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Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS)
Resulting in 5 citations.
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Brand, Jennie E. Moore, Ravaris L. Song, Xi Xie, Yu |
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Parental Divorce is not Uniformly Disruptive to Children's Educational Attainment Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 116,15 (9 April 2019): 7266-7271. Also: https://www.pnas.org/content/116/15/7266 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States Keyword(s): Disadvantaged, Economically; Divorce; Educational Attainment; Family Income; Parental Influences; Parental Marital Status Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. While parental divorce is generally associated with unfavorable outcomes for children, it does not follow that every divorce is equally bad for the children it affected. We find that parental divorce lowers the educational attainment of children who have a low likelihood of their parents' divorcing. For these children, divorce is an unexpected shock to an otherwise-privileged childhood. However, we find no impact of parents' divorcing on the education of children who have a high likelihood of a divorce occurring. Disadvantaged children of high-risk marriages may anticipate or otherwise accommodate to the dissolution of their parents' marriage. Social discourse and policy aimed at promoting marital stability among disadvantaged families, for whom unfortunate events are common, are misguided. |
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Bibliography Citation
Brand, Jennie E., Ravaris L. Moore, Xi Song and Yu Xie. "Parental Divorce is not Uniformly Disruptive to Children's Educational Attainment." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 116,15 (9 April 2019): 7266-7271.
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| 2. |
Cherlin, Andrew J. |
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Rising Nonmarital First Childbearing among College-educated Women: Evidence from three National Studies Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 118,37 (14 September 2021): DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109016118. Also: https://www.pnas.org/content/118/37/e2109016118 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States Keyword(s): Childbearing, Premarital/Nonmarital; College Education; Family Formation; First Birth; Marital Status; National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth); National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Until recently, one key way in which family formation in the United States was distinctive among college-educated young adults was their tendency to wait until after marriage to have a first birth. Even as nonmarital first childbearing became common among less-educated adults, levels among the college-educated remained very low. These levels now appear to be rising, according to data from three national surveys. The data suggest a change in the role of marriage in family formation among the college-educated population, although not necessarily a decline. Rather, the place of marriage in the sequence of life events that compose emerging adulthood may be shifting among college graduates: for a growing share, marriage may occur after a first birth rather than before. |
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Bibliography Citation
Cherlin, Andrew J. "Rising Nonmarital First Childbearing among College-educated Women: Evidence from three National Studies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 118,37 (14 September 2021): DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109016118.
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Fletcher, Jason Vidal-Fernández, Marian Wolfe, Barbara L. |
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Dynamic and Heterogeneous Effects of Sibling Death on Children's Outcomes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 115,1 (2 January 2018): 115-120. Also: http://www.pnas.org/content/115/1/115.abstract Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79, NLSY79 Young Adult Publisher: National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States Keyword(s): Cognitive Development; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Parental Investments; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Siblings; Trauma/Death in family Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This paper explores the effects of experiencing the death of a sibling on children's developmental outcomes. Recent work has shown that experiencing a sibling death is common and long-term effects are large. We extend understanding of these effects by estimating dynamic effects on surviving siblings' cognitive and socioemotional outcomes, as well as emotional and cognitive support by parents. Using the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (CNLSY79), we find large initial effects on cognitive and noncognitive outcomes that decline over time. We also provide evidence that the effects are larger if the surviving child is older and less prominent if the deceased child was either disabled or an infant, suggesting sensitive periods of exposure. Auxiliary results show that parental investments in the emotional support of surviving children decline following the death of their child. |
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Bibliography Citation
Fletcher, Jason, Marian Vidal-Fernández and Barbara L. Wolfe. "Dynamic and Heterogeneous Effects of Sibling Death on Children's Outcomes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 115,1 (2 January 2018): 115-120.
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Penner, Andrew M. Saperstein, Aliya |
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How Social Status Shapes Race Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105,50 (December 16, 2008): 19628-19630. Also: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2604956 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States Keyword(s): Ethnic Groups/Ethnicity; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Racial Differences; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We show that racial perceptions are fluid; how individuals perceive their own race and how they are perceived by others depends in part on their social position. Using longitudinal data from a representative sample of Americans, we find that individuals who are unemployed, incarcerated, or impoverished are more likely to be seen and identify as black and less likely to be seen and identify as white, regardless of how they were classified or identified previously. This is consistent with the view that race is not a fixed individual attribute, but rather a changeable marker of status. |
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Bibliography Citation
Penner, Andrew M. and Aliya Saperstein. "How Social Status Shapes Race." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105,50 (December 16, 2008): 19628-19630.
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Rohrer, Julia M. Egloff, Boris Schmukle, Stefan C. |
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Examining the Effects of Birth Order on Personality Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112,46 (17 November 2015): 14224–14229. Also: http://www.pnas.org/content/112/46/14224.abstract Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: National Academy of Sciences (NAS), United States Keyword(s): Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Birth Order; Cross-national Analysis; German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP); Intelligence; NCDS - National Child Development Study (British); Personality/Big Five Factor Model or Traits; Siblings Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This study examined the long-standing question of whether a person's position among siblings has a lasting impact on that person's life course. Empirical research on the relation between birth order and intelligence has convincingly documented that performances on psychometric intelligence tests decline slightly from firstborns to later-borns. By contrast, the search for birth-order effects on personality has not yet resulted in conclusive findings. We used data from three large national panels from the United States (n = 5,240), Great Britain (n = 4,489), and Germany (n = 10,457) to resolve this open research question. This database allowed us to identify even very small effects of birth order on personality with sufficiently high statistical power and to investigate whether effects emerge across different samples. We furthermore used two different analytical strategies by comparing siblings with different birth-order positions (i) within the same family (within-family design) and (ii) between different families (between-family design). In our analyses, we confirmed the expected birth-order effect on intelligence. We also observed a significant decline of a 10th of a SD in self-reported intellect with increasing birth-order position, and this effect persisted after controlling for objectively measured intelligence. Most important, however, we consistently found no birth-order effects on extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, or imagination. On the basis of the high statistical power and the consistent results across samples and analytical designs, we must conclude that birth order does not have a lasting effect on broad personality traits outside of the intellectual domain. |
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Bibliography Citation
Rohrer, Julia M., Boris Egloff and Stefan C. Schmukle. "Examining the Effects of Birth Order on Personality." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112,46 (17 November 2015): 14224–14229. A.
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