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Source: Population Research Center - NORC
Resulting in 4 citations.
1. Abe, Yasuyo
Michael, Robert T.
Employment, Delinquency, and Sex During Adolescence: Evidence from NLSY 97
Working Paper 99-4, Chicago, Population Research Center, 1999.
Also: http://ideas.uqam.ca/ideas/data/Papers/fthchiprc99-4.html
Cohort(s): NLSY97
Publisher: National Opinion Research Center - NORC
Keyword(s): Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Fertility; Delinquency/Gang Activity; Employment; Sexual Activity; Sexual Behavior

Bibliography Citation
Abe, Yasuyo and Robert T. Michael. "Employment, Delinquency, and Sex During Adolescence: Evidence from NLSY 97." Working Paper 99-4, Chicago, Population Research Center, 1999.
2. Averett, Susan L.
Peters, H. Elizabeth
Waldman, Donald M.
Tax Credits, Labor Supply and Child Care
Report No 92-9. Chicago IL: Population Research Center, NORC-University of Chicago, November 1992
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: National Opinion Research Center - NORC
Keyword(s): Child Care; Children; Labor Force Participation; Maternal Employment; Taxes; Women

This paper is a theoretical and empirical exploration of the effects of the child care tax credit in the U.S. income tax system on female labor supply and choice of child care arrangements. The tax credit provides a subsidy to working families towards the purchase of child care. This subsidy creates a nonlinear budget set similar to that created by a progressive income tax. Data from the 1986 interview of the youth cohort of the NLS are utilized to estimate the labor supply function of women with young children. Our estimates control for the type of child care arrangements made, explicitly allowing women to use market care or informal care. Our empirical work demonstrates that married women's labor supply is elastic with respect to the wage net of child care costs and the child care tax credit. Furthermore, we find that increasing the value (percent of expenditures subsidized) of the child care tax credit will increase hours supplied to the labor market by married women with children under age six.
Bibliography Citation
Averett, Susan L., H. Elizabeth Peters and Donald M. Waldman. Tax Credits, Labor Supply and Child Care. Report No 92-9. Chicago IL: Population Research Center, NORC-University of Chicago, November 1992.
3. Ginther, Donna K.
Pollak, Robert A.
Family Structure and Children's Educational Outcomes: Blended Families, Stylized Facts, and Descriptive Regressions
Working Paper, Population Research Center, NORC & the University of Chicago, March 2004.
Also: http://www.spc.uchicago.edu/prc/pdfs/ginthe02.pdf
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79
Publisher: National Opinion Research Center - NORC
Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Family Structure; Modeling, Fixed Effects; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Siblings

This paper is a revised and retitled version of "Does Family Structure Affect Children's Educational Outcomes?"

This paper adds to the growing literature describing correlations between children's educational outcomes and family structure. Although popular discussions focus on the distinction between twoparent families and single-parent families, McLanahan and Sandefur [1994] show that outcomes for stepchildren are similar to outcomes for children in single-parent families. McLanahan and Sandefur describe their results as showing that the crucial distinction is between children who were reared by both biological parents and children who were not. This description is misleading. This paper shows that educational outcomes for both types of children in blended families -- stepchildren and their half-siblings who are the joint biological children of both parents -- are similar to each other and substantially worse than outcomes for children reared in traditional nuclear families. We conclude that, as a description of the data, the crucial distinction is between children reared in traditional nuclear families (i.e., families in which all children are the joint biological children of both parents) and children reared in other family structures (e.g., single-parent families or blended families). We then turn from "stylized facts" (i.e., simple correlations) which control only for family structure to "descriptive regressions" which control for other variables such as family income. When controls for other variables are introduced, the relationship between family structure and children's educational outcomes weakens substantially and is often statistically insignificant. In the conclusion we clarify the question, "What is the effect of family structure on outcomes for children?" Interpreted literally, the question asks about the effect of one endogenous variable on another. We argue for reformulating the family structure question by specifying some explicit counterfactual, and express a preference for a policy-relevant counterfactual.
Bibliography Citation
Ginther, Donna K. and Robert A. Pollak. "Family Structure and Children's Educational Outcomes: Blended Families, Stylized Facts, and Descriptive Regressions." Working Paper, Population Research Center, NORC & the University of Chicago, March 2004.
4. Hotz, V. Joseph
McElroy, Susan Williams
Sanders, Seth G.
The Impacts of Teenage Childbearing on Mothers and the Consequences of those Impacts for Government
Working Paper 95-10, Population Research Center, NORC-University of Chicago, Chicago IL, July 1996
Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79
Publisher: National Opinion Research Center - NORC
Keyword(s): Childbearing, Adolescent; Fertility; Mothers, Adolescent; Socioeconomic Factors; Teenagers

In this chapter, we examine the effects of early childbearing on the subsequent behavior and socioeconomic attainment of teen mothers. To obtain reliable estimates of these effects, we use an innovative evaluation design in which teenage women who miscarried become a control group for comparison with teenage women who gave birth. Applying this design, we are able to sort out confounding factors that have led to common beliefs about the negative effects of teenage childbearing on the life prospects of the mothers and attempt to estimate the following set of causal effects: If young women who are "at risk" of becoming teen mothers are somehow convinced to delay their childbearing by two years, how substantially would their life prospects be improved and how much would this affect what the government spends overall on these woomen.
Bibliography Citation
Hotz, V. Joseph, Susan Williams McElroy and Seth G. Sanders. "The Impacts of Teenage Childbearing on Mothers and the Consequences of those Impacts for Government." Working Paper 95-10, Population Research Center, NORC-University of Chicago, Chicago IL, July 1996.