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Source: Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences

Resulting in 9 citations.

1.	Apel, Robert Powell, Kathleen
1.	Level of Criminal Justice Contact and Early Adult Wage Inequality RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5,1 Criminal Justice Contact and Inequality (February 2019), 198-222. Also: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/rsf.2019.5.1.09 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Arrests; Criminal Justice System; Incarceration/Jail; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Racial Differences; Wage Gap This study explores heterogeneity in the relationship between criminal justice contact and early adult wages using unconditional quantile regression models with sibling fixed effects, estimated separately by race-ethnicity. The findings support the contention that the relationship between criminal justice contact and wages is heterogeneous in three respects: level of contact, race, and location in the wage distribution. First, entry-level contacts in the form of arrest are largely uncorrelated with wages, whereas wage gaps are evident following late-stage contacts in the form of jail or prison incarceration. Second, the wage gap from incarceration is observable among black respondents, but not whites or Latinos. Third, the size of the wage gap from incarceration is approximately U-shaped with respect to the black wage distribution.
	Bibliography Citation Apel, Robert and Kathleen Powell. "Level of Criminal Justice Contact and Early Adult Wage Inequality." RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5,1 Criminal Justice Contact and Inequality (February 2019), 198-222.

2.	Conwell, Jordan A. Ye, Leafia Zi
2.	All Wealth Is Not Created Equal: Race, Parental Net Worth, and Children's Achievement RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 7,3 Wealth Inequality and Child Development: Implications for Policy and Practice (August 2021): 101-121. Also: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/rsf.2021.7.3.05 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Ethnic Differences; Family Resources; Net Worth; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Racial Differences Using data from the children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort, spanning 1986 to 2014, we investigated whether White, Black, and Hispanic children whose parents had the same wealth, measured as net worth, have equal math and reading achievement trajectories from age five through fourteen. Black and Hispanic children often had significantly worse scores than same-wealth Whites. We also found racial variation, to the disadvantage of Blacks and Hispanics relative to same-wealth Whites, in measures of family demographic context and financial portfolio composition, both of which research has linked to children's achievement. Whereas previous research has found that structural racial inequality contributes to racial differences in wealth, we find evidence of similar processes in same-wealth comparisons that have potential implications for children's academic success.
	Bibliography Citation Conwell, Jordan A. and Leafia Zi Ye. "All Wealth Is Not Created Equal: Race, Parental Net Worth, and Children's Achievement." RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 7,3 Wealth Inequality and Child Development: Implications for Policy and Practice (August 2021): 101-121.

3.	Doran, Elizabeth L. Bartel, Ann P. Waldfogel, Jane
3.	Gender in the Labor Market: The Role of Equal Opportunity and Family-Friendly Policies RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5,5: Improving Employment and Earnings in Twenty-First Century Labor Markets (December 2019): 168-197. Also: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/rsf.2019.5.5.09 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): American Time Use Survey (ATUS); Benefits; Gender Differences; Leave, Family or Maternity/Paternity Although the gender wage gap in the United States has narrowed, women's career trajectories diverge from men's after the birth of children, suggesting a potential role for family-friendly policies. We provide new evidence on employer provision of these policies. Using the American Time Use Survey, we find that women are less likely than men to have access to any employer-provided paid leave and this differential is entirely explained by part-time status. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we find that young women are more likely to have access to specifically designated paid parental leave, even in part-time jobs. Both data sets show insignificant gender differentials in access to employer-subsidized childcare and access to scheduling flexibility. We conclude with a discussion of policy implications.
	Bibliography Citation Doran, Elizabeth L., Ann P. Bartel and Jane Waldfogel. "Gender in the Labor Market: The Role of Equal Opportunity and Family-Friendly Policies." RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5,5: Improving Employment and Earnings in Twenty-First Century Labor Markets (December 2019): 168-197.

4.	Jackson, Margot Agbai, Chinyere Rauscher, Emily
4.	The Effects of State-Level Medicaid Coverage on Family Wealth RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 7,3 Wealth Inequality and Child Development: Implications for Policy and Practice (August 2021): 216-234. Also: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/rsf.2021.7.3.10 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Geocoded Data; Medicaid/Medicare; Mothers, Education; Racial Differences; State-Level Data/Policy; Wealth Jointly financed by the federal government and the states, Medicaid represents the second largest form of public-sector investment in children. Research documents direct positive effects of Medicaid on children's well-being, but little is known about the effects of Medicaid expansions on the wealth of families with children. Using state variation in Medicaid access during the prenatal and infant period, linked to longitudinal data from the children of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79, we ask whether state-level Medicaid generosity is associated with family wealth among families with children and whether these effects vary by parental education and race-ethnicity. We find that greater state-level Medicaid access is associated with a larger total amount held in savings and retirement accounts, as well as in mortgages. These effects are largely driven by non-Hispanic white families, and those with more highly educated mothers.
	Bibliography Citation Jackson, Margot, Chinyere Agbai and Emily Rauscher. "The Effects of State-Level Medicaid Coverage on Family Wealth." RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 7,3 Wealth Inequality and Child Development: Implications for Policy and Practice (August 2021): 216-234.

