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Title: The Nature of the Youth Unemployment Problem: A Review Paper
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Lerman, Robert I. |
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The Nature of the Youth Unemployment Problem: A Review Paper Technical Analysis Paper No 69. Washington, DC: US Department of Labor, 1980. Also: http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED201826&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED201826 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: U.S. Department of Labor Keyword(s): Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Educational Attainment; Employment, In-School; Family Influences; Job Turnover; Military Enlistment; Racial Differences; Seasonality; Socioeconomic Status (SES); Transition Rates, Activity to Work; Work Experience This paper provides an overview of the nature and severity of youth unemployment utilizing data from both the NLS and CPS. The author investigates youth unemployment from the classical position that there are two types of reasons for the large difference between youth unemployment and adult unemployment--first, that youths are less desirable to potential employers than older, more experienced and perhaps better-trained adults; and second, that youth unemployment is natural and inevitable due to the high turnover, seasonality and school-to-work transition inherent to teen-age labor force participation. It is found, however, that the seasonal pattern of youth labor force entry has no effect upon the unemployment rate, and that the high turnover rate of youth accounts for only 30 percent of the youth/adult differential. Family status differences, such as leaving school and becoming financially independent, can account for up to 75 percent of the employment/population ratio of white youths. Limited work experience and education also are found to affect the level of youth employment. Although it is concluded that, ceteris paribus, a black youth has ten points lower employment possibilities than a white youth, many of the large racial differences in employment status seem to be somehow related to Armed Forces enrollment patterns--apparently more blacks than whites enter the military, for whatever reasons. For males, the racial differential in crime rates and arrest records is also a potential factor, as employers still use this data in hiring decisions, even though the practice is illegal. For females, family status differences appear to account for half the racial differences in employment status. Finally, for both sexes and races, although more pronounced for blacks, the difference in family economic status is also a major determinate of unemployment. |
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Bibliography Citation
Lerman, Robert I. The Nature of the Youth Unemployment Problem: A Review Paper. Technical Analysis Paper No 69. Washington, DC: US Department of Labor, 1980.. |