Search Results

Author: Kandel, Denise B.
Resulting in 14 citations.
1. Griesler, Pamela C.
Kandel, Denise B.
Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking
Journal of Adolescent Health 23,3 (September 1998):167-180.
Also: http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X%2898%2900029-9/abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Bias Decomposition; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Delinquency/Gang Activity; Deviance; Ethnic Differences; Family Characteristics; Hispanics; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Religious Influences; Role Models; Self-Esteem; Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC); Social Environment; Substance Use

PURPOSE: To examine the correlates of cigarette smoking among African-American, Hispanic, and white adolescents in a cross-sectional national sample. METHODS: A total of 1795 mother-child dyads from the 1992 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were selected for analyses. Measures of adolescents cigarette smoking and family, individual, peer, and sociodemographic risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS: White youths reported the highest rates of lifetime, current, and persistent smoking, and initiated smoking at a significantly earlier age than African-Americans and Hispanics. Except for maternal cigarette smoking and substance use, African-Americans and Hispanics experienced a disproportionately larger number of purported risk factors than whites. Multivariate analyses revealed common and ethnic-specific correlates of adolescent lifetime and current smoking, with many more significant associations among whites than minorities. Common correlates included youth's age across all three ethnic groups, problem behaviors and delinquency among whites and African-Americans, and perceived peer pressure to smoke among whites and Hispanics. Ethnic-specific correlates included maternal smoking, maternal cocaine use, low maternal religiosity, and negative scholastic attitudes, which increased smoking for whites; and positive parenting, which reduced smoking for African-Americans. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of effects of maternal smoking and perceived peer pressure to smoke on African-American adolescents compared with whites suggests that role modeling and interpersonal influence may be more important determinants of smoking for white than African-American adolescents. The differential impact of family and peer factors on the smoking of adolescents of different ethnicity warrants further investigation.
Bibliography Citation
Griesler, Pamela C. and Denise B. Kandel. "Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking." Journal of Adolescent Health 23,3 (September 1998):167-180.
2. Griesler, Pamela C.
Kandel, Denise B.
Davies, Mark
Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Initiation and Persistence of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
Nicotine and Tobacco Research 4,1 (February 2002): 79-93.
Also: http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/1/79.abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Carfax Publishing Company ==> Taylor & Francis
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); CESD (Depression Scale); Child Health; Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Depression (see also CESD); Educational Aspirations/Expectations; Ethnic Differences; Hispanics; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Parent Supervision/Monitoring; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Aims: To identify and compare predictors of adolescent smoking initiation and persistence among African American, Hispanic and White adolescents in a longitudinal national sample.

Design: The sample includes 1537 mother-child dyads from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Family, youth, peer and sociodemographic risk and protective factors were analyzed.

Findings: White adolescents reported the highest rates of smoking initiation and persistence; African Americans and Hispanics the lowest. Multivariate analyses revealed mostly common and few ethnic-specific predictors of smoking initiation and persistence. For initiation, maternal current smoking, child age, child problem behavior, and perceived peer pressure to smoke were predictive across ethnic groups; female gender and ineffective parenting were predictive among Whites only. For persistence, child age, child problem behavior and perceived scholastic competence were predictive across ethnic groups; negative mood was predictive among Whites only.

Conclusions: More common than unique factors predict smoking initiation and persistence among adolescents of different ethnicity. However, the power to detect ethnicity-by-predictor interactions with respect to persistence was low. Social factors are more important for smoking initiation, whereas individual factors are more important for persistence, although child problem behaviors are common determinants both of initiation and persistence. With few exceptions, universal anti-smoking interventions should be targeted to youths of different ethnicity. (Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, 2002.)

