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Author: Vicknair, Keven
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Farkas, George England, Paula A. Vicknair, Keven Kilbourne, Barbara Stanek |
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Cognitive Skill, Skill Demands of Jobs, and Earnings Among Young European American, African American, and Mexican American Workers Social Forces 75, 3 (March 1997): 913-940. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2580524 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: University of North Carolina Press Keyword(s): Cognitive Ability; Earnings; Education; Ethnic Differences; Gender Differences; Racial Differences; Skills; Test Scores/Test theory/IRT; Wage Gap; Work Experience Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Do the cognitive skills possessed by an individual affect access to more cognitively demanding occupations and hence to the associated higher earnings? To what extent do difference between African Americans, U.S.-born Mexican Americans, and European Americans (Whites) in average cognitive skills account for the lower-skilled jobs and lower earnings of African Americans and Mexican Americans? From analyses of 1991 National Longitudinal Survey (NLSY) data for six groups defined by ethnicity and gender, we found that individual cognitive skill level (as standardized test scores) affects access to occupations requiring more cognitive skill and affects wages levels, even when controlling for education, work experience and other factors. Most of the effect of cognitive skills on earnings is direct; a smaller portion is indirect, through access to occupations requiring more cognitive skill. The lower average cognitive skill levels for African Americans and Mexican Americans explain a substantial proportion of the earnings gaps between these groups European Americans. By contrast, cognition skills explain none of the gender gap in pay within ethnic groups. We conclude that to understand or alter racial or ethnic inequalities in earnings, scholars and policy-maters must attend to social sources of group differences in cognition skills, such as school, family, and neighborhood experiences. |
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Bibliography Citation
Farkas, George, Paula A. England, Keven Vicknair and Barbara Stanek Kilbourne. "Cognitive Skill, Skill Demands of Jobs, and Earnings Among Young European American, African American, and Mexican American Workers." Social Forces 75, 3 (March 1997): 913-940.
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Farkas, George Vicknair, Keven |
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Appropriate Tests of Racial Wage Discrimination Require Controls for Cognitive Skill: Comment on Cancio, Evans, and Maume American Sociological Review 61,4 (August 1996): 557-560. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2096392 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: American Sociological Association Keyword(s): Discrimination, Racial/Ethnic; Modeling; Racial Differences; Wage Differentials; Wage Gap Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In "Reconsidering the Declining Significance of Race: Racial Differences in Early Career Wages" (see abstract), A. Silvia Cancio, T. David Evans, & David J. Maume, Jr., claim that racial wage discrimination increased after 1976. Here, it is argued that Cancio, Evans, & Maume omitted a key control variable - cognitive skill - from the regression performed. Analysis is based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth on male workers ages 26-33 who held full-time jobs in 1991 (N not specified). A regression model that controls for cognitive skill, measured by tests conducted in 1980 when Ss were ages 15-22, is found to explain 109% of the wage gap, thus eliminating the finding of race discrimination against black men. 1 Table. B. Jones (Copyright 1997, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.) |
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Bibliography Citation
Farkas, George and Keven Vicknair. "Appropriate Tests of Racial Wage Discrimination Require Controls for Cognitive Skill: Comment on Cancio, Evans, and Maume." American Sociological Review 61,4 (August 1996): 557-560.
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