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Resulting in 12 citations.

1.	Agre, Lynn A.
1.	Home Environment and Child's Cognitive and Emotional Developmental Delay: Evidence from the 1988 NLSY M.A. Thesis, Rutgers: The State University of New Jersey, 1995 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Behavioral Problems; Child Development; Child Health; Children, School-Age; Cognitive Development; Disability; Fathers, Presence; Home Environment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Inner-City; Modeling; Mothers, Education; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Poverty; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Objectives: The purpose of this research is to investigate the association between home environment and developmental delay in school-age children between the ages of 5 and 9, controlling for gender, socioeconomic status, and presence of father-figure at home. Methods: Development delay as a measure of child health status was defined using the developmental tests administered to the children of the 1988 NLSY. Those children below the 10th percentile of the Behavior Problems Index or the Peabody Individual Achievement Test subtests were considered developmentally delayed. Results: The bivariate relationship between developmental delay and poverty status, race, mother's education, the presence of the father and the home environment were investigated with chi-square test statistic and t-test statistic. Multivariate models included logistic regression to examine the effect of the home environment on developmental delay. Conclusions: While the typical profile of the children in the lower decile manifesting delay appears to concur with previously reported research, i.e. more children are poor than not poor, are black and live in urban environments, this research suggests that the home environment is a critical determinant of developmental delay. Presence or absence of father in household, poverty and mother's educational attainment may be considered contributing factors to the physical aspects of the home environment.
	Bibliography Citation Agre, Lynn A. Home Environment and Child's Cognitive and Emotional Developmental Delay: Evidence from the 1988 NLSY. M.A. Thesis, Rutgers: The State University of New Jersey, 1995.

2.	Berger, Lawrence Marc
2.	Economic Analyses of Child Abuse and Neglect Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 2002. DAI-A 63/03, p. 1130, Sep 2002 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Benefits; Childhood Residence; Family Structure; Family Studies; Foster Care; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Income; Parents, Single; Poverty; Punishment, Corporal; Social Work; Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF); Welfare Despite firmly established relationships between socioeconomic factors and child maltreatment in the U.S., microeconomic approaches to understanding child abuse and neglect have yet to be developed and researchers have only recently begun to study the effects of various economic policies on child maltreatment rates. This dissertation presents three free-standing papers which offer theoretical and empirical models for better understanding the effects of family structure, income, poverty, and public policies on child maltreatment and children's living arrangements. The first paper estimates the existence and strength of relationships between income, family characteristics, state characteristics, and physical violence toward children using data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey. Results suggest that, in both single-parent and two-parent families, race/ethnicity, depression, maternal alcohol consumption, and history of family violence affect children's probabilities of being physically abused. Additionally, income is significantly related to violence toward children in single-parent families. The second paper uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to explore the effects of income and poverty, family structure, and public policies on seven indicators of child maltreatment. Results suggest that these factors differentially affect the outcome measures. Income and poverty impact routine medical and dental care, the quality of the caregiving environment, and spanking behaviors. Single-parent families and families with a biological mother and non-biological father figure are found to have lower quality caregiving environments than mother-father families. This analysis also provides some tentative evidence that higher welfare benefit levels and lower unemployment rates serve as protective factors for children. The third paper uses data from the NLSY to estimate the effects of income and poverty, family structure, and income support polici es on the probabilities that children are living in various out-of-home settings. Results suggest that lower-income, single-parent, and mother-partner families are more likely to have children living out-of-home in a given year. Higher AFDC/TANF benefits are associated with decreases in the probability that a family has a child living in a child welfare service setting, but increases in the probability that a family has a child living with relatives. Higher foster care payments are associated with increases in out-of-home placements.
	Bibliography Citation Berger, Lawrence Marc. Economic Analyses of Child Abuse and Neglect. Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 2002. DAI-A 63/03, p. 1130, Sep 2002.

