Search Results

Author: Greenstein, Theodore N.
Resulting in 11 citations.
1. Davis, Shannon N.
Greenstein, Theodore N.
Interactive Effects of Gender Ideology and Age at First Marriage on Women's Marital Disruption
Journal of Family Issues 25,5 (July 2004): 658-683.
Also: http://jfi.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/25/5/658
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Age at First Marriage; Attitudes; Divorce; Gender; Marital Disruption; Marriage; Sex Roles; Women's Roles

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

A sample of ever-married women from the NLSY79 is analyzed to examine the effects of age at first marriage and gender ideology on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption. The authors hypothesize that age at first marriage will have no effect on the likelihood of experiencing marital disruption for non-traditional women, but that there will be a strong negative effect for traditional women. The authors use the log-rate model for piecewise-constant rates to estimate the log odds of respondents' hazard for experiencing a marital disruption separately for each of the three gender ideology groups. Findings suggest that age at first marriage affects women's likelihood of marital disruption contingent upon gender ideology. It is suggested that gender ideology is a lens through which women view the world and make decisions and that within each ideology category the factors that affect likelihood of divorce may differ as a result.
Bibliography Citation
Davis, Shannon N. and Theodore N. Greenstein. "Interactive Effects of Gender Ideology and Age at First Marriage on Women's Marital Disruption." Journal of Family Issues 25,5 (July 2004): 658-683.
2. Greenstein, Theodore N.
Are the "Most Advantaged" Children Truly Disadvantaged By Early Maternal Employment? Effects on Child Cognitive Outcomes
Journal of Family Issues 16,2 (March 1995): 149-169.
Also: http://jfi.sagepub.com/content/16/2/149.abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Children, Preschool; Children, School-Age; Cognitive Development; Household Income; Income; Maternal Employment; Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Examined the effects of early maternal employment on the cognitive ability of 2,040 4-6 year old children drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Some scholars have hypothesized that it is the most advantaged of society's children who are negatively affected by early maternal employment. If this is true, advantages such as high levels of cognitive stimulation in the home or household income should not affect cognitive ability as strongly for children of mothers who were employed during early childhood as they do for children whose mothers were not employed. Of 24 possible interaction effects that would confirm this hypothesis, only 1 is significant and not completely consistent with the hypothesis. In terms of effects on cognitive outcomes, the most advantaged children are not disproportionately disadvantaged by early maternal employment. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1995 American Psychological Association, all rights reserved)
Bibliography Citation
Greenstein, Theodore N. "Are the "Most Advantaged" Children Truly Disadvantaged By Early Maternal Employment? Effects on Child Cognitive Outcomes." Journal of Family Issues 16,2 (March 1995): 149-169.
3. Greenstein, Theodore N.
Causal Structure of Children's Cognitive Outcomes: Effects of Family Economic Well-Being and Family Structure
Presented: Chicago, IL, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1999
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Children; Children, Home Environment; Cognitive Ability; Family Structure; Fathers, Presence; Marital Status; Maternal Employment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

To study the effects of family structure & economic circumstances on child cognitive ability, the 1986-1994 Child Supplements to the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were used to make 4 synthetic cohorts of children ages 5-12. Using these data, a structural equation model of the process through which family structure & economic circumstances affect child cognitive ability was tested. Results indicate that (1) the effects of family income on cognitive ability are indirect & mediated by quality of the child's home environment; (2) while family structure variables, e.g., mother's marital status & presence of the child's father in the household, have modest effects on cognitive ability, their effects are transmitted primarily through quality of the home environment; & (3) maternal employment has little effect on child cognitive ability.
Bibliography Citation
Greenstein, Theodore N. "Causal Structure of Children's Cognitive Outcomes: Effects of Family Economic Well-Being and Family Structure." Presented: Chicago, IL, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 1999.
4. Greenstein, Theodore N.
Gender Ideology, Marital Disruption, and the Employment of Married Women
Journal of Marriage and Family 57,1 (February 1995): 31-42.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/353814
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: National Council on Family Relations
Keyword(s): Employment, Part-Time; Household Income; Household Models; Household Structure; Marital Disruption; Marital Stability; Sex Roles; Sexual Division of Labor; Wage Rates; Wages, Women; Women's Roles

