Search Results
Author: Yoshikawa, Hirokazu
Resulting in 3 citations.
| 1. |
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu |
|
Welfare Dynamics, Support Services, Mothers' Earnings, and Child Cognitive Development: Implications for Contemporary Welfare Reform Child Development 70,3 (May-June 1999): 779-801. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8624.00056/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Child Care; Child Support; Cognitive Ability; Educational Attainment; Human Capital; Job Training; Maternal Employment; Mothers, Income; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Support Networks; Welfare This prospective longitudinal study, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), addresses the gap in the research literature regarding the effects of welfare reform on children. Key questions addressed include whether welfare dynamics and support services relevant to welfare reform, both measured across the first five years of life, are associated with mothers' earnings in the sixth year and three child cognitive outcomes in the seventh and eighth years: Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) math and reading scores, and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). Welfare dynamics are represented by total time on welfare, degree of cycling on and off welfare, and degree to which welfare and work are combined. Support services measured include three forms of child care (relative, babysitter, and center based), as well as three forms of human capital supports (child support, job training, and education). Controlling for a range of background factors and for different patterns of welfare use across the first five years, small positive associations with mother's earnings were found for child support, education, and job training. Small positive associations were also found between child support and both math and reading scores. Finally positive associations of medium effect size were found between center care and-both mothers' earnings and child PPVT scores. Although effect sizes are generally small, the results suggest the potential value of welfare reform approaches which emphasize long-term human capital development. Interactions among welfare dynamics and support services suggest subgroup differences. Specifically, positive effects of support services on earnings are strongest among mothers with higher levels of human capital (higher levels of work while on welfare, lower total time on welfare). Babysitter care appears to have negative effects on both reading and math scores of children whose mothers report low levels of work while on we lfare. Implications for welfare reform policy are discussed. |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu. "Welfare Dynamics, Support Services, Mothers' Earnings, and Child Cognitive Development: Implications for Contemporary Welfare Reform." Child Development 70,3 (May-June 1999): 779-801.
|
| 2. |
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu |
|
Welfare Dynamics, Support Services, Mothers' Earnings, and Child Development: Implications for Contemporary Welfare Reform Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University, 1998 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Child Care; Child Development; Cognitive Development; Human Capital; Job Training; Mothers, Income; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Support Networks; Welfare These three prospective longitudinal studies, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), address the gap in the literature regarding the effects of welfare reform on children. Key questions addressed include whether welfare dynamics and support services relevant to welfare reform in the first five years of life are associated with subsequent mothers' earnings and middle childhood developmental outcomes. Studies 1 and 2 focus on child cognitive and mental health outcomes, respectively. Welfare dynamics variables include time on welfare, cycling on and off welfare, and degree to which welfare and work are combined. Support services include three forms of child care (relative, babysitter, and center-based), as well as human capital supports (child support, job training, and education). In study 1, small positive associations with mother's earnings were found for child support, education, and job training. Small positive associations were also found between child support and both math and reading scores. Finally, positive associations of medium effect size were found between center care and both mothers' earnings and child PPVT scores. The results suggest the potential value of welfare reform approaches which emphasize long-term human capital development. Interactions among welfare dynamics and support services suggest that effects of supports on child cognitive outcomes differ according to the mother's welfare dynamics. In Study 2, no main effects of welfare use patterns or support services were found on child externalizing or internalizing symptoms. However, as with the cognitive outcomes, interactions imply subgroup differences. For example, the combination of job training and high levels of work while on welfare is associated with elevated levels of externalizing symptoms, suggesting a "stress overload" process resulting in potential harm to children's development. In Study 3, multi-dimensional cluster profiles of welfare dynamics were developed, validated using mother's earnings as the criterion, and then investigated in relation to the child outcomes. Clusters found include Short-Term, Short-Term Work Exit, Working Cyclers, Non-Working Cyclers, Cycle to Long-Term Exit, and Long-Term groups. Children of the Working Cyclers were found to show higher levels of internalizing symptoms than those of Non-Working Cyclers. Implications for contemporary welfare reform policies are discussed. Copyright: Dissertation Abstracts |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu. Welfare Dynamics, Support Services, Mothers' Earnings, and Child Development: Implications for Contemporary Welfare Reform. Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University, 1998. |
| 3. |
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu Seidman, Edward |
|
Multidimensional Profiles of Welfare and Work Dynamics: Development, Validation, and Associations with Child Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes American Journal of Community Psychology 29,6 (December 2001): 907-936. Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/q5g152527015xn26/ Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Plenum Publishing Corporation Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Child Development; Cognitive Development; Earnings; Employment; Maternal Employment; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Poverty; Welfare; Work History This prospective study addresses multidimensional variation in welfare use (Aid to Families with Dependent Children) and employment patterns, and relationships of such variation with parent earnings and child development outcomes. Cluster analysis was utilized, using monthly welfare and employment data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, to examine variation within the welfare population in their welfare and work patterns across the 1st 5 yrs of children's lives. Six cluster profiles of welfare and work dynamics were found: Short-Term, Short-Term Work Exit, Working Cyclers, Nonworking Cyclers, Cycle to Long-Term Exit, and Long-Term. The clusters were validated using mother's 6th-yr earnings as the criterion. The clusters' associations with child development outcomes in the cognitive and mental health domains (at ages 6 and 7) were then explored. Work following short-term welfare use was associated with higher child reading scores than that following long-term use (a moderate-size effect). Cycling on and off welfare in the context of high levels of employment was associated with higher child internalizing symptoms than cycling accompanied by low levels of employment (a moderate-size effect). Implications for evaluation of welfare-to-work policies are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2000 APA, all rights reserved): |
|
|
Bibliography Citation
Yoshikawa, Hirokazu and Edward Seidman. "Multidimensional Profiles of Welfare and Work Dynamics: Development, Validation, and Associations with Child Cognitive and Mental Health Outcomes." American Journal of Community Psychology 29,6 (December 2001): 907-936.
|