3.	Gee, Geoffrey Michael
3.	An Investigation of Socially Contagious Fertility Ph.D. Dissertation, Duke University, 1998 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Age at First Birth; Childbearing, Adolescent; Gender Differences; Geocoded Data; Modeling; Motherhood; Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Pregnancy, Adolescent; Social Influences; Socioeconomic Factors; Teenagers "Why do some adolescents enter motherhood while others delay childbearing?" The question, fueled by the common perception of teenage motherhood as a serious social problem, has drawn the attention of academics and politicians alike. Although previous research extended our understanding of the phenomenon, much remains unknown. I examine the theory that social influence is a determinant of teenage motherhood. The model is a synthesis of a traditional economic model of fertility, which stresses the costs and benefits of children, with a threshold model (Granovetter, 1978) of social influence. A sequential framework in the mold of Degraf, Bilsborrow, and Guilkey (1997) is used to model the short-run demand for children. Defining the short- run as adolescence, the decision becomes whether to give birth to one's first child during adolescence or enter adulthood without children. Social influence is incorporated by an adolescent's decision to give birth be "tipped" by the prevalence of first-births within her social network. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth with Geocode is merged with aggregate natality, abortion access, and socioeconomic data on an adolescent's county of residence. The binary choice of give first-birth or do not give first-birth is estimated by maximum likelihood estimation. The empirical results provide evidence for (1) social influence that affects blacks and whites differently, (2) racial boundaries to peer influence, and (3) age spill-over effects in blacks.
	Bibliography Citation Gee, Geoffrey Michael. An Investigation of Socially Contagious Fertility. Ph.D. Dissertation, Duke University, 1998.

4.	Kabir, Md Humayun
4.	Socio-Economic Determinants of Mobility of Middle Aged Men in the United States Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, Brown University, 1981. Also: http://osu.worldcat.org/title/socio-economic-determinants-of-mobility-of-middle-age-men-in-the-united-states/oclc/009795467 Cohort(s): Older Men Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Life Cycle Research; Migration; Mobility; Retirement/Retirement Planning; Socioeconomic Status (SES) This study sought detailed information on the possible determinants of geographic mobility of middle aged men. Mobility depended on background, socio-economic status, life cycle stage, labor force status, and health conditions.
	Bibliography Citation Kabir, Md Humayun. Socio-Economic Determinants of Mobility of Middle Aged Men in the United States. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Sociology, Brown University, 1981..

5.	Kim, Jae Won
5.	Estimation of the Earnings Functions of Married Women in the Presence of Discontinuous Labor Supply Ph.D. Dissertation, Indiana University, 1984. Also: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/33897923_Estimation_of_the_earnings_functions_of_married_women_in_the_presence_of_discontinuous_labor_supply_ Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Behavior; Discrimination, Sex; Earnings; Occupational Investment; Work History During the last decade numerous authors have attempted to evaluate the sources of inequality in earnings between males and females. Much of the research has focused on the effects of labor market discrimination and differential investment in human capital. This study tests the hypothesis that the "observed" investment ratios profiles of married women are consistent with the "optimal" investment ratios profiles, taking explicit account of the timing and duration of the non-participation of married women. If there were no market discrimination against women in providing job opportunities and on-the-job training, the main barrier preventing married women from working continuously is the bearing and rearing of children. In that case, the rational investment behavior of married women will be mainly affected by the timing and duration of nonparticipation due to children anticipated at the outset of their adult life. Thus, accepting the hypothesis is equivalent to confirming that human capital theory, rather than market discrimination, provides a more plausible explanation of the earnings profiles of married women. Using data from the four years of the NLS, the results of the estimations show that the claim that human capital theory, rather than market discrimination, provides a more plausible explanation of the earnings profiles of married women receives less support than previously indicated and actually seems to be placed in some doubt.
	Bibliography Citation Kim, Jae Won. Estimation of the Earnings Functions of Married Women in the Presence of Discontinuous Labor Supply. Ph.D. Dissertation, Indiana University, 1984..

