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Source: Columbia University Press
Resulting in 7 citations.
| 1. |
Gill, Andrew Matthew |
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Drug Use and the Value of Life Working Paper, College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, May 1993 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Columbia University Press Keyword(s): Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Drug Use; Heterogeneity; Wage Differentials Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between illicit drug use and compensating wage differentials for risk of job-related death. The motivation for this paper proposes the following three conditions: 1. Heterogeneity in individual willingness to bear job risks. 2. Correlation between drug use and willingness to bear job risks helps to identify this heterogeneity. 3. Hersch and Viscusi (1990) found that cigarette smokers and nonseatbelt wearers received lower compensating differentials for risk of nonfatal lost workday injuries than nonsmokers and seatbelt wearers. The findings are discussed and tend to support the above conditions. |
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Bibliography Citation
Gill, Andrew Matthew. "Drug Use and the Value of Life." Working Paper, College of Business and Economics, California State University, Fullerton, May 1993. |
| 2. |
Johnson, Shirley B. |
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Impact of Women's Liberation on Marriage, Divorce, and Family Life Style In: Sex, Discrimination, and the Division of Labor. CB Lloyd, ed. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1975 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Columbia University Press Keyword(s): Discrimination, Sex; Divorce; Dual-Career Families; Family Income; Family Structure; Housework/Housewives; Husbands; Marriage; Military Personnel; Research Methodology Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The "Women's Liberation Effect" is defined as a change in the preference functions of women in the face of more activities outside the household. This paper utilizes an economic analysis to study the effects of the attitudinal change in women on household production functions, preference functions of spouses, and patterns of marriage, divorce, and household formation. In a final section, some feminist proposals for further changes in marriage and the married household are critically evaluated, using the economic model of marriage as a framework of analysis. The women's liberation effect appears to have lowered the economic returns to marriage, at least temporarily. The present demographic situation in the United States, characterized by a decline in the income elasticity of the marriage rate, a rise in the age at marriage, and a high rate of divorce, can be interpreted as reflecting a "disequilibrium" due to changing tastes as well as changing relative productivities of men and women within the context of the traditional marriage. In the long run, however, it is possible that changes in the preference functions of both men and women as well as changes in household production functions will fundamentally alter the way in which the cost and returns from marriage are evaluated. |
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Bibliography Citation
Johnson, Shirley B. "Impact of Women's Liberation on Marriage, Divorce, and Family Life Style" In: Sex, Discrimination, and the Division of Labor. CB Lloyd, ed. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1975
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| 3. |
Manser, Marilyn E. Brown, Murray |
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Bargaining Analyses of Household Decisions In: Women in the Labor Market. CB Lloyd, et al., eds. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1979 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Columbia University Press Keyword(s): Bargaining Model; Fertility; Household Demand; Household Models; Leisure; Marriage Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The authors apply the bargaining models of household decision-making that were proposed and analyzed in their l977 study, focusing on several differences between these and the neoclassical approach. They show that retaining the received theory does not facilitate the determination of the interrelationships between types of marriage decisions and household demands, but that the bargaining theory does. They find that the bargaining models make possible an expanded set of econometric specifications for marriage, labor supply, and other household decisions and offer the promise of uncovering important elements in an economy-principally, the predominant type of marriage arrangement, its changes over time, and its impact on outcomes of the household decision-making process. Formal comments by Nancy M. Gordon and Orley Ashenfelter follow. |
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Bibliography Citation
Manser, Marilyn E. and Murray Brown. "Bargaining Analyses of Household Decisions" In: Women in the Labor Market. CB Lloyd, et al., eds. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1979
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| 4. |
Neumark, David B. |
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Gender Differences in Family Effects on Human Capital and Earnings: An Empirical Study of Siblings In: Applied Behavioural Economics. S. Maital, ed. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1988 Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women Publisher: Columbia University Press Keyword(s): Earnings; Family Influences; Gender Differences; Human Capital Theory; Pairs (also see Siblings); Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This essay studies the role of the family in determining earnings and various dimensions or measures of human capital, focusing in particular on gender differences in this process. Using data on siblings from the Young Men and Young Women cohorts of the NLS, the paper estimates and compares the magnitude of family influence on the accumulated amount of human capital and earnings of their children. The study finds that: (1) families do affect the earnings of their children; (2) the "symmetry" of family effects on the human capital of men and women is called into question once experience is added to the model; (3) family effects differ by gender; and (4) Schackett's (1981) original finding of correlated wage equation residuals, at least for male sibling pairs, still remains an unexplained empirical puzzle. |
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Bibliography Citation
