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Source: Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Amsterdam

Resulting in 2 citations.

1.	Ozturk, Orgul Demet Chyi, Hau
1.	The Effects of Single Mothers' Welfare Participation and Work Decisions on Children's Attainments Presented: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, University of Amsterdam, Annual Meetings of the European Association of Labour Economists, September 18-20, 2008. Also: http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10110/ Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam Keyword(s): Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); Maternal Employment; Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. This research examines the effects of mothers' welfare and work decisions on their children's attainments using a random effect instrumental variables (REIV) estimator. The estimator employs sibling comparisons in a random effect framework and an instrumental variables approach to address the unobserved heterogeneity that may influence mothers' work and welfare decisions. The identification comes from the variation in mothers' different economic incentives that arises from the AFDC benefit structures across U.S. states. We focus on children who were born to single mothers with twelve or fewer years of schooling. The short-run child attainments under consideration are the Peabody Individual Achievement Test math and reading recognition scores from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort. Long-run attainments are a child's number of years of schooling by age 25 and his or her early adulthood labor income, drawn from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The REIV estimates imply that, relative to no welfare participation, participating in welfare for one to three years provides up to a 5 percentage point gain in a child's Picture Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) scores. The negative effect of childhood welfare participation on adult earnings found by others is not significant if one accounts for mothers' work decisions. At the estimated values of the model parameters, a mother's number of years of work contributes between $3,000 and $7,000 1996 dollars to her child's labor income, but has no significant effect on the child's PIAT test scores. Finally, children's number of years of schooling are relatively unresponsive to mothers' work and welfare participation choices.
	Bibliography Citation Ozturk, Orgul Demet and Hau Chyi. "The Effects of Single Mothers' Welfare Participation and Work Decisions on Children's Attainments." Presented: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, University of Amsterdam, Annual Meetings of the European Association of Labour Economists, September 18-20, 2008.

2.	van der Sluis, Justin van Praag, C. Mirjam van Witteloostuijn, A.
2.	Why Are the Returns to Education Higher for Entrepreneurs Than for Employees? Working Paper, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, January 2006. Also: http://www1.fee.uva.nl/pp/bin/408fulltext.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam Keyword(s): Earnings; Educational Returns; Entrepreneurship; Income; Locus of Control (see Rotter Scale); Rotter Scale (see Locus of Control); Self-Employed Workers; Variables, Instrumental Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. We compare the returns to education (RTE) for entrepreneurs and employees, based on 19 waves of the NLSY database. By using instrumental variable techniques (IV) and taking account of selectivity, we find that the RTE are significantly higher for entrepreneurs than for employees (18.3 percent and 9.9 percent, respectively). We perform various analyses in an attempt to explain the difference. We find (indirect) support for the argument that the higher RTE for entrepreneurs is due to fewer (organizational) constraints faced by entrepreneurs when optimizing the profitable employment of their education.
	Bibliography Citation van der Sluis, Justin, C. Mirjam van Praag and A. van Witteloostuijn. "Why Are the Returns to Education Higher for Entrepreneurs Than for Employees?." Working Paper, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, January 2006.

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