6.	Kim, Sungteak
6.	Duration Analysis of Welfare Spells: With Application to the NLSY and the NLS Young Women Data Ph.D. Dissertation, Brown University, 1998. DAI-A 59/04, p. 1283, Oct 1998. Also: http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9830466 Cohort(s): NLSY79, Young Women Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Family Structure; Heterogeneity; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Modeling, Hazard/Event History/Survival/Duration; Modeling, Mixed Effects; Parents, Single; Test Scores/Test theory/IRT; Welfare mThis dissertation studies the determinants of welfare duration and the effects of the duration on the conditional probability of exit. It provides a theoretical background to understand the exit decision of welfare participants and the determinants of welfare duration, and explores the surroundings concerning welfare duration. The proportional hazard model and the accelerated failure time model are applied to the NLSY data (1979-1993), and the results are examined by two specification techniques-split sample comparison, and numerical test using a part of score test statistic. The fixed-effects partial likelihood model is applied to the multiple-spell NLSY data in an effort to solve the problems raised by the unobserved heterogeneity. Finally the welfare trends and the baseline hazard distributions over the 1970s and the 1980s are compared. This study reports that there is little evidence of negative duration dependence but strong presence of heterogeneity in the population, although some of the welfare recipients stay in the welfare program for a long period. The estimation results from the two hazard models are similar in the case of the whole sample. But the results from the split samples show very diverse estimates across the corresponding groups, and provide an evidence to the seriousness of the unobserved heterogeneity. Despite of the indication of decreasing hazard rate from the estimation results, the specification tests point the exponential distribution as the true underlying hazard rate except the 'self-income decrease' group. The multiple-spell application with the fixed-effects partial likelihood method presents more number of significant estimates and smaller standard errors than the single-spell application. Among the explanatory variables, the family income and the total welfare income consistently show significant effect on the hazard rate consistently, while the self-income and the maximum AFDC benefit reports insignificant effect. The policy imp lication from the results suggests to keep the family structure which can financially support the disadvantaged single mother, and to reduce the extent of connection among the welfare programs. The comparison of the welfare trends over the two decades reports that the young women in the 1980s start the welfare participation earlier, to return more often to welfare programs, and to work less hours than in the 1970s.
	Bibliography Citation Kim, Sungteak. Duration Analysis of Welfare Spells: With Application to the NLSY and the NLS Young Women Data. Ph.D. Dissertation, Brown University, 1998. DAI-A 59/04, p. 1283, Oct 1998..

7.	Macomber, Alixandra Booth
7.	Parental Influence over Adolescent Women of Generation X and their Career Choices and Satisfaction in Adulthood Master's Thesis, University of Maryland, 1999. Also: http://books.google.com/books/about/Parental_influence_over_adolescent_women.html?id=eVJxNwAACAAJ Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Attitudes; Educational Attainment; Fathers; Job Patterns; Mothers; Teenagers; Women; Work Attitudes The present study was designed to examine two stages in the lives of Generation X women included in a longitudinal national survey. The first stage was adolescence and the second stage was early-to-mid 30s. The respondents' perceptions, as adolescents, about the roles of women in the workplace was examined, along with information about their parents' jobs and education. The association between the adolescents' attitudes about women in the workplace and their parents' education and work patterns were explored. Then, the study examined how the women's perceptions as adolescents and their parents' education and occupations predicted the women's own education and careers.
	Bibliography Citation Macomber, Alixandra Booth. Parental Influence over Adolescent Women of Generation X and their Career Choices and Satisfaction in Adulthood. Master's Thesis, University of Maryland, 1999..

