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Source: Board of Governers of the Federal Reserve System
Resulting in 5 citations.
1. Korenman, Sanders D.
Neumark, David B.
Is Superwoman a Myth? Marriage, Children, and Wages
Working Paper No. 94, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1989
Cohort(s): Young Women
Publisher: Federal Reserve Board
Keyword(s): Children; Gender Differences; Human Capital; Marital Status; Marriage; Wages; Work Attachment

This paper explores the relationships between marriage, children, and women's wages. It considers Becker's (1985) hypothesis that household responsibilities reduce the labor market productivity of married women relative to men or single women with comparable labor market human capital. Using a sample drawn from the NLS of Young Women, the authors explore potential biases in estimates of these relationships, including what is believed to be the first longitudinal analyses. No evidence was found that married women have lower labor market productivity than comparable single women. In addition, once account is taken of the effects of children on labor force attachment, there is no consistent association between children and women's wages. The findings suggest that wage differentials between men and women with similar human capital should not be attributed to the greater home responsibilities of married women.
Bibliography Citation
Korenman, Sanders D. and David B. Neumark. "Is Superwoman a Myth? Marriage, Children, and Wages." Working Paper No. 94, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1989.
2. Neumark, David B.
Duration Analysis of Birth Intervals and Underlying Fertility Behavior
Special Studies Paper 226. Washington, DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1987
Cohort(s): NLSY79
Publisher: Federal Reserve Board
Keyword(s): Behavior; Childbearing; Fertility

This paper studies the fertility behavior underlying estimates of duration or hazard models from NLSY data on first birth intervals, in particular the meaning of the estimated effects of exogenous demographic variables on the hazard rate. Most simply, the question is whether these effects represent variation in planned or expected birth intervals, or instead direct effects on the probability of birth. Utilization of data on timing expectations, along with the demographic variables, allows this question to be answered. The conclusion is that timing plans or expectations are the dominant empirical determinant of actual first birth durations. An implication of this, with important consequences for family policy, is that the source of high fertility among young women with certain demographic characteristics is more the result of their plans and expectations than of "mistakes" (or deviations of actual from expected timing).
Bibliography Citation
Neumark, David B. Duration Analysis of Birth Intervals and Underlying Fertility Behavior. Special Studies Paper 226. Washington, DC: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 1987.
3. Neumark, David B.
Family Effects on the Human Capital and Earnings of Men and Women
Special Studies Papers 228, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), 1987.
Also: http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/fipfedgsp/228.htm
Cohort(s): Young Men, Young Women
Publisher: Federal Reserve Board
Keyword(s): Earnings; Family Influences; Human Capital Theory; Pairs (also see Siblings); Parental Influences; Rural/Urban Differences; Siblings

This paper explores family effects on the human capital--captured in ability, schooling, and experience--and earnings of men and women, utilizing data on same-gender and mixed-gender sibling pairs. The emphasis is on gender differences in these effects. For both genders, significant family effects on human capital are found. While effects on ability and schooling are gender-blind, effects on experience differ markedly for men and women. Significant family effects on earnings are also found, acting both indirectly via human capital, and directly on earnings themselves. Indirect effects appear to be more important for women, and direct effects for men, but this contrast is due partly to differences in the returns to human capital, and not only to differences in family effects. Some preliminary evidence on the sources of these family effects is presented that suggests that: (1) the education of a child is influenced more strongly by the education of the parent of the same gender; and (2) in terms of human capital and earnings, sisters do better in households with no brothers, and brothers do better in households with sisters.
Bibliography Citation
Neumark, David B. "Family Effects on the Human Capital and Earnings of Men and Women." Special Studies Papers 228, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), 1987.
4. Nielsen, Eric R.
Achievement Gap Estimates and Deviations from Cardinal Comparability
Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2015-040. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, May 2015.
Also: http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2015.040
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: Federal Reserve Board
Keyword(s): Achievement; Educational Longitudinal Study (ELS:2002); Methods/Methodology; National Education Longitudinal Survey (NELS); Test Scores/Test theory/IRT

This paper assesses the sensitivity of standard empirical methods for measuring group differences in achievement to violations in the cardinal comparability of achievement test scores.
Bibliography Citation
Nielsen, Eric R. "Achievement Gap Estimates and Deviations from Cardinal Comparability." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2015-040. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, May 2015.
5. Nielsen, Eric R.
The Income-Achievement Gap and Adult Outcome Inequality
Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2015-041. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, May 2015.
Also: http://www.federalreserve.gov/econresdata/feds/2015/files/2015041pap.pdf
Cohort(s): NLSY79, NLSY97
Publisher: Federal Reserve Board
Keyword(s): Achievement; Armed Forces Qualifications Test (AFQT); Family Income; Methods/Methodology; Test Scores/Test theory/IRT

This paper discusses various methods for assessing group differences in academic achievement using only the ordinal content of achievement test scores.
Bibliography Citation
Nielsen, Eric R. "The Income-Achievement Gap and Adult Outcome Inequality." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2015-041. Washington: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, May 2015.