The present research studies the process through which gender ideology moderates the effects of wives' employment on marital stability. A mode, proposed here suggests that gender ideology functions as a lens through which inequalities in the division of household labor are viewed. Nontraditional women are hypothesized to view these inequalities as unjust because they view marriage as an egalitarian partnership, while traditional women do not perceive these inequalities as inherently unfair. Marital stability is presumed to be linked to perceptions of the fairness of the marital relationship. The model is confirmed by results from piecewise-constant exponential models of marital disruption for the 3,284 women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth who experienced a first marriage between 1979 and 1990. Number of hours of paid employment per week is negatively related to marital stability for women holding nontraditional gender ideologies, but not for women with traditional views.
Bibliography Citation
Greenstein, Theodore N. "Gender Ideology, Marital Disruption, and the Employment of Married Women." Journal of Marriage and Family 57,1 (February 1995): 31-42.
5. Greenstein, Theodore N.
Human Capital, Marital and Birth Timing, and the Postnatal Labor Force Participation of Married Women
Journal of Family Issues 10,3 (September 1989): 359-382.
Also: http://jfi.sagepub.com/content/10/3/359.abstract
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Birth Rate; Educational Attainment; First Birth; Human Capital Theory; Labor Force Participation; Marriage; Racial Differences; Wives, Income; Women; Work Experience; Work Reentry

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

An examination of how human capital factors (education, income, and prebirth labor force experience) and marriage and birth timing factors (marriage rates, childbirth rates, intervals between marriage and childbirth) affect female labor force participation and labor force reentry after childbirth, based on a review of the literature and data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Labor Market Experience of Young Women, conducted by the US Bureau of the Census between 1968 and 1985 (N = 736 married women). Survival and three proportional hazards analyses show that prebirth work experience, prestigious occupation, being black, early age at marriage, early age at first birth, favorable attitudes toward working wives, high educational levels, high wife's income, and husband's low income, all contributed to early reentry to the paid labor force. Human capital factors had more effect on reentry than timing factors: high levels on human capital factors meant a much quicker return to the work force after the first birth, even if offset by marriage and birth timing factors that tend to delay reentry (eg, late marriage, late birth, and long interval between marriage and birth). Policy implications of these results are discussed. 2 Tables, 35 References. (Copyright 1990, Sociological Abstracts, Inc., all rights reserved.)
Bibliography Citation
Greenstein, Theodore N. "Human Capital, Marital and Birth Timing, and the Postnatal Labor Force Participation of Married Women." Journal of Family Issues 10,3 (September 1989): 359-382.
6. Greenstein, Theodore N.
Marital Disruption and the Employment of Married Women
Journal of Marriage and Family 52,3 (August 1990): 657-676.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/352932
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: National Council on Family Relations
Keyword(s): Earnings, Wives; Employment; Income; Marital Disruption; Wives; Wives, Income; Wives, Work; Work Experience

This paper examines the widely-held belief that the recent increase in women's labor force participation is responsible for the increase in marital disruption. Using data from the NLS of Young Women on a sample of women whose first marriage took place after 1968 and who had not been widowed before 1983, the author found that the rate and timing of marital disruption was negatively related to wife's income and positively related to the number of hours worked and to the amount of premarital work experience. Implications of these findings for current and future marriage cohorts are discussed.
Bibliography Citation
Greenstein, Theodore N. "Marital Disruption and the Employment of Married Women." Journal of Marriage and Family 52,3 (August 1990): 657-676.
7. Greenstein, Theodore N.
Maternal Employment and Child Behavior Problems: A Household Economics Analysis
Working Paper, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, March 1992
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina University
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Child Care; Education; Fathers, Absence; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Income; Maternal Employment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This research employs the household economics approach to study the effects of maternal employment and alternates of child care during infancy on the social behavior of a national sample of children ages four and five years. Mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey's Youth Cohort were asked to rate their child's social behavior using items the Behavioral Problems Index. Four major hypotheses derived from the household economics approach were tested: (1 that household income will interact with indicators of maternal employment in producing effects on child behavioral outcomes; (2) that there is an interaction between household income and use of alternate child care such that children in alternate care from high-income households will tend to have more behavioral problems than children from low-in households; (3) that emotional support level will interact with indicators of maternal employment during infancy; (4) that level of emotional support will interact with type of child care used during infancy. The results of the support the first three hypotheses. Overall, the data do not support the contention that maternal employment or alternate care during infancy--by themselves or in conjunction with characteristics of the home environment such a household income and emotional support--have long-term negative effects on the behavior of young children.
Bibliography Citation
Greenstein, Theodore N. "Maternal Employment and Child Behavior Problems: A Household Economics Analysis." Working Paper, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, March 1992.
8. Greenstein, Theodore N.
Maternal Employment and Child Behavioral Outcomes - A Household Economics Analysis
Journal of Family Issues 14,3 (September 1993): 323-354.
Also: http://jfi.sagepub.com/content/14/3/323.abstract
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: Sage Publications
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Birthweight; Child Care; Education; Family Income; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Maternal Employment; Well-Being

