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Author: Salkever, David S.
Resulting in 2 citations.
1. Salkever, David S.
Interpreting the NLSY79 Empirical Data on “IQ” and "Achievement": A Comment on Borghans et al.'s "Identification Problems in Personality Psychology"
Personality and Individual Differences 85 (October 2015): 66-68.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886915003050
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); I.Q.; Misclassification, Mismeasurement; Personality/Big Five Factor Model or Traits; Statistical Analysis

In an otherwise interesting and enlightening article, Borghans, Golsteyn, Heckman, and Humphries (2011) analyzed evidence from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) to support their contention that "achievement" tests have greater power than "IQ" tests in predicting "a variety of life outcomes". A key point in their argument is their contention that scores on the Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT) represent "achievement" scores and that the AFQT is qualitatively different from purported true "IQ" score data also available in the NLSY79. This contention is based on both conceptual argument and empirical analysis of NLSY79 data. This comment disputes their contention on both grounds. First, it argues that their conceptual distinction is contradicted in the educational testing literature and is based on erroneous assumptions about the nature of the purported true "IQ" test data in the NLSY79. Second, it presents evidence that their empirical findings flow from problems in true "IQ" score imputation and large gaps in calendar time between the purported true "IQ" tests and AFQT and personality test data in the NLSY79 data set.
Bibliography Citation
Salkever, David S. "Interpreting the NLSY79 Empirical Data on “IQ” and "Achievement": A Comment on Borghans et al.'s "Identification Problems in Personality Psychology"." Personality and Individual Differences 85 (October 2015): 66-68.
2. Salkever, David S.
Updated Estimates of Earnings Benefits from Reduced Exposure of Children to Environmental Lead
Environmental Research 70,1 (July 1995): 1-6.
Also: http://www.idealibrary.com/links/artid/enrs.1995.1038
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Academic Press, Inc.
Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Benefits, Fringe; Child Health; Cognitive Ability; Drug Use; Earnings; Education; Educational Status; Environment, Pollution/Urban Density; Environmental Exposure/Environmental Policy; Epidemiology; Income

The recent and important study by Schwartz found that almost three-fourths of the benefits of reduced lead exposure in children are in the form of earnings gains (earnings losses avoided). New data on recent trends in returns to education and cognitive skills in the labor market suggest a need to revise this estimate upward. Based on an analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the present study estimates that an upward revision of at least 50% (or $2.5 billion per annual birth cohort) is indicated. The study also finds evidence that percentage earnings gains are considerably larger for females than for males.
Bibliography Citation
Salkever, David S. "Updated Estimates of Earnings Benefits from Reduced Exposure of Children to Environmental Lead." Environmental Research 70,1 (July 1995): 1-6.