8.	McGrath, Daniel Joseph
8.	Parent Involvement in Schools, the Intergenerational Transfer of Occupational and Economic Success, and the Grouping of Students: Lessons from Suburbia Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1997 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Family Background and Culture; Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Occupational Attainment; Parent-School involvement; Parental Influences; School Characteristics/Rating/Safety; Schooling; Transfers, Family; Transfers, Parental; Wages, Men; Wages, Women This is a study of the influence of parent involvement in schools on children's later occupational and economic success, as well as on the grouping of children in tracks and programs in schools. I looked first at the relationship between community, school, and within-school characteristics that parents can influence and the transmission of socioeconomic success across generations. Using a sample of 3,828 respondents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I found the influence of family background on students' community, school, and within-school placements explained 9.0 percent of the variance in men's occupational success as 29-year-olds and 6.2 percent of the variance in women's occupational success. However, it explained only 2.4 percent of the variance in women's wages as 28-year-olds and 1.9 percent of the variance in men's wages. One body of parent involvement research had linked parent involvement to student achievement. My findings, however, suggested that parent invol vement had little relationship to later socioeconomic outcomes. A second body of parent involvement research suggested social class-based differences in parent involvement in children's track and program placements. These differences might impact the distribution of children in tracks and programs. In the study's second part, I looked at parent involvement in the placement of students in tracks and programs within schools. Using field notes from a year's participant-observation at a suburban school district, I found that involved, elite parents often sought to separate their children from lower status children through promoting ability tracking and requesting that their children be placed in special programs and in the highest ability tracks. This had substantial impacts on the size and composition of some tracks and programs. Third, I looked at a set of contextual factors that helped explain parents' involvement in the grouping of students. These contextual factors include d the so cioeconomic class and race/ethnicity of both local educators and mothers; parents' and educators' differing needs concerning schools; children's changing grade and school levels; and the schools' attitudes toward parent involvement. The contextual factors tended to encourage parent involvement focused on the placement of their own individual students in tracks and programs parents thought advantageous.
	Bibliography Citation McGrath, Daniel Joseph. Parent Involvement in Schools, the Intergenerational Transfer of Occupational and Economic Success, and the Grouping of Students: Lessons from Suburbia. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1997.

9.	McKusick, David R.
9.	Economic Determinants of Child Spacing in Small U.S. Families Ph.D. Dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1989 Cohort(s): Young Women Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Behavior; Births, Repeat / Spacing; Childbearing; Family Income; Fertility; First Birth This paper analyzes economic determinants of the length of the interval from marriage to first birth and from first to second birth among women in the United States between 1968 and 1980. The study is intended to test two economic models of birth spacing, one by Assaf Razin and a second by James Heckman and Robert Willis. Both are based on the new home economics approach to explaining fertility behavior. The positioning of births within the woman's childbearing years is seen as a function of current and expected family income, costs of childrearing and the couple's preference for children compared to other sources of gratification. The data set for this study is the Survey of Young Women, NLS. This survey follows a cohort of women aged 14-24 in 1968 from 1968 to 1980. The analyses use survival table techniques to allow for open birth intervals at the time of loss to followup or censoring by the end of the survey. The results support some of the predictions of the two models and fail to corroborate others. The results suggest that the effect of income on the timing of the first birth may be different from its effect on the second birth. Higher income by either the husband or the wife appears to delay the first birth but accelerate the second. [UMI ADG89-23723]
	Bibliography Citation McKusick, David R. Economic Determinants of Child Spacing in Small U.S. Families. Ph.D. Dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 1989.

