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Author: Ulimwengu, John M.
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Ulimwengu, John M. |
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Persistent and Transitory Poverty Across Locations in the United States Ph.D. Dissertation, Ohio State University, 2006. Also: http://www.ohiolink.edu.proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/etd/send-pdf.cgi/Ulimwengu%20John%20M.pdf?acc%5Fnum=osu1154789728 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT) Keyword(s): Benefits; Geocoded Data; Human Capital; Income; Labor Force Participation; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Modeling, Mixed Effects; Modeling, Random Effects; Poverty; Rural/Urban Differences; Wages Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using a geocoded version of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), my findings suggest that the persistently poor receive less than 65% of their total income as wages, accumulate fewer assets, and rely heavily on government social transfers. Although their incomes fall below the poverty line occasionally, the transitorily poor stay above the poverty line most of the time. I confirm the presence of poverty clusters as well as the presence of spatial interaction across locations. This calls for cooperation among counties or states in the fight against poverty. I use a generalized mixed linear model that incorporates both fixed and random effects while controlling for individual characteristics and spatial attributes. I find that the persistently poor and the transitorily poor experience very different poverty paths. Years of education, labor market participation, and access to the benefit of economic growth are among the major factors explaining the difference in wellbeing between the two groups of poor households. Spatial attributes such as level of employment and population share of college graduates yield different returns in terms of wellbeing with respect to metro or nonmetro locations. In metro areas, the effect of job-training, economic growth and human capital on household living standards decreases with respect to the population size. In nonmetro areas, the effect of an increase in the share of college graduates increases with the rurality of the location. The more rural the location, the greater is the effect of human capital on living standards. Overall, my findings support arguments in favor of policies that differentiate persistent poverty from transitory poverty. They also highlight the importance of spatial attributes in the fight against poverty. |
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Bibliography Citation
Ulimwengu, John M. Persistent and Transitory Poverty Across Locations in the United States. Ph.D. Dissertation, Ohio State University, 2006.. |
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Ulimwengu, John M. Kraybill, David S. |
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Poverty over Time and Location: An Examination of Metro/Nonmetro Differences American Journal of Agricultural Economics 86,5 (December 2004): 1282-1289. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3697942 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Family Income; Family Models; Family Studies; Geocoded Data; Poverty; Rural/Urban Differences The article analyzes the differences between dynamically poor living in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas in the U.S. using a framework that incorporates both time and space. A dynamically poor individual is defined as someone whose income has been below the poverty line for at least one year. There are two categories of dynamic poverty. Persistent poverty applies to individuals poor for ten years or more. Transitory poverty applies to individuals poor for one to nine years. The official poverty line in the U.S. represents the cost of acquiring a minimum basket of goods for families of various sizes. The key indicators, expected living standard of the poor and the probability of remaining poor, are based on a living-standards model that adjusts for local and individual characteristics. These two indicators reveal whether there are locational differences in living standards and poverty after controlling for differences in the values of characteristics and the returns to characteristics. Data are a geocoded version of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), a nationally representative sample of 12,686 individuals aged 14-21 in 1978. |
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Bibliography Citation
Ulimwengu, John M. and David S. Kraybill. "Poverty over Time and Location: An Examination of Metro/Nonmetro Differences." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 86,5 (December 2004): 1282-1289.
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