Bibliography Citation
Griesler, Pamela C., Denise B. Kandel and Mark Davies. "Ethnic Differences in Predictors of Initiation and Persistence of Adolescent Cigarette Smoking in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth ." Nicotine and Tobacco Research 4,1 (February 2002): 79-93.
3. Kandel, Denise B.
Davies, Mark
Cocaine Use in a National Sample of U.S. Youth (NLSY): Epidemiology, Predictors, and Ethnic Patterns
In: Epidemiology of Cocaine Use and Abuse. S. Shober and C. Schade, eds. NIDA Research Monograph 110. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1991
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: NIDA - National Institute on Drug Abuse
Keyword(s): Drug Use; Hispanics; Racial Differences; Substance Use

Epidemiological surveys have established that following a sharp increase in the late 1970s and a seeming stabilization in the 1980s, cocaine use in the general population is starting to decline (Adams 1988; Rouse 1988; Johnston et al.1989). However, data are consistently presented for the American population as a whole. Potential ethnic differences and/or similarities in patterns of cocaine use are rarely discussed. An exception is the recently released report on the 1985 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1987). In this chapter, we take advantage of a large data set of young American adults, the Youth Cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of the labor force experience of young Americans (NLSY), to investigate in some detail patterns of cocaine use and selected risk factors for such use not only in the total youth population but also among three major ethnic groups, namely, whites, blacks and Hispanics. Specifically, we address the following three issues: (1) What is the prevalence of the use of cocaine and other drugs among young Americans reported by the three ethnic groups? (2) What is the order of initiation into the use of cocaine and other illicit drugs? Can one identify developmental patterns of involvement with cocaine? Are these patterns similar among the three ethnic groups? (3) What are the predictors of cocaine use among young adults? Are they different for whites, blacks and Hispanics?
Bibliography Citation
Kandel, Denise B. and Mark Davies. "Cocaine Use in a National Sample of U.S. Youth (NLSY): Epidemiology, Predictors, and Ethnic Patterns" In: Epidemiology of Cocaine Use and Abuse. S. Shober and C. Schade, eds. NIDA Research Monograph 110. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1991
4. Kandel, Denise B.
Davies, Mark
Cocaine Use in a National Sample of U.S. Youth (NLSY): Ethnic Patterns, Progression, and Predictors
Substance Use and Misuse 32,12-13 (January 1997): 1757-1762.
Also: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10826089709035577
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Marcel Dekker
Keyword(s): Drug Use; Epidemiology; Ethnic Differences; Ethnic Studies; Hispanics; Racial Differences; Substance Use

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This chapter investigates patterns of cocaine use and selected risk factors for Whites, Blacks and Hispanics in 1984 in a national sample aged 19-27, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Three issues are examined: the prevalence of the use of cocaine and other drugs; the order of initiation into the use of cocaine and other illicit drugs; and the predictors of cocaine use among young adults.
Bibliography Citation
Kandel, Denise B. and Mark Davies. "Cocaine Use in a National Sample of U.S. Youth (NLSY): Ethnic Patterns, Progression, and Predictors." Substance Use and Misuse 32,12-13 (January 1997): 1757-1762.
5. Kandel, Denise B.
Davies, Mark
Labor Force Experiences of a National Sample of Young Adult Men: The Role of Drug Involvement
Youth and Society 21,4 (June 1990): 411-445.
Also: http://yas.sagepub.com/content/21/4/411
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Drug Use; Earnings; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Labor Force Participation; Mobility; Mobility, Job; Unemployment Duration

