mainly on capital accumulation and life course theories, we analyse data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 on young Americans born between 1980 and 1984, who are 27-31 years old in 2011. We find an M‐shaped relationship between age at leaving home and working and economic conditions later on: Leaving "too early," "too late," or at nonnormative ages is negatively associated with labour market outcomes. Also, among those who have been enrolled in college, leaving home to go to college, during college, or after college is positively associated with subsequent income, compared with leaving before college. Moving back in with parents is negatively associated with economic outcomes.
	Bibliography Citation Sironi, Maria and Francesco Billari. "Leaving Home, Moving to College, and Returning Home: Economic Outcomes in the United States." Population, Space and Place published online (1 December 2019): DOI: 10.1002/psp.2302.

6.	Sironi, Maria Billari, Francesco
6.	Stay with Mommy and Daddy or Move Out? Consequences of the Age at Leaving Home in the United States Presented: San Diego CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April-May 2015 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Employment; Residence; Transition, Adulthood Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Leaving the parental home is a milestone in the transition to adulthood. Changes over time in the timing of leaving and the increasing share of young adults who return back home have been well documented. However, there is little research investigating the consequences of the timing and pathway of leaving home. We address this gap, examining the relationship between the timing and pathway of leaving home and economic and employment outcomes in early thirties. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97), taking advantage of its longitudinal design and study young Americans born between 1980 and 1984, who are 27-31 years old in 2011. We find that the higher the age at leaving home the better are the working and especially the economic conditions of individuals between 27 and 31 years of age, albeit with a potential reversal of the effect at later ages of leaving home.
	Bibliography Citation Sironi, Maria and Francesco Billari. "Stay with Mommy and Daddy or Move Out? Consequences of the Age at Leaving Home in the United States." Presented: San Diego CA, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April-May 2015.

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