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Author: McElroy, Marjorie B.
Resulting in 5 citations.
1. Horney, Mary Jean
McElroy, Marjorie B.
A Nash-Bargained Linear Expenditure System: The Demand for Leisure and Goods
Report No. 8041, Center for Mathematical Studies in Business and Economics, University of Chicago, 1980
Cohort(s): Mature Women
Publisher: Center for Mathematical Studies in Business and Economics, University of Chicago
Keyword(s): Bargaining Model; Earnings; Household Income; Leisure

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Consistent with the Nash bargaining model, this report presents empirical estimates of a linear expenditure system. A three commodity system is presented along with the different tests that this expenditure system collapses to a neoclassical one. As a result, the authors found some evidence that the model does not collapse to the neoclassical one. This research and other studies mentioned in this paper, mark only the beginning of evaluating empirical payoff to a bargaining approach.
Bibliography Citation
Horney, Mary Jean and Marjorie B. McElroy. "A Nash-Bargained Linear Expenditure System: The Demand for Leisure and Goods." Report No. 8041, Center for Mathematical Studies in Business and Economics, University of Chicago, 1980.
2. Kniesner, Thomas J.
McElroy, Marjorie B.
Wilcox, Steven P.
Family Structure, Race, and the Hazards of Young Women in Poverty, or Getting Into Poverty Without a Husband and getting Out, With or Without
Discussion Paper No. 193, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Australian National University - Canberra, 1988
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: Australian National University - Canberra
Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Children; Family Structure; Marital Status; Mothers; Parents, Single; Poverty; Racial Differences; Welfare

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

From 1970 to the early 1980s the population of adults of both sexes living in poverty in the United States increased by about 30 percent. The greater absolute increase in the number of women living in poverty during the period has been termed the feminization of poverty. This paper presents a micro theoretical and empirical analysis of changes in family structure over the last 15 years and their resulting effect, by race, on the poverty status of young women. The analysis uses the NLS of Young Women. The so-called feminization of poverty occurred almost solely because of the startling secular growth in the number of single mothers. Thus, the authors focus their efforts on quantifying the factors behind the movement of women into and out of single motherhood during the early stages of their adult lives. The statistical approach includes estimating multivariate proportional hazard functions for poverty entry and exit. The list of explanatory variables is poor and contains only variables that are truly pre-determined. It was found that even after controlling for family background, age, and measure of human capital accumulation, as well as for interstate variation in AFDC generosity, in per capita income, and in gender mix, young black women still enter poverty through the single motherhood at almost three times the rate of their white counterparts. Young black women have longer average spells of poverty because they not only enter poverty at higher rates but they exit the poverty associated with single motherhood more slowly. Even controlling for the variables of explanatory factors, the poverty exit rate for young black women is still only about two-thirds that of the young white women in these data. The authors conclude that, while AFDC generosity affects poverty rates, such programs have also trended in a direction that should have slowed the feminization of poverty and that aging tends to retard poverty entry more than it retards poverty exit. Because the US population of women is now aging, the authors expect the total number of poor single mothers with children to decline between now and the end of this century.
Bibliography Citation
Kniesner, Thomas J., Marjorie B. McElroy and Steven P. Wilcox. "Family Structure, Race, and the Hazards of Young Women in Poverty, or Getting Into Poverty Without a Husband and getting Out, With or Without." Discussion Paper No. 193, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Australian National University - Canberra, 1988.
3. Kniesner, Thomas J.
McElroy, Marjorie B.
Wilcox, Steven P.
Getting into Poverty Without a Husband, and Getting Out, With or Without
American Economic Review 78,2 (May 1988): 86-95.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1818103
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: American Economic Association
Keyword(s): Family Structure; Mothers; Parents, Single; Poverty; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Utilizing data from the NLS of Young Women, this research analyzed the poverty spells of young single mothers during the survey years 1968-1982. Findings include: (1) young black women are more likely than young white women to not only experience poverty but to stay in poverty; (2) changes in family structure account for nearly all entries into poverty with divorce the prevalent entry mode for white women and leaving the household of another adult the predominant mode for black women; (3) more young white women exit poverty via remarriage while black women typically rejoin either their parent's household or the household of another unrelated male adult; and (4) for both races, poverty status represented new poverty rather than poverty carried over from some previous family structure.
Bibliography Citation
Kniesner, Thomas J., Marjorie B. McElroy and Steven P. Wilcox. "Getting into Poverty Without a Husband, and Getting Out, With or Without." American Economic Review 78,2 (May 1988): 86-95.
4. McElroy, Marjorie B.
The Joint Determination of Household Membership and Market Work: The Case of Young Men
Journal of Labor Economics 3,3 (July 1985): 293-316.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2534843
Cohort(s): Mature Women, Older Men, Young Men
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Keyword(s): Bargaining Model; Behavior; Employment, Youth; Family Influences; Modeling, Probit; Pairs (also see Siblings); Wages

Labor supply and household membership are systematically related and jointly chosen. The Nash bargaining model of family behavior of McElroy and Horney (1981) is used to specify stochastic structural relationships (two indirect utility functions, a market and a reservation wage function) that jointly determine work consumption, and household membership. The maximum likelihood estimates of the implied trinomial probit model differ sharply from those obtained when either market work or household membership is taken as exogenous. This application to white male youths from a matched sample drawn from three National Longitudinal Surveys shows the insurance function of families. Parents insure their sons against poor market opportunities: in the face of poor market opportunities a son may return to his parents' household. His parents share in the utility loss and thereby cushion the son's utility loss.
Bibliography Citation
McElroy, Marjorie B. "The Joint Determination of Household Membership and Market Work: The Case of Young Men." Journal of Labor Economics 3,3 (July 1985): 293-316.
5. McElroy, Marjorie B.
Kniesner, Thomas J.
Family Structure, Race, and Feminization of Poverty
Working Paper, Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1986
Cohort(s): Mature Women
Publisher: Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Keyword(s): Divorce; Family Background and Culture; Family Structure; Life Cycle Research; Marital Status; Poverty; Remarriage; Welfare; Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The substantial increase in the number of women living in poverty during the 1970s and the 1980s has been termed the feminization of poverty. Our research analyzes theoretically and empirically changes in family structure and the concomitant contribution to this trend. Our empirical work utilizes the NLS Mature Women's data to analyze the poverty experience of women at a crucial stage in the life cycle. Emphasized are the joint roles of chance, choice, and exogenous background factors in determining family structure. In particular, we present estimated multivariate hazard factors for divorce and remarriage and their relationship to poverty entry and exit. The focus is on predetermined factors--including both welfare generosity and demographics. We conclude by conjecturing that (at least through the year 2000) poverty will be defeminized.
Bibliography Citation
McElroy, Marjorie B. and Thomas J. Kniesner. "Family Structure, Race, and Feminization of Poverty." Working Paper, Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1986.