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Source: Journal of Intelligence
Resulting in 2 citations.
1. |
Marks, Gary N. |
Has Cognitive Ability Become More Important for Education and the Labor Market? A Comparison of the Project Talent and 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Cohorts Journal of Intelligence 11,8 (21 August 2023): 169. Also: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/11/8/169 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) Keyword(s): Achievement; Cognitive Ability; Educational Attainment; Educational Outcomes; Grade Point Average (GPA)/Grades; Income; Labor Market Outcomes; Occupational Attainment; Socioeconomic Background; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Modernization and meritocratic theories contend that with modernization, socioeconomic background (SES) becomes less important for educational and socioeconomic attainments, while cognitive ability becomes more important. However, the evidence is mixed. This study investigates if the effects of SES and cognitive ability on educational and labor market outcomes have changed in the US by comparing two longitudinal cohort studies: the 1960 Project Talent and the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. For all outcomes-grades-at-school, educational and occupational attainment, and income-cognitive ability clearly has stronger effects than a composite and broad measure of SES. The effects of cognitive ability for grades-at-school and income are notably stronger in the more recent cohort, whereas its effects on educational and occupational attainment are similar. SES effects, net of ability, for educational and occupational attainment are only moderate and for school grades and income are very small (β < 0.10). However, for each outcome SES effects are stronger in the more recent NLSY79 cohort. This is attributed to ability being a stronger influence on the educational and socioeconomic attainments of NLSY79 parents compared to Project Talent parents. These analyses suggest that in the US, cognitive ability has long been an important, and SES a much weaker, influence on educational and subsequent socioeconomic outcomes. |
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Bibliography Citation
Marks, Gary N. "Has Cognitive Ability Become More Important for Education and the Labor Market? A Comparison of the Project Talent and 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Cohorts." Journal of Intelligence 11,8 (21 August 2023): 169.
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2. |
Wanstrom, Linda O'Keefe, Patrick Clouston, Sean A. P. Mann, Frank D. Muniz-Terrera, Graciela Voll, Stacey Zhang, Yun Hofer, Scott M. Rodgers, Joseph Lee |
It Runs in the Family: Testing for Longitudinal Family Flynn Effects Journal of Intelligence 11,3 (March 2023): 50. Also: https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence11030050 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Flynn Effect; Modeling, Growth Curve/Latent Trajectory Analysis; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The Flynn effect refers to increases over time in measured (particularly fluid) intelligence of approximately 3 IQ points per decade. We define the Flynn effect at the family level, using longitudinal data and two new family-level cohort definitions. Multilevel growth curve analyses of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data showed that children in families with later-born mothers had higher average PIAT math scores, and lower average reading comprehension scores and growth, in young and middle childhood. Children in families where the first child was born later had higher average PIAT math, reading recognition, and reading comprehension scores, as well as larger developmental growth. The latter family-level Flynn effects were of higher magnitudes than the usual individual-level Flynn effect found in previous studies. Our results, showing family level-intercept and slope Flynn effects for both maternal birthyear and first child birthyear, have implications for research aiming to explain the Flynn effect. |
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Bibliography Citation
Wanstrom, Linda, Patrick O'Keefe, Sean A. P. Clouston, Frank D. Mann, Graciela Muniz-Terrera, Stacey Voll, Yun Zhang, Scott M. Hofer and Joseph Lee Rodgers. "It Runs in the Family: Testing for Longitudinal Family Flynn Effects." Journal of Intelligence 11,3 (March 2023): 50.
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