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Source: Evolution and Human Behavior
Resulting in 3 citations.
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Davis, Jeff |
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Perceived Environmental Threats as a Factor in Reproductive Behavior: An Examination of American Youth Evolution and Human Behavior 33,6 (November 2012): 647-656. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513812000414 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Adolescent Fertility; Bullying/Victimization; Crime; Fertility; First Birth; Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes This study presents a test of general life history theory by estimating the association between perceived environmental threat (PET) and reproductive outcomes among American youth. Data for the study came from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997–2009, which consists of a nationally representative sample of youth. Analyses were based on a subsample of N= 4748 respondents who were aged 12–14 years in 1997; reported having no biological children in 1997; and, for females, were not pregnant at the time of the 1997 interview. PET was measured using 11 questionnaire items that asked respondents about experiences with violent assaults from peers, witnessing violent assaults, and nonviolent crime victimization. First childbirth occurred earlier among respondents who reported higher PET in 1997. Average fertility during the study period was also higher among respondents with higher PET. Male and female respondents' reproductive behaviors were similarly associated with PET. However, only among female respondents was the association between PET and fertility moderated by the quality of the household environment. |
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Bibliography Citation
Davis, Jeff. "Perceived Environmental Threats as a Factor in Reproductive Behavior: An Examination of American Youth." Evolution and Human Behavior 33,6 (November 2012): 647-656.
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| 2. |
Hopcroft, Rosemary L. |
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Sex Differences in the Relationship between Status and Number of Offspring in the Contemporary U.S. Evolution and Human Behavior 36,2 (March 2015): 146-151. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513814001330 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB); Children; Cognitive Ability; Educational Attainment; Gender Differences; Income; Socioeconomic Status (SES) Sociobiology predicts that among social species individual social status will be positively correlated with reproductive success, yet in modern societies the opposite appears to be true. However, in the last five to ten years, a sex difference in the association between some measures of personal status on number of children has been documented in many countries, such that status is positively associated with number of children for men only. Much of this research utilizes European data and there has been little use of data from the U.S. In this paper, analysis of U.S. data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth shows that personal income is positively associated with number of offspring for men, and this is true for men at all levels of education. This is mostly because of increased childlessness among low income men. For women, personal income is negatively associated with number of offspring, and this is true for women at all levels of education. Other measures of status (intelligence and education) are negatively associated with number of offspring for men and women, although the negative association is less for men. |
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Bibliography Citation
Hopcroft, Rosemary L. "Sex Differences in the Relationship between Status and Number of Offspring in the Contemporary U.S." Evolution and Human Behavior 36,2 (March 2015): 146-151.
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| 3. |
Richardson, George B. Chen, Ching-Chen Dai, Chia-Liang Swoboda, Christopher M. Nedelec, Joseph L. Chen, Wei-Wen |
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Substance Use and Mating Success Evolution and Human Behavior 38,1 (January 2017): 48-57. Also: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090513816301246 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: Elsevier Keyword(s): Alcohol Use; Cigarette Use (see Smoking); Drug Use; Modeling, Structural Equation; Sexual Activity; Substance Use Psychoactive substance use has been typical of most traditional and modern societies and is maintained in the population despite the potential for abuse and related harms, raising the possibility that it (or its underlying causes) confers fitness benefits that offset its costs. Although it seems plausible that psychoactive substances have facilitated survival among ancestral and modern humans, it is not clear that this enhancement has translated into Darwinian fitness through mating and ultimately reproductive success. In the current study, we discuss potential mechanisms by which substance use might make unique contributions to mating success, attend to the possibility that the effects between substance use and mating success are instead confounded, and use structural equations and nationally representative data to determine whether these effects are more likely causal or spurious. Our findings indicate that once we know participants' scores on "third" variables at each round in early young adulthood, their substance use gives us little additional information about their current prospects for acquiring sexual partners and no additional information about of their future prospects. Thus, if adaptations for substance use evolved, their adaptive value does not seem to be found in mating success. |
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Bibliography Citation
Richardson, George B., Ching-Chen Chen, Chia-Liang Dai, Christopher M. Swoboda, Joseph L. Nedelec and Wei-Wen Chen. "Substance Use and Mating Success." Evolution and Human Behavior 38,1 (January 2017): 48-57.
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