Search Results

View Selected Citations Select and View All Search Citations

Source: European Population Conference

Resulting in 6 citations.

1.	Akashi, Naoko
1.	Does Marriage Strengthen Family Ties? The Analysis of the Effect of Parental Marriage on Out-of-Wedlock Children's Home Environment and Academic Success Presented: Barcelona, Spain, European Population Conference, July 9-12, 2008. Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: European Association for Population Studies (EAPS) Keyword(s): Family Structure; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Marital Status; Parents, Single; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. The unwed birthrate escalated drastically from an almost negligible rate to more than one third of all births in the last half century. I examine whether a parental marriage improves the home environment quality and academic performance of out-of-wedlock children. In order to understand the roles of parental marriage and cohabitation for out-of-wedlock children, I sample out-of-wedlock children in the National Longitudinal Survey for Children 1979 and analyze the effects of their mothers' marital status changes on their academic performance and home environment quality. Whereas those whose parents eventually marry have better academic outcomes and home environment quality than those whose parents stay cohabitating, this gap cannot be attributed to the parents' marital statuses. Contrarily, the advantage of children whose parents cohabitate compared to those who do not live with their biological fathers can be largely attributed to the involvement of the biological fathers in raising their children.
	Bibliography Citation Akashi, Naoko. "Does Marriage Strengthen Family Ties? The Analysis of the Effect of Parental Marriage on Out-of-Wedlock Children's Home Environment and Academic Success." Presented: Barcelona, Spain, European Population Conference, July 9-12, 2008.

2.	Duke, Naomi Macmillan, Ross
2.	Is Educational Attainment a Cause of Better Health? A Test of Conventional Wisdom Presented: Budapest, Hungary, European Population Conference, June 2014 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: European Association for Population Studies (EAPS) Keyword(s): Educational Attainment; Health/Health Status/SF-12 Scale; Modeling, Fixed Effects Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Research routinely finds a strong association between educational attainment and better health. The conventional interpretation of this association is causal, premised on basic ideas of education and human capital enhancement. An alternative perspective views educational attainment as somewhat endogenous given cognitive and non-cognitive skills that are formed early in the life course. By implication, this perspective would view the association between educational attainment and health as spurious. Using data from the NLSY97 and dynamic measures of both educational attainment and self-rated health, we evaluate these two perspectives. Specifically, we fit conventional ordinary least squares and maximum likelihood, fixed effects regression models where the latter can control for time-stable, unmeasured heterogeneity such as cognitive and non-cognitive skills. Contrary to conventional wisdom, results provide little support for the human capital and causation interpretation. Specifically, once controlling for unmeasured heterogeneity, the effects of education are either eliminated or reduced such that they would be deemed trivial to small. These conclusions are reinforced when we include a set of time-varying covariates that are robust predictors of health and when we examine such effects for six race-sex subgroups. We conclude by discussing the implications for future research on socioeconomic stratification and health.
	Bibliography Citation Duke, Naomi and Ross Macmillan. "Is Educational Attainment a Cause of Better Health? A Test of Conventional Wisdom." Presented: Budapest, Hungary, European Population Conference, June 2014.

3.	Gemmill, Alison Chudnovskaya, Margarita Hepburn, Peter
3.	Women's Household Income Contributions and Higher-order Births in the United States Presented: Budapest, Hungary, European Population Conference, June 2014 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: European Association for Population Studies (EAPS) Keyword(s): Births, Repeat / Spacing; Family Income; Fertility; Maternal Employment; Mothers, Income; Wives, Income Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Women's labor force participation has risen dramatically in the United States over the last fifty years. As more women continue working after marriage and childbirth, they contribute a rising share to household income, which likely influences decisions regarding timing and likelihood of second and third births within marriage. This paper uses data from the NLSY1979 to capture longitudinal variation in women's and men's income contribution to the household, and relates these income differences to fertility progression. We study the effect of women's household income contributions in relative (to their partner's income) and absolute (income measured yearly) terms. Event history analysis shows that female-breadwinner families behave similarly to dual-income earner families with regard to second and third births, and that both of these groups have lower fertility than male-breadwinner households when other family characteristics are adjusted for.
	Bibliography Citation Gemmill, Alison, Margarita Chudnovskaya and Peter Hepburn. "Women's Household Income Contributions and Higher-order Births in the United States." Presented: Budapest, Hungary, European Population Conference, June 2014.