5.	Killewald, Alexandra Bryan, Brielle
5.	Does Your Home Make You Wealthy? Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 2,6 (October 2016): 110-128. Also: http://www.rsfjournal.org/doi/full/10.7758/RSF.2016.2.6.06 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Ethnic Differences; Home Ownership; Modeling, Marginal Structural; Racial Differences; Wealth Estimating the lifetime wealth consequences of homeownership is complicated by ongoing events, such as divorce or inheritance, that may shape both homeownership decisions and later-life wealth. We argue that prior research that has not accounted for these dynamic selection processes has overstated the causal effect of homeownership on wealth. Using NLSY79 data and marginal structural models, we find that each additional year of homeownership increases midlife wealth in 2008 by about $6,800, more than 25 percent less than estimates from models that do not account for dynamic selection. Hispanic and African American wealth benefits from each homeownership year are 62 percent and 48 percent as large as those of whites, respectively. Homeownership remains wealth-enhancing in 2012, but shows smaller returns. Our results confirm homeownership's role in wealth accumulation and that variation in both homeownership rates and the wealth benefits of homeownership contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in midlife wealth holdings.
	Bibliography Citation Killewald, Alexandra and Brielle Bryan. "Does Your Home Make You Wealthy?" Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 2,6 (October 2016): 110-128.

6.	Miller, Portia Podvysotska, Tamara Betancur, Laura Votruba-Drzal, Elizabeth
6.	Wealth and Child Development: Differences in Associations by Family Income and Developmental Stage RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 7,3 Wealth Inequality and Child Development: Implications for Policy and Practice (August 2021): 154-174. Also: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/rsf.2021.7.3.07 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Family Income; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Wealth Wealth inequality is at a historic high in the United States. Yet little is known about the implications of wealth on children's development because research has focused mainly on the role of wealth in shaping outcomes in adulthood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 8,095), we examine how family wealth relates to achievement and behavior problems during early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Further, we explore whether links between wealth and children's development vary by level of income and income volatility. Results show that wealth, controlling for income level and volatility, is uniquely related to both academic and behavioral development in early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Moreover, evidence suggests that wealth plays a buffering role when it comes to protecting children's development from the deleterious effects of low family income, especially as children grow older.
	Bibliography Citation Miller, Portia, Tamara Podvysotska, Laura Betancur and Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal. "Wealth and Child Development: Differences in Associations by Family Income and Developmental Stage." RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 7,3 Wealth Inequality and Child Development: Implications for Policy and Practice (August 2021): 154-174.

7.	Parker, Emily Tach, Laura Robertson, Cassandra
7.	Do Federal Place-Based Policies Improve Economic Opportunity in Rural Communities? RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: Growing Up Rural: How Place Shapes Life Outcomes 8, 4 (May 2022): 125-154. Also: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48663809 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Economics, Regional; Geocoded Data; Government Regulation; Mobility; Poverty; Rural Areas; Socioeconomic Status (SES) The U.S. federal government has invested considerable resources in place-based programs to improve local economies, amenities, and infrastructure. Although urban place-based policies have received the most attention, place-based approaches have long been central to efforts addressing rural poverty as well. Using a novel dataset, we document a substantial increase in place-based funding to rural counties from 1990 to 2015. We then assess the association between exposure to place-based funding and socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. We find that living in counties that received more place-based funding is associated with higher educational attainment and greater earnings, but only for those who migrated in adulthood. We conclude that place-based investment may improve economic opportunity via geographic mobility for rural American youth.
	Bibliography Citation Parker, Emily, Laura Tach and Cassandra Robertson. "Do Federal Place-Based Policies Improve Economic Opportunity in Rural Communities?" RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences: Growing Up Rural: How Place Shapes Life Outcomes 8, 4 (May 2022): 125-154.

8.	Sawhill, Isabel V. Reeves, Richard V.
8.	Modeling Equal Opportunity Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 2,2 (May 2016): 60-97. Also: http://www.rsfjournal.org/doi/full/10.7758/RSF.2016.2.2.03 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Achievement; Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Children, Academic Development; Children, Well-Being; Family Income; Gender Differences; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Intergenerational Patterns/Transmission; Life Course; Mobility, Economic; Modeling, Simulation; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); School Entry/Readiness We examine the themes of equal opportunity, intergenerational mobility, and inequality. We address the normative and definitional questions of selecting measures of mobility and summarize the current state of intergenerational mobility in the United States and abroad. We introduce a new microsimulation model, the Social Genome Model (SGM), which provides a framework for measuring success in each stage of the life cycle. We show how the SGM can be used not only to understand the pathways to the middle class, but also to simulate the impact of policy interventions on rates of mobility.
	Bibliography Citation Sawhill, Isabel V. and Richard V. Reeves. "Modeling Equal Opportunity ." Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 2,2 (May 2016): 60-97.

9.	Weaver, Vesla M. Papachristos, Andrew Zanger-Tishler, Michael
9.	The Great Decoupling: The Disconnection Between Criminal Offending and Experience of Arrest Across Two Cohorts RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5,1 Criminal Justice Contact and Inequality (February 2019), 89-123. Also: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7758/rsf.2019.5.1.05 Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97 Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation Keyword(s): Arrests; Crime; Criminal Justice System; Racial Differences Our study explores the arrest experiences of two generational cohorts--those entering adulthood on either side of a large shift in American policing. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979 and 1997), we find a stark increase in arrest odds among the later generation at every level of offending, suggesting a decoupling between contact with the justice system and criminal conduct. Furthermore, this decoupling became racially inflected. Blacks had a much higher probability of arrest at the start of the twenty-first century than both blacks of the generation prior and whites of the same generation. The criminal justice system, we argue, slipped from one in which arrest was low and strongly linked to offending to one where a substantial share of Americans experienced arrest without committing a crime.
	Bibliography Citation Weaver, Vesla M., Andrew Papachristos and Michael Zanger-Tishler. "The Great Decoupling: The Disconnection Between Criminal Offending and Experience of Arrest Across Two Cohorts." RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences 5,1 Criminal Justice Contact and Inequality (February 2019), 89-123.

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