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Source: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin

Resulting in 2 citations.

1.	Vandell, Deborah Lowe Ramanan, Janaki
1.	Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: Choices in After School Care and Child Development Working Paper, Madison WI: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1991 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Child Care; Children, Behavioral Development; General Assessment; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Memory for Digit Span (WISC) - also see Digit Span; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Peers/Peer influence/Peer relations; Self-Esteem; Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. After-school care was examined for 390 3rd through 5th graders who were part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Mother care after school was associated with lower family incomes, more poverty, and less emotional support. In other areas (child's sex, age, race, family marital status, mother's age, and cognitive stimulation), families did not differ in their selection of after-school care. Children in the care of single mothers after school in comparison with children in other types of adult supervised after-school care had lower Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores and higher ratings for antisocial behaviors, anxiety, and peer conflicts. Latchkey care was also associated with more behavior problems. However, these problems disappeared when family income and emotional support were controlled, suggesting that type of after-school care per se is less important than the quality of children's experiences with their families.
	Bibliography Citation Vandell, Deborah Lowe and Janaki Ramanan. "Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: Choices in After School Care and Child Development." Working Paper, Madison WI: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin, 1991.

2.	Vandell, Deborah Lowe Ramanan, Janaki
2.	Effects of Early and Recent Maternal Employment on Children from Low Income Families Working Paper, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1990 Cohort(s): Children of the NLSY79, NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin Keyword(s): Behavior Problems Index (BPI); Bias Decomposition; Children; Children, Academic Development; Family Background and Culture; Family Income; Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME); Marital Status; Maternal Employment; Mothers; Mothers, Education; Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Math); Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT- Reading); Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT); Poverty; Welfare Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Data drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth are used to examine the effects of early and recent maternal employment in a sample of second-grade children from low-income families. Maternal employment is related to a number of selection factors. When mothers who were not employed are compared to employed mothers, the working mothers score higher on a mental aptitude tests and are more highly educated. In terms of measures of current family functioning, there is less poverty and higher home environment scores when mothers are employed. Multiple regressions showed that children's math achievement is positively predicted by early, maternal employment. Children's reading achievement is positively predicted by recent, maternal employment. Discussion of the results in terms of possible mechanisms by which maternal employment may affect children's development end the study.
	Bibliography Citation Vandell, Deborah Lowe and Janaki Ramanan. "Effects of Early and Recent Maternal Employment on Children from Low Income Families." Working Paper, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1990.

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