Neumark, David B. "Gender Differences in Family Effects on Human Capital and Earnings: An Empirical Study of Siblings" In: Applied Behavioural Economics. S. Maital, ed. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1988
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| 5. |
Polachek, Solomon W. |
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Discontinuous Labor Force Participation and Its Effect on Women's Market Earnings In: Sex, Discrimination, and the Division of Labor. CB Lloyd, ed. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1975 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Columbia University Press Keyword(s): Discrimination; Discrimination, Sex; Job Training; Labor Force Participation; Occupational Segregation; Sex Roles; Sexual Division of Labor; Wage Gap; Wages Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper reports on the male/female wage differential and the reasons for its existence. One can conclude from the results neither that the "unexplained" portion of the wage gap is attributable to discrimination, nor, for that matter, that the "explained" portion is not affected by discrimination. That is, if a distinction were made between direct discrimination (the payment of differing wage rates for the same work) and indirect discrimination (the subtle socialization process of the division of labor within the household, which discourages most women from making a complete commitment to the labor market), we would find that the "unexplained" wage gap is an upper limit of direct discrimination, while the total wage gap is a reflection of discrimination in its indirect form. If the division of labor within the family is equated with discrimination, then no studies of wage differentials would be necessary because all differentials would, by definition, be caused by discrimination. The importance of continuous work experience as the major causal factor determining male-female wage differentials must be emphasized. The fact that females are, on the average, out of the labor force over ten years causes a decline in their initial human capital investment as well as a depreciation of already existing earnings potential. The result of this discontinuous labor force participation is that females both enter occupations requiring lesser amounts of training and train less even when in professions typified by much on-the-job training. As a result, we observe females being overrepresented in lower-paying occupations while also receiving lower pay in the higher-paying professions. |
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Bibliography Citation
Polachek, Solomon W. "Discontinuous Labor Force Participation and Its Effect on Women's Market Earnings" In: Sex, Discrimination, and the Division of Labor. CB Lloyd, ed. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1975
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| 6. |
Smith, James P. |
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Convergence to Racial Equality in Women's Wages In: Women in the Labor Market. C.B. Lloyd, et al., eds. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1979 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Columbia University Press Keyword(s): Current Population Survey (CPS) / CPS-Fertility Supplement; Educational Attainment; Migration; Occupations, Female; Part-Time Work; Public Sector; Racial Equality/Inequality; Wages; Work History Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Several potential reasons for the marked and persistent rise in the relative wage of black women are explored. Findings show that the central reason for the gain is that blacks and whites are becoming more alike in those characteristics known to produce higher wages, particularly education. Other explanations are the rapid rise in blacks' wages in the South and blacks' shift away from part-time employment. Newer cohorts are shown to enjoy greater wage improvement: vintage effects appear to be the dominant reason for the improved economic position of all black women. |
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Bibliography Citation
Smith, James P. "Convergence to Racial Equality in Women's Wages" In: Women in the Labor Market. C.B. Lloyd, et al., eds. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1979
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| 7. |
Stephan, Paula E. Schroeder, Larry D. |
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Career Decisions and Labor Force Participation of Married Women In: Women in the Labor Market. CB Lloyd, et al., eds. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1979 Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: Columbia University Press Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Husbands, Income; Schooling; Wives Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper argues that the treatment of women as a homogenous group when analyzing labor force participation decisions is likely to result in a loss of information because it ignores career commitments. It was hypothesized that variables such as education, children, husband's permanent income, and race could explain observed differences in the commitment of women to the labor force. A sample of married women, husbands present, from the 1967 NLS of Young Women, was used to test this hypothesis using as a measure of career the observance that women had been in the labor force for at least 70 percent of the time between marriage and 1967. The outcome of a logit regression analysis suggested that these variables were significantly related to the probability of being a career woman. The authors then explored how segmentation of the sample into career and noncareer components might affect the outcome of the usual labor force participation analysis of women at a single point in time. It was argued that transitory impacts upon husband's earnings would probably affect the participation of those without a career commitment, but that it would have no effect upon those women with career commitments. In general, a noncareer woman acted in a way very similar to the conclusions reached in the traditional studies of labor force participation of married women, spouse present. For those with commitments, on the other hand, neither the number of children, the presence of teenagers, nor the earnings of the husband were related to their current labor force status. |
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Bibliography Citation
Stephan, Paula E. and Larry D. Schroeder. "Career Decisions and Labor Force Participation of Married Women" In: Women in the Labor Market. CB Lloyd, et al., eds. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1979
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