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Author: Hopcroft, Rosemary L.
Resulting in 2 citations.
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Hopcroft, Rosemary L. |
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Sex Differences in the Relationship between Status and Number of Offspring in the Contemporary U.S. Evolution and Human Behavior 36,2 (March 2015): 146-151. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513814001330 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Children; Cognitive Ability; Educational Attainment; Gender Differences; Income; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Sociobiology predicts that among social species individual social status will be positively correlated with reproductive success, yet in modern societies the opposite appears to be true. However, in the last five to ten years, a sex difference in the association between some measures of personal status on number of children has been documented in many countries, such that status is positively associated with number of children for men only. Much of this research utilizes European data and there has been little use of data from the U.S. In this paper, analysis of U.S. data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth shows that personal income is positively associated with number of offspring for men, and this is true for men at all levels of education. This is mostly because of increased childlessness among low income men. For women, personal income is negatively associated with number of offspring, and this is true for women at all levels of education. Other measures of status (intelligence and education) are negatively associated with number of offspring for men and women, although the negative association is less for men. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hopcroft, Rosemary L. "Sex Differences in the Relationship between Status and Number of Offspring in the Contemporary U.S." Evolution and Human Behavior 36,2 (March 2015): 146-151.
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Hopcroft, Rosemary L. Martin, David O. |
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The Primary Parental Investment in Children in the Contemporary USA is Education Human Nature 25,2 (June 2014): 235-250. Also: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12110-014-9197-0 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Springer Keyword(s): Children; Education; Educational Attainment; Gender Differences; General Social Survey (GSS); Parental Investments; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper tests the Trivers-Willard hypothesis that high-status individuals will invest more in sons and low-status individuals will invest more in daughters using data from the 2000 to 2010 General Social Survey and the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We argue that the primary investment U.S. parents make in their children is in their children’s education, and this investment is facilitated by a diverse market of educational choices at every educational level. We examine two measures of this investment: children’s years of education and the highest degree attained. Results show that sons of high-status fathers receive more years of education and higher degrees than daughters, whereas daughters of low-status fathers receive more years of education and higher degrees than sons. Further analyses of possible mechanisms for these findings yield null results. We also find that males are more likely to have high-status fathers than females. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hopcroft, Rosemary L. and David O. Martin. "The Primary Parental Investment in Children in the Contemporary USA is Education." Human Nature 25,2 (June 2014): 235-250.
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