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

This research employs the household economics approach to study the effects of maternal employment and substitute child care on the social behavior of a national sample of 4- and 5-year-old children. Mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey's youth cohort were asked to rate their child's social behavior using items from the Behavioral Problems Index. The household economics approach predicts that behavioral outcomes for children of employed mothers will differ from those of children whose mothers were not employed to the extent that the substitution of market goods and services for nonmarket goods and services is imperfect. The study tests three hypotheses analyzing the interactions of family income and emotional support level with indicators of maternal employment and use of substitute child care. In general, the findings do not support the contention that maternal employment is associated with negative behavioral outcomes for young children. The findings of this and related studies suggest redirecting the research agenda on maternal employment and families to include analyses of the beneficial aspects of maternal employment for child well-being and to develop policies designed to promote the well-being of children with employed parents.
Bibliography Citation
Greenstein, Theodore N. "Maternal Employment and Child Behavioral Outcomes - A Household Economics Analysis." Journal of Family Issues 14,3 (September 1993): 323-354.
9. Greenstein, Theodore N.
Maternal Employment and Children's Cognitive Outcomes: A Latent Trajectory Model
Presented: Anaheim, CA, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 2001
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Maternal Employment

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

To study the effects of family structure and economic circumstances on child cognitive ability, the 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992, and 1994 Child Supplements to the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were used to create synthetic cohorts of children ages 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, and 11-12 years. Using these data, a multivariate latent trajectory model of the process through which maternal employment affects child cognitive ability was created and tested. Results suggest that maternal hours of employment have positive effects on child cognitive development: the intercept of the work hours trajectory has positive and statistically-significant effects on both the intercept and the slope of the cognitive ability trajectory, implying that maternal employment during the first years of schooling has positive effects on child cognitive ability, and that continued maternal employment has no effect on the trajectory of child cognitive ability.
Bibliography Citation
Greenstein, Theodore N. "Maternal Employment and Children's Cognitive Outcomes: A Latent Trajectory Model." Presented: Anaheim, CA, American Sociological Association Annual Meetings, August 2001.
10. Greenstein, Theodore N.
Social-Psychological Factors in Perinatal Labor-Force Participation
Journal of Marriage and Family 48,3 (August 1986): 565-571.
Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/352042
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: National Council on Family Relations
Keyword(s): Age at First Marriage; Attitudes; First Birth; Labor Force Participation; Marital Status; Marriage; Work Reentry

Using data from the NLS of Young Women, this study analyzes eight years of panel data from 895 white married women, with husband present, who had a first birth prior to the 1978 interview. The purpose of this research was to investigate social-psychological factors that may affect exit from the labor force prior to the birth event and reentry following the birth event. Covariance analyses suggest: (1) that there is a large and statistically significant effect of attitude toward married women in the work force on labor-force participation throughout the perinatal period (women with more favorable attitudes were more likely to be in the labor force); and (2) that the effect of attitude toward married women in the work force on perinatal labor-force participation is stronger than that of proximity to the birth event, age, age at first marriage, husband's income, or education.
Bibliography Citation
Greenstein, Theodore N. "Social-Psychological Factors in Perinatal Labor-Force Participation." Journal of Marriage and Family 48,3 (August 1986): 565-571.
11. Greenstein, Theodore N.
Clayton, Karen J.
Labor Force Participation of Young Married Women
Sine Loco, SL, American Sociological Association, 1987
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: American Sociological Association
Keyword(s): Labor Force Participation; Marital Status; Women

Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher.

Using panel data from the NLS of Young Women, the labor force participation of 1,747 white married females is examined from the time of first marriage until the birth of first child. Multiple regression analyses indicate that the factors having significant effects on labor force participation during this period (in order of magnitude of effects) are: husband's attitudes toward wife's labor force participation, wife's most recent income, wife's education, wife's age, premarital labor force experience, husband's current income, and wife's mother's work experience. Implications and suggestions for further research are discussed. [Sociological Abstracts, Inc.]
Bibliography Citation
Greenstein, Theodore N. and Karen J. Clayton. "Labor Force Participation of Young Married Women." Sine Loco, SL, American Sociological Association, 1987.