Search Results

Author: McGrath, Jennifer J.
Resulting in 2 citations.
1. Spencer, Nicholas James
Ludvigsson, Johnny
You, Yueyue
Francis, Kate
Awad, Yara Abu
Markham, Wolfgang
Faresjö, Tomas
Goldhaber-Fiebert, Jeremy
White, Pär Andersson
Raat, Hein
Mensah, Fiona
Gauvin, Lise
McGrath, Jennifer J.
Household Income and Maternal Education in Early Childhood and Activity-limiting Chronic Health Conditions in Late Childhood: Findings from Birth Cohort Studies from Six Countries
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health published online (July 2022): DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219228.
Also: https://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2022/07/21/jech-2022-219228
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group, Ltd. - British Medical Journal Publishing Group
Keyword(s): Australia, Australian; Britain, British; Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY); Health, Chronic Conditions; Household Income; Mothers, Education; Sweden, Swedish

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Background: We examined absolute and relative relationships between household income and maternal education during early childhood (<5 years) with activity-limiting chronic health conditions (ALCHC) during later childhood in six longitudinal, prospective cohorts from high-income countries (UK, Australia, Canada, Sweden, Netherlands, USA).

Methods: Relative inequality (risk ratios, RR) and absolute inequality (Slope Index of Inequality) were estimated for ALCHC during later childhood by maternal education categories and household income quintiles in early childhood. Estimates were adjusted for mother ethnicity, maternal age at birth, child sex and multiple births, and were pooled using meta-regression.

Results: Pooled estimates, with over 42 000 children, demonstrated social gradients in ALCHC for high maternal education versus low (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.85) and middle education (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38); as well as for high household income versus lowest (RR 1.90, 95% CI 1.66 to 2.18) and middle quintiles (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.54). Absolute inequality showed decreasing ALCHC in all cohorts from low to high education (range: −2.85% Sweden, −13.36% Canada) and income (range: −1.8% Sweden, −19.35% Netherlands).

Bibliography Citation
Spencer, Nicholas James, Johnny Ludvigsson, Yueyue You, Kate Francis, Yara Abu Awad, Wolfgang Markham, Tomas Faresjö, Jeremy Goldhaber-Fiebert, Pär Andersson White, Hein Raat, Fiona Mensah, Lise Gauvin and Jennifer J. McGrath. "Household Income and Maternal Education in Early Childhood and Activity-limiting Chronic Health Conditions in Late Childhood: Findings from Birth Cohort Studies from Six Countries." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health published online (July 2022): DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219228.
2. White, Pär Andersson
Awad, Yara Abu
Gauvin, Lise
Spencer, Nicholas James
McGrath, Jennifer J.
Clifford, Susan A.
Nikiema, Béatrice
Yang-Huang, Junwen
Goldhaber-Fiebert, Jeremy
Markham, Wolfgang
Mensah, Fiona
van Grieken, Amy
Raat, Hein
Jaddoe, V. W. V.
Ludvigsson, Johnny
Faresjö, Tomas
EPOCH Collaborative Group
Household Income and Maternal Education in Early Childhood and Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Late Childhood: Findings from Seven Birth Cohort Studies in Six High-income Countries
International Journal of Obesity 46 (2022): 1703-1711.
Also: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-022-01171-7
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group
Keyword(s): Australia, Australian; Britain, British; Canada, Canadian; Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY); Cross-national Analysis; Household Income; Mothers, Education; Netherlands; Obesity; Socioeconomic Background; Sweden, Swedish

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Background/objectives: This study analysed the relationship between early childhood socioeconomic status (SES) measured by maternal education and household income and the subsequent development of childhood overweight and obesity.

Subjects/methods: Data from seven population-representative prospective child cohorts in six high-income countries: United Kingdom, Australia, the Netherlands, Canada (one national cohort and one from the province of Quebec), USA, Sweden. Children were included at birth or within the first 2 years of life. Pooled estimates relate to a total of N = 26,565 included children. Overweight and obesity were defined using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs and measured in late childhood (8-11 years). Risk ratios (RRs) and pooled risk estimates were adjusted for potential confounders (maternal age, ethnicity, child sex). Slope Indexes of Inequality (SII) were estimated to quantify absolute inequality for maternal education and household income.

Results: Prevalence ranged from 15.0% overweight and 2.4% obese in the Swedish cohort to 37.6% overweight and 15.8% obese in the US cohort. Overall, across cohorts, social gradients were observed for risk of obesity for both low maternal education (pooled RR: 2.99, 95% CI: 2.07, 4.31) and low household income (pooled RR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.68, 4.30); between-cohort heterogeneity ranged from negligible to moderate (p: 0.300 to < 0.001). The association between RRs of obesity by income was lowest in Sweden than in other cohorts.

Conclusions: There was a social gradient by maternal education on the risk of childhood obesity in all included cohorts. The SES associations measured by income were more heterogeneous and differed between Sweden versus the other national cohorts; these findings may be attributable to policy differences, including preschool policies, maternity leave, a ban on advertising to children, and universal free school meals.

Bibliography Citation
White, Pär Andersson, Yara Abu Awad, Lise Gauvin, Nicholas James Spencer, Jennifer J. McGrath, Susan A. Clifford, Béatrice Nikiema, Junwen Yang-Huang, Jeremy Goldhaber-Fiebert, Wolfgang Markham, Fiona Mensah, Amy van Grieken, Hein Raat, V. W. V. Jaddoe, Johnny Ludvigsson, Tomas Faresjö and EPOCH Collaborative Group. "Household Income and Maternal Education in Early Childhood and Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Late Childhood: Findings from Seven Birth Cohort Studies in Six High-income Countries." International Journal of Obesity 46 (2022): 1703-1711.