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Author: Lyon, Larry
Resulting in 6 citations.
1. Abell, Troy
Lyon, Larry
Do the Differences Make a Difference? An Empirical Evaluation of the Culture of Poverty in the U.S.
American Ethnologist 6,3 (August 1979): 602-621.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/ae.1979.6.3.02a00120/abstract
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: American Anthropological Association
Keyword(s): Behavioral Differences; Demography; Educational Attainment; Family Influences; Family Structure; I.Q.; Occupational Attainment; Poverty; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Urbanization/Urban Living

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This analysis of the culture of poverty in the United States produces several findings specific to the theoretical propositions of Lewis and subsequent critiques: (1) there are significant differences between the descendants of the lower class and those of the middle class in relation to family structure, the community school system, region of the country, race, degree of urbanism, and IQ; (2) the differentiating behaviors appear to be socially transmitted from one generation to the next in terms of lower levels of income, occupational prestige and IQ scores; (3) six predictive variables of educational, occupational, and financial achievement (race, region of the country, degree of urbanism, number of siblings, home reading material, and IQ) also differentiate the two classes; (4) individual and familial factors are more powerful determinants of educational and occupational attainment than structural or societal forces; (5) two thirds of the income gap between descendants of the poor and those of the middle class is determined by structural forces beyond individual efforts at change. These findings reveal an explanatory model supportive of Gans' theoretical conception of the causes of poverty: behavior is thus a mixture of situational responses and cultural patterns. This analysis of the NLS data gives empirical documentation to Lewis's original hypothesis that certain individual and familial behaviors differentiating the lower and middle classes are causally linked with occupational prestige and income. Yet, these cultural behaviors are not the primary factors in the perpetuation of economic poverty.
Bibliography Citation
Abell, Troy and Larry Lyon. "Do the Differences Make a Difference? An Empirical Evaluation of the Culture of Poverty in the U.S." American Ethnologist 6,3 (August 1979): 602-621.
2. Caddell, Karen E.
Lyon, Larry
Culture of Poverty: An Empirical Evaluation
Presented: Fort Worth, TX, Meetings of the Southwestern Sociological Association, March 28-31, 1979
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: Southwestern Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Family Size; Home Environment; I.Q.; Modeling; Poverty; Wage Levels

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using data from the NLS of Young Men, the culture of poverty model (i.e., that individual characteristics of the poor aid in maintaining their poverty) was evaluated. Multiple regression aided in determining the most important variables. The causal effects of these variables were analyzed with path models. The results indicate that individual cultural variables (family size, home reading material, IQ) combine with structural variables (region, standard metropolitan statistical area) to contribute to maintaining low levels of pay and prestige across generations. Thus, limited support for the culture of poverty is found.
Bibliography Citation
Caddell, Karen E. and Larry Lyon. "Culture of Poverty: An Empirical Evaluation." Presented: Fort Worth, TX, Meetings of the Southwestern Sociological Association, March 28-31, 1979.
3. Lyon, Larry
Abell, Troy
Male Entry into the Labor Force: Estimates of Occupational Rewards and Labor Market Discrimination
Sociological Quarterly 21,1 (Winter 1980): 81-92.
Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1980.tb02200.x/abstract
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: Wiley Online
Keyword(s): Discrimination, Racial/Ethnic; Earnings; Family Influences; Mobility; Schooling