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The impact of the use of legal and illegal drugs on the labor force experiences of young adult men was investigated in the male sample (N not given) of the NLSY (ages 19-27 in 1984). Examined over an annual interval (1984/85) were hourly wage rate, number of employers, number of employment gaps, and number of weeks unemployed. Controlling for human capital resources, health, lifestyle characteristics, and local unemployment rate, illicit drug use was found to impact three aspects of work performance, but not wage rate. Use of cocaine increased job mobility, the number of gaps between employment spells, and duration of unemployment. The deterioration in labor force performance that results from drug use appears to reflect the impact of drug use itself over and beyond the impact of self-selection factors that determine initial drug involvement. Results also indicate that job mobility early in work careers lowers the earnings of young workers. The job search paradigm, in which a change of employers is assumed to maximize the fit between workers and jobs, does not apply to all young men. Job changes may result from different causes among different subgroups of the population, and do not necessarily lead to optimization of job rewards. (Sociological Abstracts, Inc.).
Bibliography Citation
Kandel, Denise B. and Mark Davies. "Labor Force Experiences of a National Sample of Young Adult Men: The Role of Drug Involvement." Youth and Society 21,4 (June 1990): 411-445.
6. Kandel, Denise B.
Griesler, Pamela C.
Schaffran, Christine
Educational Attainment and Smoking among Women: Risk Factors and Consequences for Offspring
Drug and Alcohol Dependence 104,Supplement_1 (October 2009): S24-S33.
Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T63-4VGDNPK-1&_user=10&_coverDate=10%2F01%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=e959fe8aa16fa78f2d36f0827791f010&searchtype=a
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Elsevier
Keyword(s): Addiction; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; CESD (Depression Scale); Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Children, Behavioral Development; Depression (see also CESD); Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth); Pre/post Natal Behavior; Smoking (see Cigarette Use); Variables, Independent - Covariate; Women's Education

We examine the association between education and smoking by women in the population, including smoking during pregnancy, and identify risk factors for smoking and the consequences of smoking in pregnancy for children's smoking and behavioral problems. Secondary analyses of four national data sets were implemented: The National Survey of Drug Use and Health (2006), the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979-2004); the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Wave III); National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2006). The lower the level of education, the greater the risk of being a current smoker, smoking daily, smoking heavily, being nicotine dependent, starting to smoke at an early age, having higher levels of circulating cotinine per cigarettes smoked, and continuing to smoke in pregnancy. The educational gradient is especially strong in pregnancy. Educational level and smoking in pregnancy independently increase the risk of offspring smoking and antisocial and anxious/depressed behavior problems. These effects persist with control for other covariates, except maternal age at child's birth, which accounts for the impact of education on offspring smoking and anxious/depressed behavior problems. Women with low education should be the target of public health efforts toward reducing tobacco use. These efforts need to focus as much on social conditions that affect women's lives as on individual level interventions. These interventions would have beneficial effects not only for the women themselves but also for their offspring.
Bibliography Citation
Kandel, Denise B., Pamela C. Griesler and Christine Schaffran. "Educational Attainment and Smoking among Women: Risk Factors and Consequences for Offspring." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 104,Supplement_1 (October 2009): S24-S33.
7. Kandel, Denise B.
Rosenbaum, Emily
Chen, Kevin
Impact of Maternal Drug Use and Life Experiences on Preadolescent Children Born to Teenage Mothers
Journal of Marriage and Family 56,2 (May 1994): 325-340.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/353103
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: National Council on Family Relations
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Children, School-Age; Cognitive Development; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Deviance; Drug Use; Family Structure; Fathers, Absence; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Household Structure; Marital Disruption; Mothers, Adolescent; Mothers, Behavior; Mothers, Education; Parenthood; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Self-Esteem; Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC)

The influence of maternal drug use and unconventional behavior on children's behavioral problems, cognitive functioning, and self-esteem is examined for children aged 8 and older born to adolescent mothers. Analyses are based on 581 unique mother-child dyads from the 1986 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Causal model indicate that maternal attitudes and experiences as an adolescent or young adult (having been raised in a nonintact home, self-esteem, and delinquency) and current family structure have different consequences for the home environments provided for girls and boys. These same maternal characteristics also directly influence children's externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors, and feelings of self-worth. The effect of maternal drug use on children is indirect and operates through increasing the risk of marital disruption.
Bibliography Citation
Kandel, Denise B., Emily Rosenbaum and Kevin Chen. "Impact of Maternal Drug Use and Life Experiences on Preadolescent Children Born to Teenage Mothers." Journal of Marriage and Family 56,2 (May 1994): 325-340.
8. Mensch, Barbara S.
Kandel, Denise B.
Do Job Conditions Influence the Use of Drugs?
Journal of Health and Social Behavior 29,2 (June 1988): 169-184.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2137056
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Drug Use; Job Satisfaction; Occupations; Self-Reporting; Working Conditions

