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Author: Hartmann, Peter
Resulting in 4 citations.
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Hartmann, Peter |
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Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns: A Look at Age Differentiation Journal of Individual Differences 27,4 (2006): 199-207. Also: http://www.psycontent.com/content/h7t313v56034/?p=d21e5ecd70e3424382b24ce1cf361c51&pi=12 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Keyword(s): Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Children; Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI); g Factor; I.Q.; Test Scores/Test theory/IRT Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns (SLODR) with regard to age was tested in two different databases from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The first database consisted of 6,980 boys and girls aged 12-16 from the 1997 cohort (NLSY 1997). The subjects were tested with a computer-administered adaptive format (CAT) of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) consisting of 12 subtests. The second database consisted of 11,448 male and female subjects aged 15-24 from the 1979 cohort (NLSY 1979). These subjects were tested with the older 10-subtest version of the ASVAB. The hypothesis was tested by dividing the sample into Young and Old age groups while keeping IQ fairly constant by a method similar to the one developed and employed by Deary et al. (1996). The different age groups were subsequently factor-analyzed separately. The eigenvalue of the first principal component (PC1) and the first principal axis factor (PAF1), and the average intercorrelation of the subtests were used as estimates of the g saturation and compared across groups. There were no significant differences in the g saturation across age groups for any of the two samples, thereby pointing to no support for this aspect of Spearman's "Law of Diminishing Returns." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Bibliography Citation
Hartmann, Peter. "Spearman's Law of Diminishing Returns: A Look at Age Differentiation." Journal of Individual Differences 27,4 (2006): 199-207.
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Hartmann, Peter Kruuse, Nanna Hye Sun Nyborg, Helmuth |
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Testing the Cross-Racial Generality of Spearman's Hypothesis in Two Samples Intelligence 35,1 (January-February 2007): 47-57. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289606000481 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Birth Outcomes; g Factor; Hispanics; Intelligence; Racial Differences Spearman's hypothesis states that racial differences in IQ between Blacks (B) and Whites (W) are due primarily to differences in the "g" factor. This hypothesis is often confirmed, but it is less certain whether it generalizes to other races. We therefore tested its cross-racial generality by comparing American subjects of European descent (W) to American Hispanics (H) in two different databases. The first [Centers for Disease Control (1988). Health status of Vietnam veterans. "Journal of the American Medical Association" 259, 2701-2719; Centers for Disease Control (1989). "Health status of Vietnam veterans: Vol IV. Psychological and neuropsychological evaluation." Atlanta, Georgia: Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control] contains 4462 middle-aged Armed Services Veterans males, and the second database (NLSY1979) holds 11,625 young male and female adults. Both samples are fairly representative of the general American population. Race differences in general intelligence "g" were calculated and vectors of test scores were correlated with the vectors of the tests' "g" loadings, following Jensen [Jensen, A. R. (1998). "The "g" factor." Westport, CT: Praeger]. W scored about 0.8 S.D. above H. The racial difference on the tests correlated significantly with the "g"-loadings of the tests in the VES database, but less so in the NLSY database. We therefore conclude that the present study supports, but does not unequivocally verify, the cross-racial generality of the Spearman's hypothesis. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hartmann, Peter, Nanna Hye Sun Kruuse and Helmuth Nyborg. "Testing the Cross-Racial Generality of Spearman's Hypothesis in Two Samples ." Intelligence 35,1 (January-February 2007): 47-57.
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Hartmann, Peter Reuter, Martin |
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Spearman's "Law of Diminishing Returns" Tested with Two Methods Intelligence 34,1 (January-February 2006): 47-62. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289605000632 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Children; Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI); g Factor; Test Scores/Test theory/IRT Spearman's "Law of Diminishing Returns" with regard to ability is tested in a dataset from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth. The dataset consisted of a sample of 6980 children aged 12–16 from the 1997 cohort. The subjects were tested with a computer administrated adaptive format of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery consisting of 12 subtests Spearman's "Law of Diminishing Returns" was tested by two methods both dividing the sample into Low/High ability based either on the total score on the test or on the score one of the 12 subtests. Subsequently the ability groups were factor analysed separately. The eigenvalue of the first principal component and the first principal axis factor, and the average inter-correlation of the subtests were used as estimates of the g saturation and compared across groups. The study could not confirm Spearman's "Law of Diminishing Returns" for any of the methods applied and did not find any relevant differences across methods applied. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hartmann, Peter and Martin Reuter. "Spearman's "Law of Diminishing Returns" Tested with Two Methods." Intelligence 34,1 (January-February 2006): 47-62.
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Hartmann, Peter Reuter, Martin Nyborg, Helmuth |
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The Relationship Between Date of Birth and Individual Differences in Personality and General Intelligence: A Large-scale Study Personality and Individual Differences 40,7 (May 2006): 1349-1362. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886905004046 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Birth Outcomes; g Factor; Intelligence; Seasonality We investigated the relationship between date of birth and individual differences in personality and intelligence in two large samples. The first sample consisted of 4000+ middle-aged male subjects from the Vietnam Experience Study; personality was measured by the MMPI items converted to EPQ (scales) and a large battery of cognitive tests were factored to derive general intelligence, g. The second sample consisted of 11,000+ young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth from 1979. g was extracted from the ten subtests of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery. In no cases did date of birth relate to individual differences in personality or general intelligence. A further goal was to test Eysenck's notion of possible relationships between date of birth and the popular Sun Signs in astrology. No support could be found for such associations. We conclude that the present large-scale study provides no evidence for the existence of relevant relationships between date of birth and individual differences in personality and general intelligence. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hartmann, Peter, Martin Reuter and Helmuth Nyborg. "The Relationship Between Date of Birth and Individual Differences in Personality and General Intelligence: A Large-scale Study." Personality and Individual Differences 40,7 (May 2006): 1349-1362.
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