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Causal models of initial occupational rewards for black and white males are developed from the responses of first-year workers in the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience. A comparison of the black and white models shows that while blacks have experienced considerable upward mobility, their income and prestige remain far behind their white counterparts. Two explanations for this racial gap are indicated by the data: (1) blacks begin work with lower levels of key background variables, and (2) racial discrimination in the labor market. Our measurement of racial discrimination in labor market entry accounts for only a small proportion of the gap between black and white levels of rewards; and when compared with earlier research, the data indicate a national trend of decreasing racial discrimination in the labor market.
Bibliography Citation
Lyon, Larry and Troy Abell. "Male Entry into the Labor Force: Estimates of Occupational Rewards and Labor Market Discrimination." Sociological Quarterly 21,1 (Winter 1980): 81-92.
4. Lyon, Larry
Abell, Troy
Social Mobility among Young Black and White Men: A Longitudinal Study of Occupational Prestige and Income
Pacific Sociological Review 22,2 (April 1979): 201-222
Cohort(s): Young Men
Publisher: Pacific Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Discrimination, Racial/Ethnic; Income; Mobility; Mobility, Occupational; Occupational Prestige; Racial Differences

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The goal of much research in occupations has been to establish the determinants of occupational prestige. The NLS of Young Men provide data for the construction of causal models for black and white workers. These data were generated from four groups surveyed from 1966 to 1971. Subsamples of whites and of blacks were derived. The data allow several methodological variations from previous occupational mobility research, including longitudinal design, less reliance on retrospective techniques, and a more precise time-frame. The annual models indicate that beyond years of education, very few variables available to most surveys have a statistically significant effect on variation in occupational prestige and income. Also, these longitudinal surveys show a growing racial gap in occupational rewards. Much of the increase in black versus white reward increase is found to be related to labor market racial discrimination in advancement rather than to different levels of family background and labor market entry. Policy implications may be drawn based on the importance of education and racial discrimination in occupational mobility.
Bibliography Citation
Lyon, Larry and Troy Abell. "Social Mobility among Young Black and White Men: A Longitudinal Study of Occupational Prestige and Income." Pacific Sociological Review 22,2 (April 1979): 201-222.
5. Lyon, Larry
Abell, Troy
Jones, Elizabeth D.
Rector-Owen, Holley
The National Longitudinal Surveys Data for Labor Market Entry: Evaluating the Small Effects of Race Discrimination and the Large Effects of Sex Discrimination
Social Problems 29,5 (June 1982): 524-539.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/800401
Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women
Publisher: University of California Press
Keyword(s): Discrimination; Discrimination, Racial/Ethnic; Discrimination, Sex; Earnings; Employment; Family Influences; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Occupational Status; Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control); Socioeconomic Status (SES); Work Knowledge

This paper constructs racially and sexually comparative models of labor market entry to assess the effects of individual differences and labor market discrimination. Traditional measures of racial discrimination in the labor market are of relatively small importance in explaining prestige and income gaps compared to the effect of individual differences. Measures of sexual discrimination, however, are of considerable importance in accounting for the differences in prestige and income between male and female workers. Sexual discrimination works against women in the allocation of income, but against men for occupational prestige, a pattern that holds for both black and white workers. Discrimination against men for prestige is the logical counterpart of discrimination against women for income. Women should be considered theoretically and empirically distinct from blacks when minority relations are analyzed.
Bibliography Citation
Lyon, Larry, Troy Abell, Elizabeth D. Jones and Holley Rector-Owen. "The National Longitudinal Surveys Data for Labor Market Entry: Evaluating the Small Effects of Race Discrimination and the Large Effects of Sex Discrimination." Social Problems 29,5 (June 1982): 524-539.
6. Lyon, Larry
Rector-Owen, Holley
Labor Market Mobility Among Young Black and White Women: Longitudinal Models of Occupational Prestige and Income
Social Science Quarterly 62,1 (March 1981): 64-78
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Keyword(s): Discrimination, Racial/Ethnic; Earnings; Educational Attainment; Mobility; Mobility, Job; Occupational Status; Schooling; Socioeconomic Status (SES)

Permission to reprint the abstract has been denied by the publisher.

Bibliography Citation
Lyon, Larry and Holley Rector-Owen. "Labor Market Mobility Among Young Black and White Women: Longitudinal Models of Occupational Prestige and Income." Social Science Quarterly 62,1 (March 1981): 64-78.