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The relationship between job conditions and use of four classes of drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and cocaine, are investigated using data from the NLSY, a nationally representative survey of the labor force experience of young adults aged 19-27 in 1984. Indirect measures of job characteristics, based on Census-based classifications developed by Karasek, et al.,1987 and the DOT (Miller et al., 1980) were supplemented by limited self-reported measures. No clear epidemiological patterns emerge regarding the distribution of drug use either in general or on the job across occupations and industries. Similarly, specific job dimensions, whether assessed from job titles or from the respondents themselves, showed very low correlations with recency/frequency measures of drug use. Individual factors indexing lack of commitment to social institutions, such as having dropped out of school, participation in delinquent activities and not being married are much stronger predictors of drug use than specific job conditions. This study concludes that substance use by workers is not due as much to conditions of the work place as to attributes of the work force.
Bibliography Citation
Mensch, Barbara S. and Denise B. Kandel. "Do Job Conditions Influence the Use of Drugs?" Journal of Health and Social Behavior 29,2 (June 1988): 169-184.
9. Mensch, Barbara S.
Kandel, Denise B.
Dropping Out of High School and Drug Involvement
Sociology of Education 61,2 (April 1988): 95-113.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2112267
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Drug Use; Event History; GED/General Educational Diploma/General Equivalency Degree/General Educational Development

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The relationship between dropping out of high school and substance use is explored using the NLSY, a national longitudinal sample of young Americans aged 19-27 in 1984. Cross-sectional data indicate that high school dropouts are more involved with cigarettes and illicit drugs than graduates, and those who go on to obtain a GED are the most intensely involved. Event history analysis indicates that, controlling for other important risk factors, prior use of cigarettes, marijuana and other illicit drugs increases the propensity of dropping out and that the earlier the initiation into drugs, the greater the probability of premature school leaving. Preventing or at least delaying initiation of drug use will reduce the incidence of dropping out in our nation's high schools.
Bibliography Citation
Mensch, Barbara S. and Denise B. Kandel. "Dropping Out of High School and Drug Involvement." Sociology of Education 61,2 (April 1988): 95-113.
10. Mensch, Barbara S.
Kandel, Denise B.
Drug Use as a Risk Factor for Premarital Teen Pregnancy and Abortion in a National Sample of Young White Women
Working Paper, New York: School of Public Health, Columbia University, January 1992
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Keyword(s): Abortion; Adolescent Fertility; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Deviance; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pre/post Natal Health Care; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Religion; Self-Esteem; Sexual Activity; Substance Use; Teenagers

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Bibliography Citation
Mensch, Barbara S. and Denise B. Kandel. "Drug Use as a Risk Factor for Premarital Teen Pregnancy and Abortion in a National Sample of Young White Women." Working Paper, New York: School of Public Health, Columbia University, January 1992.
11. Mensch, Barbara S.
Kandel, Denise B.
Drug Use as a Risk Factor for Premarital Teen Pregnancy and Abortion in a National Sample of Young White Women
Demography 29,3 (August 1992): 409-429.
Also: http://www.springerlink.com/content/2166r53270u1987u/
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Abortion; Adolescent Fertility; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Contraception; Deviance; Drug Use; Event History; Pre-natal Care/Exposure; Pre/post Natal Behavior; Pre/post Natal Health Care; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Religion; Self-Esteem; Sexual Activity; Substance Use; Teenagers

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

The relationship between adolescent drug use and premarital teen pregnancy and abortion as a pregnancy outcome among sexually active women is investigated in a sample of white women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Event history analysis is used to explore whether prior drug use has a unique effect on premarital teen pregnancy. with controls for personality, lifestyle, and biological factors. Logistic regression is used to estimate whether drug use affects the decision to terminate a premarital teen pregnancy. The results show that the risk of premarital teen pregnancy is nearly four times as high for those who have used illicit drugs other than marijuana as for those with no history of any prior substance involvement. Furthermore, illicit drug use increases the likelihood of an abortion by a factor of 5. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Bibliography Citation
Mensch, Barbara S. and Denise B. Kandel. "Drug Use as a Risk Factor for Premarital Teen Pregnancy and Abortion in a National Sample of Young White Women." Demography 29,3 (August 1992): 409-429.
12. Mensch, Barbara S.
Kandel, Denise B.
Underreporting of Substance Use in a National Longitudinal Youth Cohort: Individual and Interviewer Effects
Public Opinion Quarterly 52,1 (Spring 1988): 100-124.
Also: http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/content/52/1/100.abstract
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Keyword(s): Data Quality/Consistency; Drug Use; Longitudinal Surveys; Self-Reporting; Substance Use; Underreporting

