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Author: Brauer, Jonathan R.

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1.	Brauer, Jonathan R.
1.	Autonomy-supportive Parenting and Adolescent Delinquency Ph.D., Department of Sociology, North Carolina State University, 2011 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses (PQDT) Keyword(s): Child Self-Administered Supplement (CSAS); Crime; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Parent Supervision/Monitoring; Parent-Child Interaction; Parenting Skills/Styles; Pearlin Mastery Scale; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Risk-Taking Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Criminologists frequently identify parenting as a significant influence in adolescents' decisions to conform to or deviate from normative expectations. Often, these scholars examine processes by which parental attachment, supervision, and coercion either inhibit or encourage adolescent delinquency. However, despite its prominence in scholarship on child development and its potential applicability to criminological theory, few criminologists have considered the part that autonomy-supportive parenting, or parenting practices that foster an adolescent's capacity for independent decision-making, might play in encouraging or inhibiting delinquent behavior. I propose specific hypotheses linking parental autonomy support to adolescent delinquency through theoretical mechanisms that are well-known to criminologists, including self-control, reactance, and peer processes. Multilevel regressions are then presented that model linkages between adolescents' reported exposure to early autonomy-supportive parenting (at ages 10-12) and their self-reported participation in common delinquency from ages 10 to 17, using data from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (C-NLSY79). Overall, the findings suggest that early autonomy-supportive parenting is related to adolescent delinquency; however, the nature of this relationship depends upon whether the type of autonomy-supportive parenting is behavioral, communicative, or psychological, and depends upon the stage of adolescence examined. Finally I conclude with a brief discussion of implications and limitations of the findings and directions for future research.
	Bibliography Citation Brauer, Jonathan R. Autonomy-supportive Parenting and Adolescent Delinquency. Ph.D., Department of Sociology, North Carolina State University, 2011.

2.	Brauer, Jonathan R.
2.	Cultivating Conformists or Raising Rebels? Connecting Parental Control and Autonomy Support to Adolescent Delinquency Journal of Research on Adolescence 27,2 (June 2017): 452-470. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jora.12283/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. => Wiley Online Keyword(s): Delinquency/Gang Activity; Parent Supervision/Monitoring; Parental Influences; Parenting Skills/Styles; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Self-Control/Self-Regulation This study investigates short-term and long-term associations between parenting in early adolescence and delinquency throughout adolescence using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys. Multilevel longitudinal Poisson regressions show that behavioral control, psychological control, and decision-making autonomy in early adolescence (ages 10-11) are associated with delinquency trajectories throughout adolescence (ages 10-17). Path analyses reveal support for three mediation hypotheses. Parental monitoring (behavioral control) is negatively associated with delinquency in the short term and operates partly through changes in self-control. Parental pressure (psychological control) shows immediate and long-lasting associations with delinquency through changes in self-control and delinquent peer pressures. Decision-making autonomy is negatively associated with delinquency in the long term, yet may exacerbate delinquency in early adolescence by increasing exposure to delinquent peers.
	Bibliography Citation Brauer, Jonathan R. "Cultivating Conformists or Raising Rebels? Connecting Parental Control and Autonomy Support to Adolescent Delinquency." Journal of Research on Adolescence 27,2 (June 2017): 452-470.

3.	Wills, Jeremiah B. Brauer, Jonathan R.
3.	Have Children Adapted to Their Mothers Working, or Was Adaptation Unnecessary? Cohort Effects and the Relationship Between Maternal Employment and Child Well-Being Social Science Research 41,2 (March 2012): 425-443. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X11001736 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Child Care; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Maternal Employment; Part-Time Work; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Drawing on previous theoretical and empirical work, we posit that maternal employment influences on child well-being vary across birth cohorts. We investigate this possibility by analyzing longitudinal data from a sample of children and their mothers drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. We introduce a series of age, cohort, and maternal employment interaction terms into multilevel models predicting child well-being to assess whether any potential short-term or long-term effects of early and current maternal employment vary across birth cohorts. Results indicate that maternal employment largely is inconsequential to child well-being regardless of birth cohort, with a few exceptions. For instance, children born in earlier cohorts may have experienced long-term positive effects of having an employed mother; however, as maternal employment became more commonplace in recent cohorts, these beneficial effects appear to have disappeared. We discuss theoretical and methodological implications of these findings.
	Bibliography Citation Wills, Jeremiah B. and Jonathan R. Brauer. "Have Children Adapted to Their Mothers Working, or Was Adaptation Unnecessary? Cohort Effects and the Relationship Between Maternal Employment and Child Well-Being." Social Science Research 41,2 (March 2012): 425-443.

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