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Source: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society)

Resulting in 6 citations.

1.	Chung, Hwan Anthony, James C. Schafer, Joseph L.
1.	Latent Class Profile Analysis: An Application to Stage Sequential Processes in Early Onset Drinking Behaviours Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 174,3 (July 2011): 689–712. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2010.00674.x/full Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Alcohol Use Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Summary: In longitudinal research on early onset drinkers, much attention has been paid to the identification of subgroups of individuals who follow similar sequential patterns of drinking behaviours. However, research on the sequential development of drinking behaviour can be challenging in part because it may not be possible to observe the particular drinking behaviour stage at a given point in time directly. To address this difficulty, we can use a latent class analysis, which provides a set of principles for the systematic identification of homogeneous subgroups of individuals. In this work, we apply a latent class analysis in an investigation of stage sequential patterns of drinking behaviours among early onset drinkers, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. A latent class analysis approach is used to sort different patterns of drinking behaviours into a small number of classes at each measurement occasion; and the class sequencing of early onset drinkers over the entire set of time points is evaluated to identify two or more homogeneous early onset drinkers who exhibit a similar sequence of class memberships over time. This approach uncovers four common drinking behaviours in early onset drinkers over three measurements from early to late adolescence. The sequences of drinking behaviours can be grouped into three sequential patterns representing the most probable progression of early onset drinking behaviours.
	Bibliography Citation Chung, Hwan, James C. Anthony and Joseph L. Schafer. "Latent Class Profile Analysis: An Application to Stage Sequential Processes in Early Onset Drinking Behaviours." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 174,3 (July 2011): 689–712. A.

2.	Contoyannis, Paul Li, Jinhu
2.	The Dynamics of Adolescent Depression: An Instrumental Variable Quantile Regression with Fixed Effects Approach Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 180,3 (June 2017): 907-922. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rssa.12225/full Cohort(s): NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): CESD (Depression Scale); Depression (see also CESD); Family Influences; Modeling, Instrumental Variables; Socioeconomic Background; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The paper employs a recently developed instrumental variable approach for the estimation of dynamic quantile regression models with fixed effects to model the dynamics of health outcomes. Our proposed estimator not only allows us to control for individual-specific heterogeneity via fixed effects in the dynamic quantile regression framework but may also reduce the bias that exists in conventional fixed effects estimation of dynamic quantile regression models with small numbers of time periods. Using data on the children of the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort, we examine the extent of true state dependence in youth depression conditional on unobserved individual heterogeneity and family socio-economic status. Our results suggest that true state dependence in youth depression among the survey respondents is very low and the observed positive association between previous and current depression is mainly due to time invariant unobserved individual heterogeneity.
	Bibliography Citation Contoyannis, Paul and Jinhu Li. "The Dynamics of Adolescent Depression: An Instrumental Variable Quantile Regression with Fixed Effects Approach." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 180,3 (June 2017): 907-922.

3.	Ghilagaber, Gebrenegus Wänström, Linda
3.	Adjusting for Selection Bias in Assessing the Relationship between Sibship Size and Cognitive Performance Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 178,4 (October 2015): 925-944. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rssa.12098/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Age at First Birth; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Cognitive Development; Family Size; Modeling, Multilevel; Mothers, Education; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Sample Selection; Selectivity Bias/Selection Bias; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Consistent negative correlations between sibship size and cognitive performance (as measured by intelligence quotient and other mental aptitude tests) have been observed in past empirical studies. However, parental decisions on family size may correlate with variables affecting child cognitive performance. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how selection bias in studies of sibship size effects can be adjusted for. We extend existing knowledge in two aspects: as factors affecting decisions to increase family size may vary across the number and composition of current family size, we propose a sequential probit model (as opposed to binary or ordered models) for the propensity to increase family size; to disentangle selection and causality we propose multilevel multiprocess modelling where a continuous model for performance is estimated jointly with a sequential probit model for family size decisions. This allows us to estimate and adjust for the correlation between unmeasured heterogeneity affecting both family size decisions and child cognitive performance. The issues are illustrated through analyses of scores on Peabody individual achievement tests among children of the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. We find substantial between-family heterogeneity in the propensity to increase family size. Ignoring such selection led to overestimation of the negative effects of sibship size on cognitive performance for families with 1-3 children, when known sources of selection were accounted for. However, the multiprocess modelling proposed could efficiently identify and control for such bias due to adverse selection.
	Bibliography Citation Ghilagaber, Gebrenegus and Linda Wänström. "Adjusting for Selection Bias in Assessing the Relationship between Sibship Size and Cognitive Performance." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 178,4 (October 2015): 925-944.

