Search Results
Author: Van Winkle, Zachary
Resulting in 5 citations.
1. |
Fasang, Anette Gruijters, Rob J. Van Winkle, Zachary |
The Life Course Boat: A Theoretical Framework for Analyzing Variation in Family Lives Across Time, Place, and Social Location Journal of Marriage and Family published online (18 June 2024). Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jomf.13012 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: National Council on Family Relations Keyword(s): Life Course Objective: We propose a life course theoretical framework for understanding variation in family life courses between birth cohorts (historical time), societies (place), and social groups (social location). Building on the life course paradigm, we explain how key predictors on different levels of analysis can reinforce, precondition, counteract, preclude, or alter each other's influence on family life courses in specific contexts. The proposed framework re-organizes and extends core principles of the life course paradigm into family life course predictors and outcomes on the individual, relational, and population levels. Background: The life course approach is a well-recognized interdisciplinary paradigm in family research but often remains too abstract to guide hypotheses about family life course variation. Method: We demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework with a qualitative case study on family life courses in Senegal and a quantitative case study on family life course change between Baby Boomer and Millennial cohorts in the United States using sequence analysis. Results: Findings of the two example applications support that fertility decline in Senegal was primarily driven by material considerations and not by ideational change and that family life course de-standardization was greater between White Baby Boomers and Millennials compared to Black Boomers and Millennials. Conclusion: Developing narrower mid-range theories that fill the basic life course principles with substantive content and target specific fields of application, such as family life courses, is promising to advance life course theory. |
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Bibliography Citation
Fasang, Anette, Rob J. Gruijters and Zachary Van Winkle. "The Life Course Boat: A Theoretical Framework for Analyzing Variation in Family Lives Across Time, Place, and Social Location." Journal of Marriage and Family published online (18 June 2024).
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2. |
Poylio, Heta Van Winkle, Zachary |
Do Parental Resources Moderate the Relationship Between Women's Income and First Birth? Presented: Denver CO, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2018 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Population Association of America Keyword(s): Cross-national Analysis; Family Income; Finland, Finnish; First Birth; Income; Parenthood Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Research suggests that women's delayed entry into parenthood is attributable to higher educational attainment and labor market status. We examine the extent that parental resources moderate the relationship between women's income and the timing of first birth in a liberal and social democratic welfare state. Results from Cox regressions using the 1979 US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the Finnish Census Panel data show that parental resources and women's income are associated with delayed entry into parenthood. Further, in both countries parental resources are associated with delayed parenthood among low-income women, but with earlier parenthood among high-income women. However, the parental resource that moderates this relationship differs by the level of public family support. In the US, material resources, i.e. parental income, are associated with delayed first birth among low-income women. In contrast, immaterial resources, i.e. parental education, are associated with postponed parenthood among low-income women in Finland. |
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Bibliography Citation
Poylio, Heta and Zachary Van Winkle. "Do Parental Resources Moderate the Relationship Between Women's Income and First Birth?" Presented: Denver CO, Population Association of America Annual Meeting, April 2018. |
3. |
Poylio, Heta Van Winkle, Zachary |
Do Parental Resources Moderate the Relationship Between Women's Income and Timing of Parenthood? Advances in Life Course Research 39 (March 2019): 1-12. Also: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040260818301047 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Cross-national Analysis; Finland, Finnish; Income; Motherhood; Parental Influences; Parenthood Previous research has concentrated on the associations between higher incomes and delayed entry into parenthood, disadvantaged family background and early childbirth, and the availability of public childcare and fertility. This paper examines the extent to which parental resources moderate the relationship between women's income and entry into parenthood, comparing two countries with very different levels of public family support: Finland and the United States. We use Cox regressions with data from the 1979 US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and the Finnish Census Panel data to demonstrate both striking similarities and differences between the two countries. First, high-income women from disadvantaged backgrounds postpone entry into parenthood in both countries. Second, high parental resources are associated with postponed entry into parenthood among low-income women. However, we find differences between the two countries regarding which parental resource is most influential. While parental income is important in the US, parental education matters most in Finland. |
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Bibliography Citation
Poylio, Heta and Zachary Van Winkle. "Do Parental Resources Moderate the Relationship Between Women's Income and Timing of Parenthood?" Advances in Life Course Research 39 (March 2019): 1-12.
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4. |
Van Winkle, Zachary Fasang, Anette Eva |
Parenthood Wage Gaps Across the Life Course: A Comparison by Gender and Race Journal of Marriage and Family published online (30 July 2020): DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12713. Also: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jomf.12713 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Gender Differences; Life Course; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Parenthood; Racial Differences; Wage Gap Objective: We map the magnitude, timing, and persistence of parenthood wage gaps in the life course for Black, Hispanic, and White men and women in the United States. Background: Previous research indicates that penalties only persist into mid‐life for mothers with three or more children without distinguishing by race. The timing and age range in which parenthood wage gaps occur for fathers and mothers of different racial backgrounds are unknown. We develop a theoretical framework based on the gender‐ and race‐specific interplay between labor market dynamics and family demographics over the life course to derive hypotheses. Method: Age‐specific parenthood wage gaps from ages 20-40 are estimated using 1979 and 1997 National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth data and fixed effects models. Results: Only White women with three or more children suffer large and persistent adjusted motherhood penalties up to age 40. For Black and Hispanic mothers, penalties are concentrated in a brief age range of 5-10 years around age 30 and then attenuate irrespective of the number of children. Adjusted fatherhood premiums only occur for White men and are confined to brief periods in early adulthood, suggesting that they result from complex selection effects into education, employment, and fatherhood. |
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Bibliography Citation
Van Winkle, Zachary and Anette Eva Fasang. "Parenthood Wage Gaps Across the Life Course: A Comparison by Gender and Race." Journal of Marriage and Family published online (30 July 2020): DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12713.
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Van Winkle, Zachary Struffolino, Emanuela |
When Working Isn't Enough: Family Demographic Processes and In-Work Poverty Across the Life Course in the United States Demographic Research 39 (2018): 365-380. Also: https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol39/12/default.htm Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Keyword(s): Family Process Measures; Life Course; Marriage; Parenthood; Poverty Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Objective: We estimate the risk of in-work poverty in the United States over the life course as a function of family demographic processes, namely leaving the parental home, union formation and dissolution, and the transition to parenthood. Methods: We use data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) and fixed effects regression models with interactions between age and each family demographic process to estimate age-specific associations between these processes and the probability of in-work poverty. Results: In-work poverty is a common phenomenon across the life courses of our study cohort: 20% of individuals are at risk of in-work poverty at every age. However, the risk generally decreases for men and increases for women across the life course. Leaving the parental home, entering parenthood, and separation increase, while marriage decreases the risk of in-work poverty. While the associations between marital statuses and in-work poverty are stable over the life course, the associations between parental home leaving and fertility with in-work poverty vary by age. |
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Bibliography Citation
Van Winkle, Zachary and Emanuela Struffolino. "When Working Isn't Enough: Family Demographic Processes and In-Work Poverty Across the Life Course in the United States." Demographic Research 39 (2018): 365-380.
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