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Author: Raelin, Joseph A.

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1.	Raelin, Joseph A.
1.	A Comparative Analysis of Female-Male Early Youth Careers Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 21,2 (May 1982): 231-247. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1982.tb00230.x/abstract Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, Berkeley Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Job Satisfaction; Schooling; Vocational Training; Work Attitudes; Work Knowledge Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This article investigates the accessibility of any career-related levers available to women to enhance opportunity during their early work experience. Such "levers" were found to be minimal, and it was discovered that young women are unlikely to benefit from job changes or from adjustments in their disposition toward work and their jobs. Results indicated that the way to get ahead as a woman is to be intelligent, to get as much education and training as possible, and to land a good first job.
	Bibliography Citation Raelin, Joseph A. "A Comparative Analysis of Female-Male Early Youth Careers." Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society 21,2 (May 1982): 231-247.

2.	Raelin, Joseph A.
2.	A Comparative Study of Later Work Experience Among Full-Time, Part-Time, and Unemployed Male Youth Journal of Vocational Behavior 19,3 (December 1981): 315-327. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000187918190066X Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Academic Press, Inc. Keyword(s): Duncan Index; Earnings; I.Q.; Job Satisfaction; Occupational Status; Part-Time Work; Unemployment Male youth who are early entrants in the labor force and who spend the bulk of their work time in part-time employment do as well in their later work experience as full-time youth when controlling for demographic and work pattern variables. However, part-time employment leads to some job dissatisfaction. Youth who spend the bulk of their time unemployed, in their early careers, do not fare as well as the part-timers and full-timers. They suffer in particular from lower subsequent job satisfaction, which may have later social and psychological, if not economic, consequences.
	Bibliography Citation Raelin, Joseph A. "A Comparative Study of Later Work Experience Among Full-Time, Part-Time, and Unemployed Male Youth." Journal of Vocational Behavior 19,3 (December 1981): 315-327.

3.	Raelin, Joseph A.
3.	Building a Career: The Effect of Initial Job Experiences and Related Work Attitudes on Later Employment Kalamazoo, MI: Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 1980 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Discrimination, Sex; Job Aspirations; Schooling; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Wages; Work Attitudes; Work Experience Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This investigation of the long term effects of early work experiences develops a causal model of early youth careers in order to examine the relationship between different work characteristics, job satisfaction, aspirations, and later wages. Findings include: (1) the quality of entry jobs and initial career attitudes are determined by background factors, particularly education; (2) later occupational status is affected primarily by prior work experience and attitudes; (3) young women face enormous barriers to achieving wage parity with young men and they experience sex discrimination throughout their careers. The author presents nine public policy recommendations based on these and other findings. Included among them is the recommendation that young people should be encouraged to hold the highest possible career aspirations since there is no disutility to exaggerated aspirations and since strong aspirations also help youth improve their disadvantaged positions.
	Bibliography Citation Raelin, Joseph A. Building a Career: The Effect of Initial Job Experiences and Related Work Attitudes on Later Employment. Kalamazoo, MI: Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 1980.

4.	Raelin, Joseph A.
4.	First-Job Effects on Career Development Personnel Administrator 28,8 (August 1983): 71-76 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Society for Human Resource Management Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Job Knowledge; Job Patterns; Job Search; Job Turnover This article is a policy summary from Raelin's research volume, Building A Career. A number of recommendations are offered to human resource managers regarding the early career development of their young employees. For example, since a youth's first job is so critical in determining later success, career specialists need to know the career potential and turnover rates of their entry-level jobs. Where "secondary" jobs are identified, they should be isolated for redesign.
	Bibliography Citation Raelin, Joseph A. "First-Job Effects on Career Development." Personnel Administrator 28,8 (August 1983): 71-76.

5.	Raelin, Joseph A.
5.	Youth, Permanent Part-Time Employment as a Labor Market Alternative to Full-Time Work: A Longitudinal Analysis Journal of Occupational Behaviour 4,3 (July 1983): 179-191 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Job Patterns; Part-Time Work; Wages Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study examines two hypotheses developed from the literature on part-time employment: that youth whose first job becomes permanent and who are employed part-time will experience neither lower status nor wages in their later work experience compared to their full-time counterparts. These same youth, however, will not fare as well in their later employment compared to in-school youth who are also working part-time. The data are subjected to analyses of variance and covariance. The latter technique adjusts the main effects of working time for a number of work experience and demographic variables which were identified as potential contaminants. The results support both hypotheses. Permanent part-time work for youth who choose not to remain in school is a viable labor market alternative. The policy implications of this general finding are discussed.
	Bibliography Citation Raelin, Joseph A. "Youth, Permanent Part-Time Employment as a Labor Market Alternative to Full-Time Work: A Longitudinal Analysis." Journal of Occupational Behaviour 4,3 (July 1983): 179-191.

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