4.	Jang, Bohyun Casterline, John Snyder, Anastasia R.
4.	Interrelationships between Life Course Events in the United States Presented: Budapest, Hungary, European Population Conference, June 2014 Cohort(s): NLSY97 Publisher: European Association for Population Studies (EAPS) Keyword(s): Cohabitation; Family Formation; Fertility; Geocoded Data; Life Course; Marriage; Mobility, Residential Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Family events are closely related to residential changes (Kulu & Milewski 2007; Clak & Withers 2007). People consider residential moves in response to changes in family size or in anticipation of new family members. While previous research has demonstrated interrelationships between mobility and fertility (Kulu & Steele 2013), relatively little is known about the association between mobility and union transitions. Union formation (i.e., marriage and cohabitation) may trigger residential changes because of a need for additional space. In addition, mobility may influence union transitions. For example, researchers have found that family formation behaviors are related to housing career and homeownership (Murphy & Sullivan 1985; Mulder & Billari 2010), which mostly require residential changes. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we examine how the two life course transitions are linked to each other. We separate union types into marriage and cohabitation and mobility into migration (a between-county move) and residential mobility (a within-county move). As individuals experience multiple union transitions and residential changes over the life course, we use a multi-level, multi-process, competing-risks model allowing for person specific characteristics. In the NLSY97, about 14% of the sample has experienced marriage without cohabitation and 57% have cohabited. Regarding mobility, about 18% have moved within the same county and 59% have changed residence to different county. Preliminary findings from separate estimation of each transition suggest that migration and residential mobility are the most critical determinants for marriage and cohabitation, and vice versa. Moreover, we found significant person specific random effects in each equation. We will estimate two multi-level competing risks models simultaneously for a full model.
	Bibliography Citation Jang, Bohyun, John Casterline and Anastasia R. Snyder. "Interrelationships between Life Course Events in the United States." Presented: Budapest, Hungary, European Population Conference, June 2014.

5.	Joshi, Heather Cooksey, Elizabeth C. Verropoulou, Georgia Menaghan, Elizabeth G. Tzavidis, Nikos
5.	Children of Working Mothers: Does Mother's Employment Affect Children's Development? Presented: Barcelona, Spain, European Population Conference, July 9-12, 2008 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79 Publisher: European Association for Population Studies (EAPS) Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); British Cohort Study (BCS); Child Care; Child Health; Family Structure; Maternal Employment; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. In this study we investigate differences in the cognitive and behavioural development of pre-school aged children by maternal employment using information from the second generation of two cohort studies: the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) and the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth Child (NLSY79) from the US. This will update a similar study of children from the 1958 British cohort but will also expand these analyses by enabling a comparison of maternal employment effects in two industrialized countries where policies regarding maternal leave markedly differ. Both data sets contain several outcomes per child, in some cases several children per mother, and a hierarchical structure which we tackle using multivariate multi-level modelling. We are therefore able to model the relationships between the outcomes, i.e. maths and reading, or a cognitive score with aggressive behaviour, as well as contrast the effect of controlling for the characteristics of the child and family. The BCS70 provides data back to birth for the mothers we study, and the NLSY79 started collecting data from mothers in their early to mid teens thus supplying us with a good array of controls for confounding variables (such as maternal education and ability, plus family history) which may affect whether or not she is in the labour market during her child's first few years of life. Both data sets also include variables which may mediate or compensate for maternal employment, such as family income, child care, family structure, number of siblings, maternal health, child health. Based on results from previous research we expect maternal employment will impact child development but that effects will differ according to such factors as age of child, when the mother went back to work and, the nature of her employment.
	Bibliography Citation Joshi, Heather, Elizabeth C. Cooksey, Georgia Verropoulou, Elizabeth G. Menaghan and Nikos Tzavidis. "Children of Working Mothers: Does Mother's Employment Affect Children's Development?" Presented: Barcelona, Spain, European Population Conference, July 9-12, 2008.

6.	Nitsche, Natalie
6.	Examining Fertility from a Couple-Perspective: Do Relative Resources Matter for First and Second Births? Presented: Stockholm, Sweden, European Population Conference (EPC), June 2012 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: European Association for Population Studies (EAPS) Keyword(s): Births, Repeat / Spacing; Childbearing; Cross-national Analysis; Educational Attainment; First Birth; Gender Attitudes/Roles; German Family Survey; German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP); Income Level; Modeling, Fixed Effects; National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. McDonald (2000) has suggested that socio-economic gender equity within couples is a crucial component in women’s fertility decisions and that its investigation will contribute to understanding low fertility in the Western world today. Empirically, however, little is known about how couple dynamics are influencing fertility outcomes. This paper examines if gender equity, measured as relative levels of income, education, work hours, and occupational status, affects the transition to first and second births in the US and Germany. While studies have investigated the effect of the gendered division of household labor on birth transitions, I argue that it is problematic as an indicator of intra-couple gender equity because research has shown that the division of household labor is itself an outcome of relative resources in couples. Using the NLSY79, the NSFH, the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), and the German Family Survey, this paper will use event history and fixed effects models to understand how relative resources, absolute resources, and their interaction affect the timing and likelihood of first and second births in couples.
	Bibliography Citation Nitsche, Natalie. "Examining Fertility from a Couple-Perspective: Do Relative Resources Matter for First and Second Births?" Presented: Stockholm, Sweden, European Population Conference (EPC), June 2012.

Admin