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Source: Department of Economics, Purdue University
Resulting in 3 citations.
| 1. |
Mumford, Kevin J. |
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Income Tax Treatment of Families with Children Working Paper, Department of Economics, Purdue University, November 2008 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Economics, Purdue University Keyword(s): Benefits; Children; Family Formation; Family Models; Family Resources; Family Size; Family Studies; Fertility; Maternal Employment; Taxes; Time Use; Wives, Work Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Families with children receive preferential treatment in the U.S. federal income tax. Over the past 15 years, the real value of child tax benefits approximately doubled reaching nearly $1,900 per child in 2006. This paper examines the efficiency cost of providing child tax benefits. A representative agent model is used to show how the efficiency cost of providing child tax benefits depends on labor supply and fertility elasticities. The model reveals that cross-price substitution effect for labor supply and children is of primary importance in calculating the efficiency cost. However, there are no estimates of this parameter in the literature. This paper uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to estimate this parameter. The estimated cross-price substitution effect implies that children and time spent outside of employment are complements. This implies that the full cost of providing child tax benefits is larger than the reported tax expenditure. |
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Bibliography Citation
Mumford, Kevin J. "Income Tax Treatment of Families with Children." Working Paper, Department of Economics, Purdue University, November 2008. |
| 2. |
Price, Curtis R. |
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Essays on Gender in Labor Markets Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Economics, Purdue University, 2008 Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Economics, Purdue University Keyword(s): Career Patterns; Economics of Gender; Labor Force Participation; Labor Supply; Life Cycle Research; Wage Growth; Wages, Women; Women's Studies Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Women entered the labor force in unprecedented quantities starting in the 1970's. Nonetheless, women are still underrepresented in upper level management jobs. This dissertation is a compilation of three essays that discuss and analyze facets of women's labor supply, demand, and household decisions. As such, it contributes to the understanding of how women choose to work and the influences and market attributes that women face in the labor force. The first essay uses experimental techniques to replicate the results of recent research pertaining to gender in preferences for competition in the labor market. Previous research has found a drastic difference in the choices of men and women when given the choice of compensation between the piece rate and the tournament compensation schemes. This note describes additional data collected at a Purdue University that fails to replicate these results. In particular, in the data collected at Purdue there appears to be no gender differences in the compensation choices between men and women with both men and women, slightly favoring the tournament compensation. Even after controlling for a number of factors such as performance and confidence across the original experiment and this experiment, there remains a dramatic difference in the choices of women in the data collected for the replication compared to the original study. The second essay furthers the study of competition and gender in the laboratory by studying how gender may affect the use of competitive compensation. To do so, I develop a new laboratory methodology where one group of subjects (managers) selects a payment type for another group of subjects (workers). The results suggest that female workers are less likely to be placed into a tournament. This has direct implications for the demand of female executives where compensation is typically designed with a tournament structure. Second, I document a significant change in the propensity of women to choose the tournament compensation scheme compared to other similar experiments. This increase is consistent with the first essay of this thesis. The third essay uses field data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort (NLSY) to analyze how promotion and wage gains attached to promotions for women vary over the life-cycle of full time workers in the United States. Few studies of promotion have focused on large panel data sets. Notable exceptions have focused on the popular data set from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort (NSLY). Data from the NSLY have been utilized in at least four studies of promotion standards, with the finding that women are held to higher promotion standards than otherwise equally qualified men. All of these studies have utilized older data from the 1984 - 1990 survey years of the NLSY. During these years the subjects in the survey were between the ages of 19-33 years old. I explore the differences in promotion with data from the most recent survey years from 1996 - 2006, where subjects are now between the ages of 31 and 46. The findings indicate that although there was strong evidence of promotion disparity in the early years of subject's working careers; these effects have lessened as they have entered the prime working years. Additionally, I explore the wage gains attached to promotions. While the data from the subject's early working career show wage gains that favor women, the more recent data shows no discernable difference in wage gains attached to promotion. |
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Bibliography Citation
Price, Curtis R. Essays on Gender in Labor Markets. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Economics, Purdue University, 2008. |
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Sahin, Aysegul |
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The Rotten Kid at College: The Incentive Effects of Higher Education Subsidies on Student Achievement Department of Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, October 2001. Also: http://www.mgmt.purdue.edu/faculty/asahin/subsidy.pdf Cohort(s): NLSY79 Publisher: Department of Economics, Purdue University Keyword(s): College Education; College Enrollment; Colleges; Education; Educational Costs; Educational Returns; Tuition Permission to reprint the abstract has not been received from the publisher. Higher education subsidies encourage college enrollment by reducing tuitioncosts. Despite the abundant literature on the enrollment effects of low-tuition policies, little has been done to analyze the disincentive effects of these policies on student performance. I employ a game-theoretical model to analyze how parents and students respond to tuition subsidies. The model is calibrated using information from the High School and Beyond Sophomore Cohort and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data sets. The experiments imply that subsidizing tuition, while increasing enrollment rates, may considerably reduce students? efforts. First of all, a low-tuition, high-subsidy strategy causes an increase in the ratio of less able and less highly-motivated students among college graduates. Secondly, and more importantly, all students, even the more highly motivated ones, respond to lower tuition levels by decreasing their effort levels. I conclude that high-subsidy, low-tuition policies, indeed, have disincentive effects on students? study time. |
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Bibliography Citation
Sahin, Aysegul. "The Rotten Kid at College: The Incentive Effects of Higher Education Subsidies on Student Achievement." Department of Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, October 2001. |