4.	Johnston, David W. Nicholls, Michael Shah, Manisha Shields, Michael A.
4.	Handedness, Health and Cognitive Development: Evidence from Children in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 176,4 (October 2013): 841-860. Also:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01074.x/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Accidents; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Child Health; Cognitive Development; Digit Span (also see Memory for Digit Span - WISC); Handedness; Injuries; Modeling, Random Effects; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Using data from the child supplement of the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, and fitting three-level random-effects models of child health and cognitive development, we test whether left-handed children have different outcomes from those of their right-handed counterparts. The health measures cover both physical health and mental health, and the cognitive development test scores span vocabulary, mathematics, reading and comprehension. Overall we find little evidence to suggest that left-handed children have a significantly higher probability of experiencing injury, illness or behavioural problems. In contrast, we find that left-handed children have significantly lower cognitive development test scores than right-handed children for all areas of development with the exception of reading. Moreover, we find no strong evidence that the left-handedness effect differs by gender or age.
	Bibliography Citation Johnston, David W., Michael Nicholls, Manisha Shah and Michael A. Shields. "Handedness, Health and Cognitive Development: Evidence from Children in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 176,4 (October 2013): 841-860. Also:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01074.x/abstract.

5.	Lee, Myoung-Jae Huang, Fali
5.	Finding Dynamic Treatment Effects under Anticipation: The Effects of Spanking on Behaviour Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 175,2 (April 2012): 535-567. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2011.01001.x/abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Children, Behavioral Development; Discipline; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Modeling; Punishment, Corporal Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The dynamic treatment effect literature considers multiple treatments administered over time, with some treatments affected by interim outcomes. But the literature overlooks the possibility of individuals acting in anticipation of future treatments. This lack of anticipation aspect may not matter in the drug–response relationships which motivated the literature. But human beings (or animals with some intelligence) do not just respond to current and past treatments, but also ‘reflect and anticipate’ future treatments. For example, a punishment or reward is likely to prompt forward looking. Even if no personal punishment or reward is involved, people may take action in anticipation of a future government policy, which would be an important concern for policy makers. The paper explores how to find dynamic treatment effects allowing for forward looking or anticipation by extending available dynamic treatment effect approaches in the literature. Then the methods proposed are applied to the effects of spanking on a child's bad behaviour where a child may act better in anticipation of future spanking, which is analogous to the relationship between punishment and crime.
	Bibliography Citation Lee, Myoung-Jae and Fali Huang. "Finding Dynamic Treatment Effects under Anticipation: The Effects of Spanking on Behaviour." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 175,2 (April 2012): 535-567.

6.	Mazza, Jacopo van Ophem, Hans
6.	Separating Risk from Heterogeneity in Education: A Semiparametric Approach Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 181,1 (January 2018): 249-275. Also: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/rssa.12253/abstract Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Wiley Online Keyword(s): Earnings; Educational Attainment; Educational Returns; Heterogeneity; Wage Equations Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Returns to education are variable both within and between educational group. If uncertain pay-offs are a concern to individuals when selecting an education, wage variance is relevant. The variation is a combination of unobserved heterogeneity and pure uncertainty or risk. The first element is known to the individual, but unknown to the researcher; the second is unknown to both. As a result, the variance of wages observed in the data will overestimate the real magnitude of educational uncertainty and the effect that risk has on educational decisions. We apply a semiparametric estimation technique to tackle the selectivity issues. This method does not rely on distributional assumptions of the errors in the schooling choice and wage equations. Our results suggest that risk is decreasing in schooling. Private information accounts for a share varying between 0% and 13% of total wage variance observed depending on the educational level. Finally, we conclude that the estimation results are very sensitive to the functional relation that is imposed on the error structure.
	Bibliography Citation Mazza, Jacopo and Hans van Ophem. "Separating Risk from Heterogeneity in Education: A Semiparametric Approach." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 181,1 (January 2018): 249-275.

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