The quality of drug data in the 1984 wave of the NLSY is explored. Comparisons with other national surveys indicate that underreporting of use of illicit drugs other than marijuana appears to have taken place, and that light users of these drugs are under-represented among the self-acknowledged users. Comparison with marijuana use reported four years earlier indicates that experimental marijuana users are much less likely than extensive users to acknowledge involvement. Even after controlling for frequency of use, underreporting is more common among terminal high school dropouts and minorities. Not only individual characteristics but field conditions also contribute to underreporting. Familiarity with the interviewer, as measured by number of prior interviewing contacts, depresses drug use reporting. The authors speculate that interviewer familiarity increases salience of normative standards and that participants respond not only in terms of their past familiarity but also their subjective expectations regarding the probability of a future encounter with the interviewer.
Bibliography Citation
Mensch, Barbara S. and Denise B. Kandel. "Underreporting of Substance Use in a National Longitudinal Youth Cohort: Individual and Interviewer Effects." Public Opinion Quarterly 52,1 (Spring 1988): 100-124.
13. Mensch, Barbara S.
Rosenbaum, Emily
Kandel, Denise B.
Drug Use as a Risk Factor for Premarital Pregnancy in a National Sample of Young Women
Presented: Toronto, Canada, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1990
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Population Association of America
Keyword(s): Abortion; Adolescent Fertility; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Contraception; Deviance; Drug Use; Hispanics; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes; Racial Differences; Religion; Self-Esteem; Self-Reporting; Sexual Activity; Teenagers

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This study explores the relationship between adolescent drug use and premarital teen pregnancy with data from the 1979-1985 waves of the NLSY. Event history analysis is used to specify the effect of prior drug use on premarital teen pregnancy with controls for seemingly shared personality, lifestyle, and biological factors. Among white young women illicit drug use is the second most important predictor. The risk of premarital teen pregnancy is nearly four times higher for those who have used illicit drugs other than marijuana compared to those with no history of any prior substance involvement. Illicit drug use has no effect on premarital pregnancy for blacks and Hispanics. Alternative explanations may account for the ethnic differences. One possibility is that premarital pregnancy is more normative for nonwhites and therefore less likely to be determined by prior deviant activities. Another possibility is that greater unreliability of self-reports by blacks and Hispanics may alter the observed effects.
Bibliography Citation
Mensch, Barbara S., Emily Rosenbaum and Denise B. Kandel. "Drug Use as a Risk Factor for Premarital Pregnancy in a National Sample of Young Women." Presented: Toronto, Canada, Population Association of America Meetings, May 1990.
14. Rosenbaum, Emily
Kandel, Denise B.
Early Onset of Adolescent Sexual Behavior and Drug Involvement
Journal of Marriage and Family 52,3 (August 1990): 783-798.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/352942
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: National Council on Family Relations
Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Alcohol Use; Behavior; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Deviance; Drug Use; Gender Differences; Racial Differences; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior; Sexual Experiences/Virginity

This paper investigated the relationship between drug use and sexual activity prior to age sixteen using data from two youngest birth cohorts (N=2,711) from the NLSY. When other important risk factors were controlled, reported prior use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drugs greatly increased the risk of early sexual activity for adolescent males and females. [ERIC EJ419734]
Bibliography Citation
Rosenbaum, Emily and Denise B. Kandel. "Early Onset of Adolescent Sexual Behavior and Drug Involvement." Journal of Marriage and Family 52,3 (August 1990): 783-798.