10.	Meier, Ronald L.
10.	Participation in Secondary Vocational Education and its Relationship to College Enrollment and Major Ph.D. Dissertation, Northeast Missouri State University, 1988 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): College Enrollment; College Major/Field of Study/Courses; Education, Secondary; High School Completion/Graduates; Vocational Education This study investigated information from the NLSY for the years 1979 through 1982. Specifically, data regarding participation in secondary vocational education courses, high school completion, college enrollment, and college major were analyzed via Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival distribution and log linear models to ascertain the nature of relationships among the amount and kind of participation in secondary vocational education, whether the student enrolled in college and, if they did, what their college major was. Findings showed that students who develop concentrations in an area of secondary vocational education were less likely to enroll in college over time. Of those students who do enroll in college, level of participation was related to college major. After compressing further across levels of participation, patterns of enrollment were not significantly different. However, patterns of college majors varied significantly with type of secondary vocational education participation.
	Bibliography Citation Meier, Ronald L. Participation in Secondary Vocational Education and its Relationship to College Enrollment and Major. Ph.D. Dissertation, Northeast Missouri State University, 1988.

11.	Valecha, Gopal K.
11.	Construct Validation of the Internal-External Locus of Control as Measured by an Abbreviated 11-ITE IE Scale Ph.D. Dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1972 Cohort(s): Young Men Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Control; Internal-External Attitude; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Research Methodology; Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control); Scale Construction; Work Attitudes The study focuses on construct validation of internal-external control, of reinforcement as measured by an abbreviated new scale of Internal-External Locus of Control (I-E) and administered to a national probability sample of over 4,000 young men, 16 to 26 years of age in l968. The first chapter deals with the definition of I-E, its theoretical underpinnings, and the early studies related to development of the 29-item forced-choice scale and other measures of I-E. The second chapter relates I-E to various other constructs that bear a similarity and are in some fashion related to it. The third chapter summarizes literature pertaining to construct validity of I-E. Chapter Four examines the hypothesized relationship between I-E and factors believed to influence I-E, and factors assumed to be influenced by I-E. Chapter Five deals with the methodology as related to sampling, interviewing of individuals, and the statistical operations to be performed. The results and their interpretation and discussion are presented in Chapter Six. The conclusion and summary are provided in Chapter Seven.
	Bibliography Citation Valecha, Gopal K. Construct Validation of the Internal-External Locus of Control as Measured by an Abbreviated 11-ITE IE Scale. Ph.D. Dissertation, The Ohio State University, 1972.

12.	Winders, Rebecca M.
12.	Impacts of Job Loss on the Careers of Midlife Women: A Metropolitan/Nonmetropolitan Comparison with Implications for Rural Labor Policy Ph.D. Dissertation, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, 1989. Also: http://books.google.com/books/about/Impacts_of_job_loss_on_the_careers_of_mi.html?id=2NrnNwAACAAJ Cohort(s): Mature Women Publisher: UMI - University Microfilms, Bell and Howell Information and Learning Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Displaced Workers; Layoffs; Rural Sociology; Rural Women; Rural/Urban Migration; Self-Employed Workers; Wages; Women; Work Histories Job displacement in rural labor markets is especially severe relative to urban economies and to their own robust growth of the late 1960s through mid-1970s. Focusing on midlife women, a population group particularly disadvantaged in seeking new jobs, this dissertation examined displacement losses and adjustment strategies, emphasizing metropolitan/nonmetropolitan comparisons. The analysis uses data collected from the 1967-1984 waves of the Mature Women's cohort. Two sets of empirical issues and one broad policy question were addressed. First, consequences of job loss for women's careers were examined, comparing wage and employment impacts in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Second, for displaced workers, the study analyzed the determinants of adoption of three adjustment strategies and the effects of each strategy on wages and employment status. A final objective was to address the policy question of whether nonmetropolitan areas merit special consideration in the allocation of funds or design of programs for assisting displaced workers. As expected, the components of displacement loss and the larger wage loss among rural women was consistent with a presumed relative lack of adjustment services and alternative job opportunities in rural labor markets. However, the higher rates of reemployment of rural women were a surprising result. Overall, the estimated cost of displacement was somewhat higher for nonmetropolitan residents.
	Bibliography Citation Winders, Rebecca M. Impacts of Job Loss on the Careers of Midlife Women: A Metropolitan/Nonmetropolitan Comparison with Implications for Rural Labor Policy. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, 1989..

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