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Author: Bowles, Samuel

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1.	Arrow, Kenneth Bowles, Samuel Durlauf, Steven
1.	Meritocracy and Economic Inequality Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Princeton University Press Keyword(s): Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Educational Returns; Family Background and Culture; Family Studies; I.Q.; Intelligence; Occupational Choice; Racial Studies; Wage Differentials; Wage Rates Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Merit and justice / Amartya Sen -- Equality of opportunity / John E. Roemer -- IQ trends over time: intelligence, race, and meritocracy / James R. Flynn -- Genes, culture, and inequality / Marcus W. Feldman, Sarah P. Otto, and Freddy B. Christiansen -- Schooling, intelligence, and income in America / Orley Ashenfelter and Cecilia Rouse -- Does schooling raise earnings by making people smarter? / Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis -- A reanalysis of The Bell curve: intelligence, family background, and schooling / Sanders Korenman and Christopher Winship -- Occupational status, education, and social mobility in the meritocracy / Robert M. Hauser, ... [et al.] -- Understanding the role of cognitive ability in accounting for the recent rise in the economic return to education / John Cawley, ... [et al.] -- Inequality and race: models and policy / Shelly J. Lundberg and Richrd Startz -- Conceptual problems in the enforcement of anti-discrimination laws / Glenn Loury -- Meritocracy, redistribution, and the size of the pie / Roland B
	Bibliography Citation Arrow, Kenneth, Samuel Bowles and Steven Durlauf. Meritocracy and Economic Inequality. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000..

2.	Bowles, Samuel Gintis, Herbert Osborne Groves, Melissa
2.	Unequal Chances: Family Background and Economic Success New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation and Princeton University Press, 2005 Cohort(s): Older Men, Young Men Publisher: Sage Publications Keyword(s): Data Analysis; Earnings; Fathers and Sons; Human Capital; I.Q.; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility, Economic; Pairs (also see Siblings); Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Contents: Chapter 1: The apple does not fall far from the tree / Greg Duncan ... [et al.] Chapter 2: The apple falls even closer to the tree than we thought : new and revised estimates of the intergenerational inheritance of earnings / Bhashkar Mazunder Chapter 3: The changing effect of family background on the incomes of American adults / David J. Harding ... [et al.] Chapter 4: Influences of nature and nurture on earnings variation : a report on a study of various sibling types in Sweden / Anders Björklund, Markus Jäntti, Gary Solon Chapter 5: Rags, riches, and race : the intergenerational economic mobility of black and white families in the United States / Tom Hertz Chapter 6: Resemblance in personality and attitudes between parents and their children : genetic and environmental contributions / John C. Loehlin Chapter 7: Personality and the intergenerational transmission of economic status / Melissa Osborne Groves Chapter 8: Son preference, marriage, and intergenerational transfer in rural China / Marcus W. Feldman ... [et al.] Chapter 9: Justice, luck, and the family : the intergenerational transmission of economic advantage from a normative perspective / Adam Swift. Chapter 7 … provides a micro data analysis of the role of personality in the intergenerational transmission of earnings. The author uses data on matched father-son pairs from the mature and young male cohorts of the National Longitudinal Surveys. The statistical models link son's and father's permanent income, while also controlling for human capital variables, IQ, and the Rotter score, a commonly used indicator of personality. The results show that a substantial share of the intergenerational transmission of earnings is attributable to the transmission of personality traits: 11 percent of the father-son correlation in earnings is explained by the transmission of personality.
	Bibliography Citation Bowles, Samuel, Herbert Gintis and Melissa Osborne Groves. Unequal Chances: Family Background and Economic Success. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation and Princeton University Press, 2005.

3.	Bowles, Samuel Gintis, Herbert Osborne Groves, Melissa
3.	Unequal Chances: Family Background and Economic Success [Reprint]. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008. Also: http://press.princeton.edu/TOCs/c7838.html Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Princeton University Press Keyword(s): Data Quality/Consistency; Earnings; Fathers and Sons; Human Capital; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Mobility, Economic; Pairs (also see Siblings); Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Table of Contents Introduction by Samuel Bowles, Herbert Gintis, and Melissa Osborne Groves 1 Chapter One: The Apple Does Not Fall Far from the Tree by Greg Duncan, Ariel Kalil, Susan E. Mayer, Robin Tepper, and Monique R. Payne 23 Chapter Two: The Apple Falls Even Closer to the Tree than We Thought: New and Revised Estimates of the Intergenerational Inheritance of Earnings by Bhashkar Mazumder 80 Chapter Three: The Changing Effect of Family Background on the Incomes of American Adults by David J. Harding, Christopher Jencks, Leonard M. Lopoo, and Susan E. Mayer 100 Chapter Four: Influences of Nature and Nurture on Earnings Variation: A Report on a Study of Various Sibling Types in Sweden by Anders Björklund, Markus Jäntti, and Gary Solon 145 Chapter Five: Rags, Riches, and Race: The Intergenerational Economic Mobility of Black and White Families in the United States by Tom Hertz 165 Chapter Six: Resemblance in Personality and Attitudes between Parents and Their Children: Genetic and Environmental Contributions by John C. Loehlin 192 Chapter Seven: Personality and the Intergenerational Transmission of Economic Status by Melissa Osborne Groves 208 Chapter Eight: Son Preference, Marriage, and Intergenerational Transfer in Rural China by Marcus W. Feldman, Shuzhuo Li, Nan Li, Shripad Tuljapurkar, and Xiaoyi Jin 232 Chapter Nine: Justice, Luck, and the Family: The Intergenerational Transmission of Economic Advantage from a Normative Perspective by Adam Swift 256 References 277 Index 297
	Bibliography Citation Bowles, Samuel, Herbert Gintis and Melissa Osborne Groves. Unequal Chances: Family Background and Economic Success. [Reprint]. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008..

4.	Bowles, Samuel Gintis, Herbert Osborne, Melissa Anne
4.	The Determinants of Earnings: A Behavioral Approach Journal of Economic Literature 39,4 (December 2001): 1137-1176. Also: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2698522 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Older Men, Young Women Publisher: American Economic Association Keyword(s): Behavior; Earnings; Human Capital; Skills Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Enhancing individuals' capacity to succeed in the labor market is a major objective of both families and policy makers, one which in recent years has assumed special urgency with respect to those with low earnings. According to the canonical model, earnings are determined by human capital, which consists of capacities to contribute to production, generically called skills. Individuals possess a vector of these capabilities, "c," and sell these on the labor market at hourly prices "p," with hourly earnings "w = pc." But we know surprisingly little about what skills make up the vector of individual capabilities contributing to higher earnings, and as we will see, some common beliefs about the earnings-generation process receive little support from available data. However, recent developments in labor econometrics and the microeconomics of labor markets provide the basis for a reconsideration of the determinants of individual earnings. We here survey what is known about the determinants of individual earnings and, drawing on a number of recent contributions, propose a behavioral model that is capable of addressing the following puzzles in a parsimonious and non-ad hoc manner.
	Bibliography Citation Bowles, Samuel, Herbert Gintis and Melissa Anne Osborne. "The Determinants of Earnings: A Behavioral Approach." Journal of Economic Literature 39,4 (December 2001): 1137-1176.

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